Gastrobronchial fistula

Gastrobronchial fistula is an extremely rare condition. Trauma, subphrenic abscess and gastro-oesophageal surgery are the most commonly reported causes. We describe a case of gastrobronchial fistula occurring due to a peptic ulcer within a hiatus hernia six years following fundoplication.     

Vestibular toxicity due to gentamicin in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Gentamicin is well known to be a cause of vestibular toxicity. Despite this, gentamicin is often used to treat peritonitis and exit-site infections in peritoneal dialysis patients because of the ease of intraperitoneal administration and the broad coverage of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We report 4 cases of severe vestibular toxicity occurring in peritoneal dialysis patients treated with gentamicin. They were all treated as outpatients for peritonitis or an exit-site infection while on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD). The drug was administered to 3 patients in each peritoneal exchange (5 mg/L) after a loading dose. A fourth patient was given 1 mg/kg of intraperitoneal gentamicin every other day. The mean length of treatment was 21 days. Levels were not used to adjust the doses. All developed severe vertigo from which there was incomplete or no recovery. We suggest that gentamicin and the other aminoglycosides should be used in peritoneal dialysis patients only when there is no suitable alternative antibiotic. When gentamicin is administered, levels should be carefully followed. Studies should be performed in peritoneal dialysis patients on the feasibility of dosing gentamicin intermittently, which may be less toxic than continuous intraperitoneal administration.     

非清髓异基因外周血造血干细胞移植后嵌合体分析

本研究旨在探讨非清髓异基因外周血造血干细胞移植(NAPBSCT)后造血嵌合体的临床意义。采用FBC(氟达拉宾+白消安+环磷酰胺)±阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)预处理方案,对28例血液病患者进行NAPBSCT,采集供者和受者术前外周血及术后不同时间段的序列血样,用STR-PCR结合聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、银染色和凝胶成像分析技术半定量方法计算供体细胞嵌合率。结果显示:移植后1月,28例患者中1例移植失败,22例形成完全供者造血嵌合体(CC),5例形成混合造血嵌合体(MC);移植后7天时供者细胞即占优势(74.71%),较中性粒细胞(ANC)和血小板(Plt)的平均恢复时间均明显提前;CC组的aGVHD发生率高于MC组(P<0.05),两组cGVHD发生率无显著差异(P>0.05);1例MC患者发生早期移植排斥;CC组和MC组复发率无显著差异(P>0.05),1例在CC状态下复发。3例MC患者经早期临床干预治疗获得CC和完全缓解。结论:造血嵌合体的动态定量检测对判断早期植入,预测移植物排斥、复发和GVHD,以及指导临床干预治疗具有重要意义。     

仪征某地区人群高血压的危险因素研究

目的 探讨影响仪征某地区人群高血压发病的危险因素。方法 对该地区体检出的208例高血压患者病例与416例正常对照进行病例对照研究。结果 区小事单因素logistic回归分析发现，血糖、甘油三酯、吸烟量、饮食偏甜四个因素是高血压的危险因素。多因素logistic回归进一步分析发现吸烟量进入回归方程。结论 高血糖、高血脂、吸烟量以及饮食偏甜可能影响该地区高血压患病的危险因素。     

CD10在儿童期B-急性淋巴细胞白血病中的表达特点及其在微小残留病检测中的意义

本研究的目的是观察CDl0在儿童期B急性淋巴细胞白血病(BALL)中的表达情况，并探讨CDl0在白血病微小残留病检测中的应用价值。用流式细胞术分析58例儿童期急性淋巴细胞白血病表型，观察CDl0在BALL病例骨髓细胞中的表达特点，并将CDl0抗体与其它多种抗体构成四色组合用于B-ALL的微小残留病检测，评价其所起到的作用。结果表明，65、5％(38／58)的BALL具有CDl0过强表达(CDl0^bright)的特点，而且CDl0^bright与CD34的阳性表达率有关——CDl0^bright多出现于CD34阳性率高的B-ALL中。CDl0^bright在微小残留病检测中，与其它异常表达的抗原形成的组合能够在双参数点图上很好地区分出白血病细胞群与正常细胞群。即使在其他抗原表达无异常时，也可因CDl0的过强表达而使白血病细胞群与正常细胞群区分开。结论：CDl0^bright与BALL中CD34的高比例表达相关，CDl0^bright也是微小残留病检测的一个很好的指标，CDl0的表达与其他用于微小残留病检测的抗原表达的应用有互补作用。     

^99Tc^m—MDP骨显像与非小细胞肺癌的相关性研究

目的了解^99Tc^m-亚甲基二膦酸盐（MDP）全身骨扫描在病变部位的选择性沉积来检测非小细胞肺癌患者骨转移灶的意义。方法168例经病理或细胞学检查诊断非小细胞肺癌患者，其中鳞癌67例（39．9％），腺癌94例（56．0％），腺鳞癌3例（1．8％），低分化癌4例（2．4％），静脉注射^99Tc^m-MDP20—30mCi后，行全身骨扫描。结果168例患者中骨显像阳性率47．6％，其中男性患者骨显像阳性率41．2％，女性患者骨显像阳性率61．1％，明显高于男性患者（P〈0．05）；腺癌患者骨显像阳性率57．4％，鳞癌患者骨显像阳性率37．3％，两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。骨显像阳性的部位以肋骨、腰椎、胸椎转移最多，其中肋骨转移45例（56．3％），腰椎转移39例（48．8％），胸椎转移38例（47．5％）；Ⅰ～Ⅲa期患者骨显像阳性率31．9％，Ⅲb～Ⅳ期患者99例，骨显像阳性率58．6％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论病理类型为腺癌、有区域淋巴结转移及远处骨外组织转移者易发生骨转移，有胸腔内重要脏器侵犯时容易发生骨转移。使用^99Tc^m-MDP行全身骨扫描对非小细胞肺癌骨转移的诊断具有重要意义。     

Reverse CPR: a pilot study of CPR in the prone position

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), as described in 1960, remains the cornerstone of therapy for cardiopulmonary arrest. Recent case reports have described CPR in the prone position. We hypothesized rhythmic back pressure on a patient in the prone position with sternal counter-pressure (termed reverse CPR here) would increase intra-thoracic pressure and in turn systolic blood pressure (SBP) during cardiac arrest versus standard CPR. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six patients from Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center's Cardiac and Medical Intensive Care Units (CICU and MICU) were enrolled. Eligible patients had suffered circulatory arrest and failed standard CPR for at least 30 min. After enrollment the patients received 15 additional min of standard CPR and then reverse CPR for 15 min. The study's primary endpoint, mean SBP, significantly improved from 48 mmHg during standard CPR to 72 mmHg during reverse CPR (mean improvement=23+/-14 mmHg). Mean calculated mean arterial pressure (MAP) was also improved significantly from 32 mmHg during standard CPR to 46 mmHg during reverse CPR (mean improvement=14+/-11 mmHg). The mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) improved from 24 mmHg during standard to 34 mmHg during reverse CPR (mean improvement=10+/-12 mmHg). This difference did not meet statistical significance. No patients had return of spontaneous circulation. CONCLUSIONS: Reverse CPR generates higher mean SBP and higher mean MAP during circulatory arrest than standard CPR. These novel findings justify further research into this technique.     

Heterogeneity of memory B cells

Potential solid organ transplant recipients broadly sensitized to HLA have long wait times, low transplant rates and poor outcomes. The new kidney allocation system has improved access to the most highly sensitized recipients; however, their long‐term outcomes are unknown. Emerging data suggest that memory B cell repertoire is broader than the plasma cell repertoire, therefore, despite refinements in anti‐HLA antibody detection technology, donor‐specific HLA‐ specific memory B cells may in fact be present in some, if not most, highly sensitized recipients with no detectable donor‐specific antibodies. In addition, new findings have underscored the heterogeneity in memory B cell generation, and in the signals that determine memory versus plasma cell fate during primary antigen encounter, as well as memory B cell differentiation upon antigen reencounter into plasma cells or reentry into germinal centers to subsequently emerge as higher affinity and class‐switched plasma cells. Thus, heterogeneity memory B cells generation may affect the efficacy of specific immunomodulation during the recall response. We propose that the ability to quantify donor‐specific B cell in transplant recipients is urgently required to provide insights into the mechanisms of sensitization and recall, and for the early detection of acute and chronic AMR.     

Aspiration in chest compression alone without mechanical ventilation in the head down position in dogs

BACKGROUND: Previous work by the authors has shown that chest compressions alone without mechanical ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the natural supine position was associated with pulmonary aspiration in dogs. The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that a head down position may prevent aspiration during chest compressions alone and whether oxygenation can be improved by simply insufflation of oral oxygen 10 min after cardiac arrest. METHODS: Cardiac arrest was induced in ten mongrel dogs which were anesthetized and paralysed. Eight underwent chest compressions alone in different head down positions using an automatic compressor at 9 kg compression force and 3 cm compression depth. The study was composed of two parts. Part 1 evaluated the effect of insufflation of 10 l/min O2, into the mouth of the dogs, 10 min after initiation of resuscitation, using chest compressions alone. Part 2 was designed to test our hypothesis that the head down position may protect the lungs from aspiration during chest compression alone. The mouths of the dogs were filled with mixed barium and the dogs underwent serial episodes of chest compressions, for 10 min each, in the 20 degree head down, 10 degree head down and the natural supine positions. Chest X-rays with antero-posterior and lateral views were taken to evaluate pulmonary aspiration. Two additional dogs underwent direct chest compression alone in the natural supine position and the time of chest compression was shortened to 5 min. RESULTS: All dogs in the natural position showed evidence of pulmonary aspiration of barium, five or six of the dogs showed tracheal aspiration in the 10 degree head down position, while no any barium was visualized in the tracheo-broncheal trees of the dogs in the 20 degree head down position. Supplemental oxygen in the mouth improved the mean PaO2 from 67 +/- 26 to 160 +/- 97 mmHg during chest compressions alone. CONCLUSION: Chest compression alone without mechanical ventilation in the supine position caused pulmonary aspiration in the unprotected airway in dogs. This complication could be prevented by adopting a 20 degree head down position. The 10 degree head down position seemed to reduce the severity of the pulmonary aspiration, but not enough to eliminate the danger altogether. Supplemental oxygen in the mouth can improve oxygenation in chest compressions alone.