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31.
ObjectiveIntact faces and bodies elicit two prominent electrophysiological components (P100 and N170). The N170 is thought to be related to the structural encoding and configural processing of faces and bodies. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether intact faces and bodies as well as scrambled faces and bodies elicit the same component. This would imply that similar as faces, bodies are encoded as a whole.MethodsWe used a matching to sample task and two manipulations validated as an assessment of configural processing in previous studies: the inversion effect and intact versus scrambled stimulus presentation.ResultsFor both categories, performance was better for intact compared to scrambled stimuli. Additionally, stimulus distortion seems to abolish the body but not the face inversion effect. On the electrophysiological level, we found enhanced N170 amplitudes for intact faces and bodies compared to scrambled stimuli. The opposite pattern engaged in the time-window of the P100. Furthermore, for the N170 we observed an inversion effect for intact but not scrambled bodies.ConclusionsFirst-order relational information are important for the perception of bodies and might be processed in the N170 time-window. Disrupting this information interacts with the inversion effect.SignificanceThe current data suggest that faces and bodies might be processed by distinct mechanisms as the experimental manipulation affected faces in a different way than bodies. 相似文献
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Abraham Martín Nuria Vázquez-Villoldo Vanessa Gómez-Vallejo Daniel Padro Federico N. Soria Boguslaw Szczupak Sandra Plaza-García Ander Arrieta Torsten Reese Jordi Llop Maria Domercq Carlos Matute 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》2016,43(6):1124-1138
Purpose
Glutamate excitotoxicity contributes to oligodendroglial and axonal damage in multiple sclerosis pathology. Extracellular glutamate concentration in the brain is controlled by cystine/glutamate antiporter (system xc-), a membrane antiporter that imports cystine and releases glutamate. Despite this, the system xc? activity and its connection to the inflammatory reaction in multiple sclerosis (MS) is largely unknown.Methods
Longitudinal in vivo magnetic resonance (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies with 2-[18F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG), [11C]-(R)-(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-1(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide ([11C]PK11195) and (4S)-4-(3-18F-fluoropropyl)-L-glutamate ([18F]FSPG) were carried out during the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induction in rats.Results
[18F]FSPG showed a significant increase of system xc? function in the lumbar section of the spinal cord at 14 days post immunization (dpi) that stands in agreement with the neurological symptoms and ventricle edema formation at this time point. Likewise, [18F]FDG did not show significant changes in glucose metabolism throughout central nervous system and [11C]PK11195 evidenced a significant increase of microglial/macrophage activation in spinal cord and cerebellum 2 weeks after EAE induction. Therefore, [18F]FSPG showed a major capacity to discriminate regions of the central nervous system affected by the MS in comparison to [18F]FDG and [11C]PK11195. Additionally, clodronate-treated rats showed a depletion in microglial population and [18F]FSPG PET signal in spinal cord confirming a link between neuroinflammatory reaction and cystine/glutamate antiporter activity in EAE rats.Conclusions
Altogether, these results suggest that in vivo PET imaging of system xc? could become a valuable tool for the diagnosis and treatment evaluation of MS.34.
Natalia Moreno-Castellanos Rocío Guzmán-Ruiz David A. Cano Ainara Madrazo-Atutxa Juan R. Peinado Jose L. Pereira-Cunill Pedro Pablo García-Luna Salvador Morales-Conde Maria Socas-Macias Rafael Vázquez-Martínez Alfonso Leal-Cerro María M. Malagón 《Obesity surgery》2016,26(8):1757-1767
Background
Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction in obesity is commonly linked to insulin resistance and promotes the development of metabolic disease. Bariatric surgery (BS) represents an effective strategy to reduce weight and to improve metabolic health in morbidly obese subjects. However, the mechanisms and pathways that are modified in AT in response to BS are not fully understood, and few information is still available as to whether these may vary depending on the metabolic status of obese subjects.Methods
Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) samples were obtained from morbidly obese women (n?=?18) before and 13.3?±?0.37 months after BS. Obese women were stratified into two groups: normoglycemic (NG; Glu?<?100 mg/dl, HbA1c <5.7 %) or insulin resistant (IR; Glu 100–126 mg/dl, HbA1c 5.7–6.4 %) (n?=?9/group). A multi-comparative proteomic analysis was employed to identify differentially regulated SAT proteins by BS and/or the degree of insulin sensitivity. Serum levels of metabolic, inflammatory, and anti-oxidant markers were also analyzed.Results
Before surgery, NG and IR subjects exhibited differences in AT proteins related to inflammation, metabolic processes, the cytoskeleton, and mitochondria. BS caused comparable weight reductions and improved glucose homeostasis in both groups. However, BS caused dissimilar changes in metabolic enzymes, inflammatory markers, cytoskeletal components, mitochondrial proteins, and angiogenesis regulators in NG and IR women.Conclusions
BS evokes significant molecular rearrangements indicative of improved AT function in morbidly obese women at either low or high metabolic risk, though selective adaptive changes in key cellular processes occur depending on the initial individual’s metabolic status.35.
