基于磁共振图像的脑皮层厚度测量方法

基于磁共振图像的脑皮层厚度测量方法,是在图像处理的基础上对脑灰质组织结构进行活体定量估计的一种新的技术.本文介绍了脑皮层厚度测量与分析方法的基本流程,并将现有几种流行的测量方法进行总结和归纳,最后比较分析了这些算法的测量精度和运行速度.     

应用超声二维斑点追踪成像技术评价扩张型心肌病患者左室扭转的初步研究

目的应用超声二维斑点追踪显像技术(STI)探讨扩张型心肌病患者(DCM)左室扭转(LVtw)运动特征。方法DCM患者33例,年龄匹配的健康志愿者30例。经胸采集3个心动周期标准左室基底部及心尖部短轴二维图像并存贮,运用Echo PAC超声工作站进行脱机分析,获取每个切面的旋转值。左室扭转值定义为左室心尖部旋转值与心底部旋转值的差值。对不同研究对象间心率差异进行时间校标。结果从左室心尖来看,正常人LVtw运动主要表现为心底部顺时针旋转和心尖部逆时针旋转,心脏整体表现为心动周期内逆时针方向为主的扭转运动。DCM患者LVtw运动于收缩期仍维持心底部顺时针旋转、心尖部逆时针旋转及心脏整体收缩期逆时针方向的扭转运动,但其左室扭转峰值[(6.56±2.19)°/(14.44±1.55)°,P<0.001]显著减低。左室峰值扭转与左心功能显著正相关,相关关系密切(Spearman相关系数r=0.762,P=0.00)。结论DCM患者组收缩期左室扭转值减低对于左室收缩功能有很大影响。STI技术为准确地评估左心室扭转运动特征提供了全新的定量工具,具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

术中冠脉血流显像技术评价急性心肌梗死犬心肌血流灌注的研究

目的探讨术中冠脉血流显像（CFI）技术观察急性心肌梗死犬心肌血流灌注的应用价值。方法18只健康开胸杂种犬于前降支分出第一对角支后约1 cm处结扎3小时建立急性心肌梗死模型。分别于结扎前、结扎3小时后应用i13L高频探头观察前降支远端及前壁心尖段心肌内血流灌注程度、血流方向,并测量心肌内冠脉血流速度,同时在以上观察时点经股静脉匀速推注造影剂（C3F8）行心肌声学造影（MCE）检查对照。结果18只犬均成功建立急性心肌梗死模型。结扎前降支3 h后,根据MCE显示前壁心尖段有无造影剂充填分为无侧支循环形成组（A组）和侧支循环形成不充分组（B组）,A组10只犬中,CFI显示60%（6/10）未见血流信号显示,40%（4/10）前壁心尖段内仅见星点状血流信号。B组7只犬中,CFI则均显示有少量血流信号,与基础状态相比,舒张期峰值血流速度（D-Vmax）、收缩期峰值血流速度（S- Vmax）及D-Vmax/S-Vmax比值均明显降低（P〈0.05）。另有1只犬MCE显示前壁心尖段造影剂充填良好,CFI亦显示丰富的血流信号,舒张期峰值血流速度（0.65 m/s）快于基础状态峰值血流速度（0.28 m/s）。结论术中冠脉血流显像技术能直观、无创、敏感地显示心肌血流灌注状态,与MCE比较,能更敏感的反映心肌血流灌注。     

超声内镜对胃隆起性病变的诊断价值

目的:评估超声内镜在胃隆起性病变诊断中的应用价值.方法:应用超声内镜及超声小探头对278例胃隆起性病变进行超声检查.结果:息肉21例,平滑肌瘤143例,平滑肌肉瘤10例,脂肪瘤16例,异位胰腺12例,静脉曲张7例,壁外压迫69例.对起源于黏膜层、黏膜肌层及黏膜下层的部分病变进行内镜治疗,对起源于黏膜下层、固有肌层的部分病变进行腹腔镜联合内镜或手术治疗,对胃黏膜下隆起性病变的总诊断符合率超声内镜为93.0%,明显高于胃镜(61.5%).结论:超声内镜可对胃隆起性病变的起源、范围及大小作出准确判断,对黏膜下肿瘤治疗方案的选择具有重要的指导价值.     

静脉输液拔针后按压方法的研究

目的 探讨静脉输液拔针后局部按压的最佳方法,最大限度地保护患者的血管.方法 将620例患者随机分成2组,设为对照组和观察组各310例,分别采用交换式按压(传统按压法)和非交换式按压(小鱼际肌直接按压法)进行对比研究.结果 观察组在静脉输液拔针后疼痛、针眼出血、皮下淤血等次数均明显低于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 静脉输液拔针后采用小鱼际肌直接按压优于传统的按压法,值得临床推广.     

Evaluation of the echinocandin antifungal MK-0991 (L-743,872): efficacies in mouse models of disseminated aspergillosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcosis.

