Discoloration of Provisional Restorations after Oral Rinses

Purpose: Oral rinses are widely used to promote periodontal health with provisional restorations during the interim period. The aim of this study was to compare the discoloration of provisional restoration materials with different oral rinses.Material and Methods: A total of 140 disc-shaped specimens (shade A2) (10 mm x 2 mm) were prepared from one PMMA-based (TemDent Classic^®) and three different bis-acrylic-based (Protemp II^®, Luxatemp^® and Fill-In^®) provisional restoration materials (n=7). The color values (L*, a*, and b*) of each specimen were measured before and after exposure with a colorimeter, and the color changes (∆E) were calculated according to the CIE L*a*b* system. The specimens were immersed in each of the 4 oral rinses (alcohol-containing mouthwash, chlorhexidine, benzydamine HCl, benzydamine HCl and chlorhexidine) twice a day for 2 minutes. After 2 minutes of immersion in the oral rinses, the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva. The specimens were exposed to the oral rinses and the artificial saliva for 3 weeks. Two-way ANOVA, the Bonferroni test and the paired sample t-test were used for statistical analyses (p<0.05).Results: Comparison of the discoloration from the oral rinses after immersion for three weeks revealed no significant differences (p>0.05). The lowest color change was observed in PMMA-based Temdent in all oral rinses (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the bis-acryl composites after immersion in saliva or the mixture of benzydamine HCl and chlorhexidine and the alcohol-containing mouthwash for 3 weeks (p>0.05). After immersion in chlorhexidine, the color change values of Protemp II and Fill-in showed significant differences (p=0.018). Protemp II also showed less discoloration than the other bis-acryl composites, and this color change was statistically significant (p <0.05). For all oral rinses, the L* value decreased while b* values increased, and this color change was found to be statistically significant (p <0.05). A* values were found to be significantly higher with oral rinses (p<0.05), except Protemp II immersed in benzydamine HCl or alcohol-containing mouthwash.Conclusions: The type of the oral rinse did not affect the discoloration process. For long-term esthetic results, choosing MMA-based materials for provisional restorations appears to be more effective.     

Pacemaker Upgrade for Recurrent Pacemaker Syndrome Using a Redundant Contralateral Electrode in a Patient with Bilateral Venous Stenoses

Following His-bundle ablation and VVIR pacemaker implantation, severe Pacemaker syndrome developed and was treated with DDDR pacing in a 70-year-old woman. Due to bilateral subclavian vein stenosis, DDDR pacing could not be maintained and an unusual method of restoring atrioventricular synchrony is described using the contralateral redundant atrial electrode connected to the ipsilateral dual chamber pacemaker and ventricular electrode.     

《伤寒杂病论》中的病证与经络的传承关系

从经络学说角度来探讨《伤寒杂病论》中蓄血、脾约、小便不利、消渴等4个病证,可以窥见中医理论渊源与经络学说密切相关。     

小球藻提取物对大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 利用四氯化碳诱导大鼠急性肝损伤模型,研究小球藻提取物对急性肝损伤的保护作用.方法利用四氯化碳诱导大鼠急性肝损伤,测定大鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性,肝组织中谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)水平及谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)活性,分析小球藻提取物对上述指标的影响.结果小球藻提取物显著降低大鼠血清中ALT,AST以及肝组织中MDA值并促进肝组织中GSH-Px活性及GSH含量的升高.结论小球藻提取物对四氯化碳所致大鼠急性肝损伤具有明显的防治作用.     

