全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2399篇 |
免费 | 164篇 |
国内免费 | 48篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 35篇 |
儿科学 | 40篇 |
妇产科学 | 26篇 |
基础医学 | 357篇 |
口腔科学 | 47篇 |
临床医学 | 237篇 |
内科学 | 566篇 |
皮肤病学 | 91篇 |
神经病学 | 192篇 |
特种医学 | 183篇 |
外科学 | 306篇 |
综合类 | 31篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 93篇 |
眼科学 | 30篇 |
药学 | 200篇 |
中国医学 | 24篇 |
肿瘤学 | 152篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 32篇 |
2021年 | 71篇 |
2020年 | 31篇 |
2019年 | 49篇 |
2018年 | 71篇 |
2017年 | 58篇 |
2016年 | 71篇 |
2015年 | 92篇 |
2014年 | 140篇 |
2013年 | 152篇 |
2012年 | 175篇 |
2011年 | 204篇 |
2010年 | 144篇 |
2009年 | 128篇 |
2008年 | 160篇 |
2007年 | 133篇 |
2006年 | 119篇 |
2005年 | 110篇 |
2004年 | 96篇 |
2003年 | 71篇 |
2002年 | 86篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 27篇 |
1998年 | 32篇 |
1997年 | 37篇 |
1996年 | 31篇 |
1995年 | 24篇 |
1994年 | 21篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有2611条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
93.
Ho‐Joong Kim Jin S. Yeom Yong‐Gon Koh Jee‐Eun Yeo Kyoung‐Tak Kang Young‐Mi Kang Bong‐Soon Chang Choon‐Ki Lee 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2014,32(4):551-556
The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti‐inflammatory effect of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) with collagen matrix on human nucleus pulposus (NP) cell in response to pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1 (IL‐1). NP cells from human disks were cultured in a monolayer and maintained in the collagen matrix prior to the addition of recombinant human IL‐1 and TNF‐α. After applying IL‐1 and TNF‐α, PRP prepared by using a commercially available platelet concentration system was added. The response was investigated using real‐time PCR for mRNA expression of type II collagen, aggrecan, matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3), and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2). The combination of IL‐1β and TNF‐α led to decrease of matrix synthesis gene expression such as collagen type II and aggrecan and increase of the degradation gene expression of COX‐2 and MMP‐3, compared to the control. Consecutive PRP exposure significantly recovered the down‐regulated gene expression of collagen type II and aggrecan and significantly reduced the increased MMP‐3 and COX‐2 gene expression, compared to that of control groups with pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The administration of PRP with collagen matrix markedly suppressed cytokine‐induced pro‐inflammatory degrading enzymes and mediators in the NP cell. It also rescued gene expression concerning matrix synthesis, thereby stabilizing NP cell differentiation. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:551–556, 2014. 相似文献
94.
Jong Seok Lee Kui-Jin Kim Young-Hyun Kim Dan-Bi Kim Gi-Hae Shin Ju-Hyun Cho Bong Kyun Kim Boo-Yong Lee Ok-Hwan Lee 《Nutrients》2014,6(11):4663-4677
Codonopsis lanceolata extract (CLE) has been used in traditional medicine in the Asian-Pacific region for the treatment of bronchitis, cough, and inflammation. However, it is still unclear whether obesity in mice can be altered by diet supplementation with CLE. To investigate whether CLE could have preventative effects on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, male C57BL/6 mice were placed on either a normal chow diet, 60% HFD, or a HFD supplemented with CLE (60, 180, and 360 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. CLE decreased body weight and subcutaneous and visceral fat weights in HFD-induced obese mice. CLE group mice showed lower fat accumulation and a smaller adipocyte area in the adipose tissue compared with the HFD group mice. CLE group mice exhibited lower serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose, and insulin compared with the HFD group mice. In addition, CLE decreased liver weight and lowered the increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in HFD-induced obese mice. These results indicate that CLE can inhibit the development of diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6 mice. 相似文献
95.
Femke?DH?Koedijk Birgit?HB?van BenthemEmail author Eliane?MDC?Vrolings Wim?Zuilhof Marianne?AB?van der Sande 《Emerging themes in epidemiology》2014,11(1):12
Background
Men having sex with men (MSM) remain the largest high-risk group involved in on-going transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STI), including HIV, in the Netherlands. As risk behaviour may change with age, it is important to explore potential heterogeneity in risks by age. To improve our understanding of this epidemic, we analysed the prevalence of and risk factors for selected STI in MSM attending STI clinics in the Netherlands by age group.Methods
Analysis of data from the national STI surveillance system for the period 2006–2012. Selected STI were chlamydia, gonorrhoea, infectious syphilis and/or a new HIV infection. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with these selected STI and with overall STI positivity. Analyses were done separately for MSM aged younger than 25 years and MSM aged 25 years and older.Results
In young MSM a significant increase in positivity rate was seen over time (p?<?0.01), mainly driven by increasing gonorrhoea diagnoses, while in MSM aged 25 and older a significant decrease was observed (p?<?0.01). In multivariate analyses for young MSM, those who were involved in commercial sex were at higher risk (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2-1.9). For MSM aged 25 years and older this was not the case. Having a previous negative HIV test was protective among older MSM compared to those not tested for HIV before (OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.8-0.8), but not among younger MSM.Conclusions
MSM visiting STI clinics remain a high-risk group for STI infections and transmission, but are not a homogenous group. While in MSM aged older than 25 years, STI positivity rate is decreasing, positivity rate in young MSM increased over time. Therefore specific attention needs to be paid towards targeted counselling and reaching particular MSM sub-groups, taken into account different behavioural profiles.96.
