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131.
Behavioral risk factors for injury among rural adolescents. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
C S Alexander M E Ensminger M R Somerfield Y J Kim K E Johnson 《American journal of epidemiology》1992,136(6):673-685
This 3-year, longitudinal, prospective study examined behavioral risk factors for medically attended injuries among a cohort of 758 rural students from Maryland's Eastern Shore region who were 12-14 years of age in 1987. Students were surveyed annually in the eighth, ninth, and tenth grades with a self-administered questionnaire. Information was obtained on the number of injuries experienced, risk-taking behaviors, delinquency, alcohol and drug use, physical exercise and sports, parental supervision, and work experience. Information on the parents' education was obtained from a parental interview. Slightly more than half (53.5%) of the students reported having experienced one or more injuries in the eighth grade as compared with one-third of the students in ninth grade, and 38% of those in the tenth grade. Poisson regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of eighth grade variables with ninth grade injuries and ninth grade variables with tenth grade injuries. Results from these analyses indicated that, in addition to sex and race, a high degree of risk taking, frequent cruising, and having high and low parental supervision in the eighth grade significantly increased the number of injuries in ninth grade. In the tenth grade, risk taking continued to be associated with injuries. In addition, students who reported disciplinary problems in school, working 1-10 hours per week, drinking on 1-2 days during the past month, lifetime use of marijuana equal to 1-5 occasions, and involvement in sports experienced greater numbers of injuries in the tenth grade. 相似文献
132.
133.
Farsin Hamzei Michel Rijntjes Joystone Gbadamosi Kornelius Fuchs Cornelius Weiller Alexander Münchau 《Movement disorders》2003,18(8):959-961
We report on a woman with a an 8-year history of multiple system atrophy with predominance of parkinsonism who developed jaw-locking oromandibular dystonia within hours after insertion of ill-fitting dentures. Dystonia spread rapidly to involve other facial muscles and the larynx causing stridor with respiratory failure necessitating crush intubation. 相似文献
134.
Alan L Whone Sarah Von Spiczak Mark Edwards Enza-Maria Valente Alexander Hammers Kailash P Bhatia David J Brooks 《Movement disorders》2004,19(12):1498-1503
The opioid transmitters enkephalin and dynorphin are known to regulate pallidal output and consequently cortical excitability. Indeed, abnormal basal ganglia opioid transmission has been reported in several involuntary movement disorders, including levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease (PD), tardive dyskinesias/dystonia, Huntington's disease, and Tourette's syndrome. Moreover, a previous 11C-diprenorphine PET study investigating levodopa-induced dyskinesias found reduced opioid receptor availability in PD with but not without dyskinesias. We wished to investigate if a similar alteration in basal ganglia opioid binding was present in DYT1 primary torsion dystonia (PTD). Regional cerebral 11C-diprenorphine binding was investigated in 7 manifesting carriers of the DYT1 gene and 15 age-matched normal controls using a region-of-interest (ROI) approach and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). No difference in regional mean 11C-diprenorphine binding was found between DYT1-PTD and controls, and no correlation between the severity of dystonia and opioid binding was seen. We conclude that aberrant opioid transmission is unlikely to be present in DYT1-PTD and altered opioid transmission is not a common mechanism underlying all disorders of involuntary movement. 相似文献
135.
136.
Uli Bockholt Alexander Bisler Mario Becker Wolfgang Müller-Wittig Gerrit Voss 《Computer aided surgery》2003,8(6):310-315
Computer assisted operation planning systems are gaining increasing recognition in the field of surgery. These systems offer new possibilities for preparing an intervention, with the goal of reducing the amount of expensive operating-room time required for the intervention. The safest and most effective surgical approach should always be selected, but it is often difficult to transfer the output of the planning system to the intra-operative situation so that the planning results can be considered during the actual intervention. At the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics (IGD) in Darmstadt and the Centre for Advanced Media Technology (CAMTech) in Singapore methods are being developed to bridge the gap between the external planning session and the intra-operative case: Augmented Reality (AR) techniques are used to overlay preoperative scanned image data, as well as results of the planning session, on the operation field. 相似文献
137.
138.