吉非罗齐对实验性糖尿病大鼠的降糖作用及其机制研究

 目的观察吉非罗齐(gemfibrozil,Gem)对实验性2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)大鼠的降糖、降脂作用及其可能机制。方法采用高糖高脂膳食4周诱导大鼠胰岛素抵抗后,腹腔注射亚致病剂量链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)的方法制备T2DM模型,并观察Gem对其血脂、血糖代谢的影响及其可能机制。结果连续灌胃给药8周后,Gem显著降低实验性糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)和三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(totalcholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)及游离脂肪酸含量(nonesterified fatty acid,NEFA)(P<0.05或P<0.01),显著增高实验性糖尿病大鼠血清SOD活力(superoxide dismutase,SOD),降低模型组大鼠MDA(maleic dialdehyde,MDA)含量(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论Gem不仅对实验性T2DM大鼠血脂具有良好的调节作用,还能改善实验性T2DM大鼠的血糖代谢,显著降低FBG。     

Nitric oxide expression in airway epithelial cells in response to tubercle bacilli stimulation

Abstract In order to investigate the role of airway epithelial cells in pulmonary tuberculosis, inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production were studied in A549 cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from normal volunteers were separated and cultured for 24h with LPS or tubercle bacilli (H37Rv, H37Ra). Thereafter, A549 cells were stimulated for another 24h with culture supernatant fluids of PBMC. iNOS messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was measured with Northern blot analysis and NO production was measured with the Griess reaction, which can measure nitrite concentration. iNOS mRNA expression and NO production were minimal in the control cells. iNOS mRNA expression and NO production were significantly increased with LPS ( P < 0.05) or tubercle bacilli ( P < 0.01) stimulation. However, there was no difference in iNOS mRNA expression and NO production between H37Rv and H37Ra stimulations. Interestingly, iNOS mRNA expression and NO production were greater in A549 cells stimulated with tubercle bacilli-conditioned media than in the cells stimulated with LPS-conditioned media. IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon gamma concentrations were increased in culture supernatant fluids of PBMC stimulated with tubercle bacilli. These findings suggest that airway epithelial cells may play a certain role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis by producing NO. However, the role of airway epithelial cells, regarding the virulence of tubercle bacilli, was not clear in this study.     

Is There Any Objective Improvement of Nocturia by Combination Treatment of Zolpidem and Alpha‐Blocker Therapy for Unresponsive to Alpha‐Blocker Monotherapy in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms?

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine whether administration of zolpidem, a nonbenzodiazepine sedative‐hypnotic agent, at night would improve the nocturia unresponsive to alpha‐blocker monotherapy in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods: This was a prospective observational study comprised of 39 men aged 50 years and older. The study inclusion criteria were age more than 50 years, and nocturia twice or more per night after taking alpha‐blockers for more than 8 weeks. A total of 39 patients met the criteria and constituted the study cohort. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), frequency volume chart (FVCs) and uroflowmetry were recorded. Patients were given 10 mg alfuzosin and 10 mg zolpidem once at night for the 8 weeks. Results: There were no serious side‐effects in any patient. Nocturia decreased from a baseline (3.1 ± 0.1) to 8 weeks (1.6 ± 0.2) (P = 0.001). After treatment, global PSQI scores and severe sleep disorders improved. Storage and voiding symptoms including total IPSS scores and quality of life index improved. Nocturnal urine volume and functional bladder capacity improved. Maximum flow rate, voided volume increased and residual urine volume decreased. Conclusion: Combined zolpidem and alpha‐blocker therapy resulted in a subjective and objective reduction in nocturia episodes when given to men with nocturia unresponsive to alpha‐blocker monotherapy.     

In vitro metabolism of the new insecticide flupyrazofos by rat liver microsomes

1. The in vitro metabolism of the new insecticide flupyrazofos was studied using rat liver microsomes. Two metabolites were produced and identified as O, O -diethyl O -(1- phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-pyrazoyl) phosphoric acid ester (flupyrazofos oxon) and 1- phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-hydroxypyrazole (PTMHP) based on UV and mass spectral analysis. 2. Cytochrome P450 oxidatively converted flupyrazofos to flupyrazofos oxon, a major metabolite and phenobarbital-induced microsomes increased this desulphuration by 8- fold. 3. Flupyrazofos oxon was converted to PTMHP with a half-life of 47 8?min by chemical hydrolysis and this conversion also proceeded non-enzymatically under our microsomal incubation conditions.