The in vivo activity of the Merck antifungal echinocandin drug candidate MK-0991 (L-743,872) was evaluated in mouse models of disseminated candidiasis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis. The echinocandins are potent inhibitors of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase. Two models of disseminated candidiasis were used. In a Candida albicans mouse survival model with both DBA/2N and CD-1 mice, estimates of the 50% effective doses (ED50s) of MK-0991 were 0.04 and 0.10 mg/kg of body weight/dose at 21 days after challenge, respectively. In a C. albicans target organ assay (TOA) with DBA/2N mice, MK-0991 at levels of > or =0.09 mg/kg/dose significantly reduced the numbers of C. albicans CFU/g of kidneys compared to the numbers in the kidneys of control mice from 1 to 28 days after challenge. Even when given as a single intraperitoneal dose either 30 min or 24 h after challenge, MK-0991 was effective and significantly reduced the numbers of C. albicans CFU/g of kidney compared to those in the controls. MK-0991 was >300-fold less active when it was administered orally than when it was administered parenterally. MK-0991 was efficacious in mouse TOAs against other C. albicans strains and Candida species including Candida tropicalis, Candida (Torulopsis) glabrata, Candida lusitaniae, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida krusei. MK-0991 was ineffective against disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans infections. In the model of disseminated aspergillosis in mice, MK-0991 at doses of > or =0.02 mg/kg/dose significantly prolonged the survival of DBA/2N mice, with estimates of the ED50 and ED90 of MK-0991 being 0.03 and 0.12 mg/kg/dose, respectively, at 28 days after challenge. MK-0991 is a potent, parenterally administered therapeutic agent against disseminated candidiasis and aspergillosis that warrants further investigation in human clinical trials.     

New model of oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal colonization by Candida albicans in CD4+ T-cell-deficient mice for evaluation of antifungal agents.

A new model for the evaluation of antifungal compounds against oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal mucosal colonization by Candida albicans was developed. To simulate the immune deficiency observed in AIDS patients, mice were depleted of CD4+ T lymphocytes by the injection of either GK1.5 hybridoma cells or purified anti-CD4+ T lymphocytes by the injection of either GK1.5 hybridoma cells or purified anti-CD4+ monoclonal antibody derived from GK1.5 hybridoma cells in tissue culture. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of splenic lymphocytes confirmed the elimination of the CD4+ T-cell population. Gentamicin, a broad-spectrum, nonabsorbable aminoglycoside antibiotic, was given via the drinking water to reduce the normal gastrointestinal microflora, allowing less competition for colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by the C. albicans isolates. Mice were challenged by gavage and swabbing their oral mucosae with a pure culture of C. albicans. Gentamicin was withdrawn 3 days postchallenge, and antifungal compounds were administered via the drinking water ad libitum at concentrations ranging from 25 to 400 micrograms/ml. L-693989, a water-soluble phosphorylated cyclic lipopeptide prodrug of pneumocandin Bo, and L-733560, a semisynthetic derivative of pneumocandin Bo, are inhibitors of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthesis that exhibit potent in vivo anti-Candida spp. and anti-Pneumocystis carinii activities. The efficacies of L-693989, L-733560, fluconazole, ketoconazole, and nystatin were evaluated in this new oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal model of mucosal colonization. L-693989, L-733560, fluconazole, and ketoconazole showed superior efficacies in reducing the numbers of C. albicans CFU per gram of feces and the numbers of oral CFU relative to those in sham-treated controls in this model, while nystatin was moderately effective in reducing oral and fecal colonization by C. albicans in this model.     

实时三平面超声心动图评价右室容积和功能的临床应用

目的探讨超声实时三平面(tri-plane)法测量右室容积和功能的可行性和准确性.方法应用tri-plane法测量36例健康成人的右室舒张末期容积(RVEDV)、右室收缩末期容积(RVESV)、右室每搏量(RVSV).同时,应用二维超声心动图(2DE)双平面Simpson's法测量左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV),并计算左室每搏量(LVSV).结果Tri-plane法和2DE双平面法的各项测值之间均具良好的相关性.结论超声实时三平面法能准确测量右室容积与功能,为临床上快速、简便、无创地评价右心功能提供了一种新方法.     

严重烧伤对红细胞膜胆固醇含量及红细胞滤过指数的影响

目的　研究严重烧伤患者早期红细胞膜胆固醇与红细胞滤过指数的变化及意义。方法　利用核孔滤膜法测量红细胞滤过指数 ,使用化学修饰电极测量红细胞膜胆固醇。结果　严重烧伤患者早期与对照组比较红细胞滤过指数显著下降 ,而红细胞膜胆固醇则显著升高 (P <0 0 1) ,且二者呈高度负相关 (r =- 0 80 1)。结论　严重烧伤患者早期红细胞膜胆固醇含量的升高 ,有可能是引起红细胞滤过指数下降的一个重要原因。     

如意珠黄膏治疗老年Ⅱ期压疮的临床研究

目的探讨祖传中药如意珠黄膏治疗Ⅱ期压疮的疗效。方法应用随机方法将142例入选病例分为观察组(如意珠黄膏组)和对照组(碘伏 庆大霉素)进行对比研究。结果观察组治愈率100%,对照组治愈率34.28%;观察组总有效率为100%,对照组为78.57%;观察组比对照组平均治愈时间明显缩短(P<0.001);有统计学意义。结论如意珠黄膏治疗Ⅱ期压疮明显优于碘伏 庆大霉素。