Gordon Winocur Fergus I M Craik Brian Levine Ian H Robertson Malcolm A Binns Michael Alexander Sandra Black Deirdre Dawson Heather Palmer Tara McHugh Donald T Stuss 《Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society》2007,13(1):166-171
This study provides an overview of the papers emanating from the experimental trial that evaluated a new cognitive rehabilitation program in older adults who were experiencing normal cognitive decline. The main features of the design are summarized, along with evidence that the training produced long-lasting improvement in memory performance, goal management, and psychosocial status. The benefits were attributed to several factors, including the program's emphasis on techniques that promoted efficient strategic processing. Limitations of the program and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
139.
Annette A van Kuijk Jaco W Pasman Henk T Hendricks Jurgen H Schelhaas Machiel J Zwarts Alexander C Geurts 《Journal of clinical neurophysiology》2007,24(6):450-455
The primary goal of this study was to identify secondary functional changes in the peripheral motor units of the paretic upper extremity (UE) in patients with severe ischemic stroke and to determine how these changes develop during the first weeks after stroke. An inception cohort of 27 consecutive patients with an acute ischemic supratentorial stroke and an initial UE paralysis was compared with 10 healthy control subjects. The ulnar nerve was electrically stimulated proximal to the wrist and electromyographic recordings were obtained from the abductor digiti minimi muscle. Hemiparetic side mean values of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) 1 and 3 weeks after stroke were compared with the nonparetic side and with CMAP values obtained from healthy control subjects. The mean CMAP amplitude in patients was significantly lower on the paretic side compared with the nonparetic side and with control subjects. Decrease in CMAP amplitude was observed in more than half of the stroke patients, sometimes as early as 4 days after stroke, and persisted in most cases. Whenever present, it was accompanied by absence of motor recovery at that specific time after stroke. Decreased CMAP amplitude in the abductor digiti minimi muscle can be seen already in the very acute phases after stroke unrelated to peripheral neuropathy, radiculopathy, or plexopathy, and it is accompanied by absence of UMN recovery. This knowledge is important for interpreting electrophysiological data in stroke patients. 相似文献
140.
Menahem Neuman Boris Friedman Avi Stein A. Ami Sidi Alexander Tsivian 《Gynecological surgery》2007,4(3):175-178
The objective of the study was to compare the clinical outcomes at the short-term follow-ups of two novel transobturator mid-urethral
sling procedures – the transobturator tape (TOT) procedure and the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT)-obturator procedure. The
study cohort consisted two groups of 40 women with urodynamically proven stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The patients in
one group underwent the TOT procedure, performed according to Delorme (Prog Urol 11:1306–1313, 2001); those in the second
group underwent the TVT-obturator operation, performed according to de Leval (Eur Urol 44:724–730, 2003). Intra-operative
diagnostic cystoscopy was not performed with either the TVT-obturator or the TOT procedures. The average follow-up was 12 months.
The two patient groups were similar in terms of demographic and therapeutic criteria, except for patient age, which was significantly
younger in the TVT-obturator group. Previously reported TVT-related operative complications, such as bladder penetration,
intra-operative bleeding, field infection and post-operative pelvic floor relaxation, were not observed in patients of either
group. Bowel and urethral injuries were also not recorded. The therapeutic failure rates were 10% for the TOT procedure and
5% for the TVT-obturator procedure. Urinary frequency and urgency post-operatively were reported in 25% of the TOT patients
and 19% of the TVT-obturator patients, pelvic or vaginal pain affected 10% of the TOT and 5% of the TVT-obturator patients,
while post-operative voiding difficulty was experienced by 12.5% of the TOT and 7.5% of the TVT-obturator patients. None of
the above-mentioned differences between the two patient groups were of statistical significance. The TVT-obturator and TOT
procedures, both minimally invasive, novel, mid-urethral sling procedures, seem to be safe, easy-to-perform and effective
in treating female SUI. The patients of both study groups suffered less intra- and post-operative surgical complications than
previously been reported in connection with the TVT operation. The TVT-obturator patients had fewer therapeutic failures,
less post-operative urinary frequency and urgency, less pelvic pain and less voiding difficulty. All of these findings, however,
had no statistical significance; consequently, long-term comparative data collection will be required before solid conclusions
can be drawn on the superiority of either of these two operative techniques. 相似文献