Deletion of integrin-linked kinase from skeletal muscles of mice resembles muscular dystrophy due to alpha 7 beta 1-integrin deficiency 下载免费PDF全文
Gheyara AL Vallejo-Illarramendi A Zang K Mei L St-Arnaud R Dedhar S Reichardt LF 《The American journal of pathology》2007,171(6):1966-1977
Integrin-linked kinase (Ilk) is a serine/threonine kinase and an adaptor protein that links integrins to the actin cytoskeleton and to a number of signaling pathways involved in integrin action. We hypothesized that Ilk may act as an important effector of integrins in skeletal muscle, where these receptors provide a critical link between the sarcolemma and the extracellular matrix. Using the cre/lox system, we deleted Ilk from skeletal muscles of mice. The resulting mutants developed a progressive muscular dystrophy with multiple degenerating and regenerating muscle fibers, increased central nuclei, and endomysial fibrosis. These defects were widespread but were most severe near myofascial junctions where Ilk mutants showed displacement of focal adhesion-related proteins, including vinculin, paxillin, focal adhesion kinase, dystrophin, and the alpha 7 beta 1D-integrin subunits. Distal ends of mutant muscle fibers appeared irregular, and there was restructuring of the actin cytoskeleton. These findings resemble those seen in humans and mice lacking the alpha 7-integrin subunit and suggest that Ilk may act as a cytoplasmic effector of alpha 7 beta1-integrin in the pathogenesis of these deficiencies. 相似文献
36.
Muñoz P Giannella M Valerio M Soria T Díaz F Longo JL Bouza E 《Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease》2007,57(4):443-446
Infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor, is increasingly used for the therapy of different inflammatory conditions. We report the first case of cryptococcal meningitis in a patient treated with infliximab and other immunosuppressive agents, and review a further 5 reported cryptococcal infections. All of them involved fungal pneumonia. Outcome was favorable in all cases. 相似文献
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Ginès A Vazquez-Sequeiros E Soria MT Clain JE Wiersema MJ 《Gastrointestinal endoscopy》2002,56(2):291-296
BACKGROUND: Localization of neuroendocrine tumors may be challenging. The role of EUS-FNA in this setting is unknown. METHODS: Ten patients with clinically suspected functioning neuroendocrine tumors (hormonal disturbances) underwent EUS-FNA to determine the location and to confirm the diagnosis cytologically. OBSERVATIONS: EUS identified 14 tumors in these 10 patients. In all but one patient CT did not demonstrate the tumor or missed at least one of multiple lesions. Mean tumor size was 12 mm (range 4-25 mm). Tumor locations were pancreas (n = 13) and duodenal wall (n = 1). Eleven of the 14 detected lesions were aspirated under EUS with accurate diagnosis in all cases. Surgical confirmation of EUS-FNA findings was available in 7 patients. There was no complication of EUS-FNA. CONCLUSIONS: EUS is a highly accurate technique for visualization of small functioning neuroendocrine tumors not evident on CT and for identification of patients with multiple lesions. EUS-FNA safely provides cytologic confirmation with high accuracy in these patients. 相似文献
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María Eugenia Soria Carlos García-Crespo Brenda Martínez-González Lucía Vázquez-Sirvent Rebeca Lobo-Vega Ana Isabel de ávila Isabel Gallego Qian Chen Damir García-Cehic Meritxell Llorens-Revull Carlos Briones Jordi Gómez Cristina Ferrer-Orta Nuria Verdaguer Josep Gregori Francisco Rodríguez-Frías María Buti Juan Ignacio Esteban Esteban Domingo Josep Quer Celia Perales 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2020,58(12)