翼核果中蒽醌的研究

从翼核果(Ventilago Ieiocarpa Benth.)根中分得四个蒽醌化合物(Ⅰ～Ⅳ)及羽扇豆醇。Ⅲ是第一次从自然界分得。Ⅳ是新化合物,命名为翼核果醌(leiocarpaquinone)     

Influence of the HLA-DRB1 locus on susceptibility and severity in rheumatoid arthritis

We examined HLA-DR genotype risk in 288 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were carefully categorized for disease severity. Five hundred ethnically-matched bone-marrow donors were controls. A hierarchy of positive allelic associations was noted with DRB1*0401 (p < 10(-38), *0404,8 (p < 10(-43), *0405 (p < 10(-8), *10 (p < 10(-3) and *0101,2 (p < 10(-2), while DRB1*0403 was negatively associated (p = 0.02). The DRB1 genotype relative risks (and 95% CIs) for RA were: *0404,5,8/*0404,5,8 = 36.2 (15-87), *0401/*0404,5,8 = 31.3 (18-55), *401/*0401 = 18.8 (11-35), *0101,2/*0404,5,8 = 6.0 (2-14), *0101,2/*0401 = 6.4 (3-12), *0101,2/*0101,2 = 1.3 (0.3-6), *10/*0404,5,8 = 27.8 (5-148), *10/*0401 = 20.8 (5-89), *10/*0101,2 = 22.3 (5-96), *0404,5,8/DRX = 5.0 (3-8), *0401/DRX = 4.7 (3-7), *0101,2/DRX = 2.3 (1.4-4), *10/DRX = 3.4 (0.8-14). No significant correlation of DRB1 genotypes was found with severity of RA as judged by nodules or articular erosions.      

Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in worker's compensation patients attending a work rehabilitation program

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological consequence of traumatic work-related hand injury. In the current study, we investigated this relationship by examining the prevalence, of PTSD symptoms in 121 Worker's Compensation patients enrolled in a work rehabilitation program following a wide array of work-related injuries. Eighty-eight men and 33 women, ranging in age from 16 to 78 (M=40.9,SD=10.2), completed the Injury Adjustment Survey, a measure of PTSD symptoms, psychological/behavioral changes following injury, and desire for psychological treatment. We found that the majority of patients reported difficulties sleeping, a diminished sense of future, loss of interest, and increased anger. Twenty percent of patients endorsed symptoms from criteria B (reexperiencing the trauma), C (persistent avoidance or numbing), and D (inreased arousal) for PTSD according to the DSM-IV. PTSD symptoms did not significantly, relate to age, gender, locations of injury, type of injury, seeing the injury occur, or length of time since injury. PTSD symptoms did significantly relate to psychological/behavioral changes or difficulties and the desire to seek psychological treatment. Discussion of the results proceeds from within a psychotraumatological framework. In general, our research confirmed that PTSD symptoms appear to be a clinically significant problem for patients suffering from a variety of work-related injuries.     

细胞凋亡与肝脏疾病

细胞凋亡(apoptosis,APO)是指在一定的生理和病理情况下,机体为维护内环境的稳定,通过基因调控而使细胞自动消亡的过程.英国Kerr教授1972年首先提出凋亡的概念,他主要根据形态学上的不同将细胞凋亡与坏死相区分,并指出前者是一种主动的、程序性的、细胞固有的过程许多文献又称凋亡为程序性细胞死亡(programmed cell death,PCD),而最新观念认为APO是形态学上的概念,PCD是发生机制上的概念,不是所有PCD都表现为APO,因而可以认为APO是PCD的一种形态学表现[1].1980年以来,细胞凋亡现象受到了广泛重视,有关的研究工作取得了重要进展,并成为医学生物学各学科所共同关注的极为活跃的研究领域[2-19].     

Ginger Root Extract Improves GI Health in Diabetic Rats by Improving Intestinal Integrity and Mitochondrial Function

Background Emerging research suggests hyperglycemia can increase intestinal permeability. Ginger and its bioactive compounds have been reported to benefit diabetic animals due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, we revealed the beneficial effect of gingerol-enriched ginger (GEG) on intestinal health (i.e., barrier function, mitochondrial function, and anti-inflammation) in diabetic rats. Methods Thirty-three male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to three groups: low-fat diet (control group), high-fat-diet (HFD) + streptozotocin (single low dose 35 mg/kg body weight (BW) after 2 weeks of HFD feeding) (DM group), and HFD + streptozotocin + 0.75% GEG in diet (GEG group) for 42 days. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) were conducted at baseline and prior to sample collection. Total pancreatic insulin content was determined by ELISA. Total RNA of intestinal tissues was extracted for mRNA expression using qRT-PCR. Results Compared to the DM group, the GEG group had improved glucose tolerance and increased pancreatic insulin content. Compared to those without GEG (DM group), GEG supplementation (GEG group) increased the gene expression of tight junction (Claudin-3) and antioxidant capacity (SOD1), while it decreased the gene expression for mitochondrial fusion (MFN1), fission (FIS1), biogenesis (PGC-1α, TFAM), mitophagy (LC3B, P62, PINK1), and inflammation (NF-κB). Conclusions Ginger root extract improved glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats, in part, via improving intestinal integrity and mitochondrial dysfunction of GI health.     

Maximizing the usefulness of hypnosis in forensic investigative settings

This is an article written for mental health professionals interested in using investigative hypnosis with law enforcement agencies in the effort to enhance the memory of witnesses and victims. Discussion focuses on how to work with law enforcement agencies so as to control for factors that can interfere with recall. Specifics include what police need to know about how to conduct case review, to prepare interviewees, to conduct interviews, and what to do with the results. Case examples are used to illustrate applications of this guidance in actual investigations.     

Heat transfer characteristics of current primary packaging systems for pharmaceutical freeze-drying

In the field of freeze-drying, the primary packaging material plays an essential role. Here, the packaging system not only contains and protects the drug product during storage and shipping, but it is also directly involved in the freeze-drying process itself. The heat transfer characteristics of the actual container system influence product temperature and therefore product homogeneity and quality as well as process performance. Consequently, knowledge of the container heat transfer characteristics is of vital importance for process optimization. It is the objective of this review article to provide a summary of research focused on heat transfer characteristics of different container systems for pharmaceutical freeze-drying. Besides the common tubing and molded glass vials and metal trays, more recent packaging solutions like polymer vials, LYOGUARD® trays, syringes, and blister packs are discussed. Recent developments in vial manufacturing are also taken into account.     

Small airway remodeling in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a study in autopsy lung tissue

Introduction  

Airway dysfunction in patients with the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is evidenced by expiratory flow limitation and dynamic hyperinflation. These functional alterations have been attributed to closure/obstruction of small airways. Airway morphological changes have been reported in experimental models of acute lung injury, characterized by epithelial necrosis and denudation in distal airways. To date, however, no study has focused on the morphological airway changes in lungs from human subjects with ARDS. The aim of this study is to evaluate structural and inflammatory changes in distal airways in ARDS patients.     

Effect of low-dose aprotinin on renal function after coronary after bypass grafting under cardiopulmonary bypass

Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery -