Hepatic Resection for Colorectal Metastasis: Impact of Tumour Size

Background Many colorectal liver metastasis patients are denied surgical resection on the basis of tumour size. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of metastasis size on modern liver resection.Methods Using a prospectively collected database, this was a retrospective analysis of 484 consecutive patients who underwent liver resection for colorectal liver metastases between 1993 and 2003. The cohort was divided into two groups: smaller metastases (<8 cm) and larger metastases (≥ 8 cm). Those with larger metastases were then further stratified into big metastases (8–12 cm) and giant metastases (>12 cm). Demographic, pathological, surgical technique and outcome data were compared between the groups.Results There were 88 (18%) patients with metastases measuring 8 cm or larger. There was an association between higher carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen (CA) 19-9 levels and larger metastases. The actuarial 5-year survival for patients with larger metastases was 38% compared with 42% for smaller metastases (not statistically significant). Patients with giant metastases had poorer overall and disease-free survival (both nonsignificant) compared with those with big metastases: 29% and 28% at 5 years, respectively.Conclusion Patients with colorectal liver metastasis greater than 8 cm and up to 12 cm in size should not be treated differently from those with smaller lesions.     

Complications of spinal cord arteriography: prospective assessment of risk for diagnostic procedures

A prospective study was done of complications associated with 134 consecutive diagnostic spinal cord arteriograms in 96 patients (63 men and 33 women aged 17-78 years). Patients were examined for either arteriovenous malformation (n = 88) or tumor (n = 8), as indicated by myelography. Among the complications, 11 (8.2%) were local, five (3.7%) were systemic nonneurologic, and three (2.2%) were neurologic (two were associated with full recovery in less than 24 hours, and one was associated with full recovery in less than 1 week). No specific clinical or technical factors were significantly associated with the development of neurologic complications. Details of the clinical profile, angiographic technique, and pathologic findings for each patient were recorded and analyzed with respect to the potential risk for arteriographic complications. Diagnostic spinal cord arteriography had an acceptable risk within the range of other neuroangiographic diagnostic procedures.     

Strabismus in adults with uveal melanoma following episcleral plaque brachytherapy

PURPOSE: To ascertain the incidence of persistent strabismus in patients treated with plaque brachytherapy and its subsequent treatment. METHODS: A single center retrospective case note review of adult patients with persistent diplopia or strabismus following plaque brachytherapy for all types of intraocular tumors between 1996 and 2004. RESULTS: A total of 929 consecutive adults underwent plaque brachytherapy during the study period at a single center. Sixteen patients (1.7%) with treated uveal melanoma developed persistent diplopia or strabismus. In 11 patients (69%) the timing of onset was in the first year, in 2 (13%) in the second year, and one each (6% each) in years 5, 7, and 8. Two patients (13%) did not require any intervention. Fourteen patients (88%) required treatment: 7 (50%) were treated with prisms only, 3 (21%) underwent botulinum toxin (BTXA) injections, and 4 (29%) were treated with extraocular muscle surgery (3 required one operation and one required 2 procedures). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ocular motility disorders following plaque brachytherapy in our cohort was 1.7% over 8 years and we include this in the consent process for conservative treatment of intraocular tumors. Options for treatment for persistent diplopia or strabismus include prisms, botulinum toxin injection, or surgery.     

Identification of an oncogenic form of the thrombopoietin receptor MPL using retrovirus-mediated gene transfer

Thrombopoietin and its receptor (MPL) are important regulators of megakaryopoiesis. We have identified an activating mutation of MPL using a combination of a retrovirus-mediated gene transfer and polymerase chain reaction-driven random mutagenesis. This point mutation causes a single amino acid substitution from Ser498 to Asn498 in the transmembrane region and abrogates factor-dependency of all interleukin-3-dependent cell lines tested. Murine interleukin-3- dependent Ba/F3 cells expressing the mutated but not the normal form of MPL were tumorigenic when transduced into syngeneic mice. Analysis of intracellular signaling pathways indicated that the mutant MPL protein constitutively activated two distinct signaling pathways, SHC-Raf-MAPK and JAK2-STAT3/STAT5.     

Hazards of non coherent light sources as determined by the framework of IEC TR-60825-9

An overview is provided of the scope and application of IEC TR 60825-9 in determination of hazards of non coherent optical radiation sources. Specific areas reviewed in detail include those relating to hazards of ultraviolet radiation, retinal thermal hazard and blue light photochemical hazard. The effect of spectral temperature on relative risk relating to retinal thermal hazard and blue light photochemical hazard are outlined. Assessment of risk factors of these hazards was determined using a range of measurement devices including spectral radiometer, broad band power meter and a locally developed device for determination of pulse profile of pulsed light sources.