Selective autophagy has emerged as a key mechanism of quality and quantity control responsible for the autophagic degradation of specific subcellular organelles and materials. In addition, a specific type of selective autophagy (xenophagy) is also activated as a line of defense against invading intracellular pathogens, such as viruses. However, viruses have evolved strategies to counteract the host’s antiviral defense and even to activate some proviral types of selective autophagy, such as mitophagy, for their successful infection and replication. This review discusses the current knowledge on the regulation of selective autophagy by human herpesviruses. 相似文献
97.
Sunyoung Kang Tae Jung Oh Be Long Cho Yong Soon Park Eun Roh Hyeon Ju Kim Sam-Gyu Lee Bong Jo Kim Miji Kim Chang Won Won Hak Chul Jang 《Journal of diabetes investigation.》2021,12(2):155-164
Aims/IntroductionWe aimed to examine the prevalence of sarcopenia and frailty in Korean older adults with diabetes compared with individuals without diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed the data of 2,403 participants aged 70–84 years enrolled in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health. Frailty was assessed by the Cardiovascular Health Study frailty phenotype criteria.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 76.0 ± 3.9 years, and 47.2% were men. The prevalence of diabetes was 30.2% in men and 25.8% in women. Adults with diabetes showed a lower muscle mass index (appendicular skeletal muscle mass/body mass index) and handgrip strength in both sexes, but only the women showed decreased physical performance. Women with diabetes presented a higher prevalence of sarcopenia diagnosed by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health criteria, and frailty compared with participants without diabetes (sarcopenia 14.7% vs 8.5%, P = 0.001; frailty 9.5% vs 4.9%, P = 0.003). Men in the high and middle tertiles for homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance presented a significantly higher prevalence of sarcopenia, compared with men in the low tertile homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (high tertile 16.6%, middle tertile 13.3%, low tertile 8.6%).ConclusionsIn older adults with diabetes, muscle mass index and muscle strength were lower than in those without diabetes. However, the prevalence of sarcopenia and frailty was higher and physical performance was lower only in women with diabetes. 相似文献
98.
99.
Autoantibody against erythrocyte protein 4.1 in a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wakui H; Imai H; Kobayashi R; Itoh H; Notoya T; Yoshida K; Nakamoto Y; Miura AB 《Blood》1988,72(2):408-412
We observed the presence of a new autoantibody, anti-erythrocyte protein 4.1, in a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Western blotting analysis revealed that IgG from the patient's plasma reacted with erythrocyte protein 4.1. However, among other patients with hemolytic diseases (six having AIHA and three each having either hereditary spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, or lead poisoning) as well as among control subjects, no antibody activity to protein 4.1 was observed. In addition to the anti-protein 4.1 antibody, two different kinds of anti-erythrocyte antibodies were detected by conventional serological studies in this patient. One of them was an anti-Ena-like antibody in the eluate from the patient's erythrocytes, while another was the anti-S-specific antibody in the plasma. An elution study and an absorption study using S antigen-positive erythrocytes demonstrated that the anti-protein 4.1 antibody differed from both the anti-Ena-like antibody and the anti-S antibody. Familial analysis of the patient revealed the same antibody in her brother, who did not have hemolytic anemia. These results demonstrate that anti-protein 4.1 antibody is considered to be included in the spectrum of anti-cytoskeleton autoantibodies, which have been observed in patients having increased cell lysis as well as in healthy subjects. 相似文献
100.
Deisseroth AB; Zu Z; Claxton D; Hanania EG; Fu S; Ellerson D; Goldberg L; Thomas M; Janicek K; Anderson WF 《Blood》1994,83(10):3068-3076
Relapse after autologous bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) can be due either to the persistence of leukemia cells in systemic tissues following preparative therapy, or due to the persistence of leukemia cells in the autologous marrow used to restore marrow function after intensive therapy. To help distinguish between these two possible causes of relapse, we used safety-modified retroviruses, which contain the bacterial resistance gene NEO, to mark autologous marrow cells that had been collected from patients early in the phase of hematopoietic recovery after in vivo chemotherapy. The cells were then subjected to ex vivo CD34 selection following collection and 30% of the bone marrow were exposed to a safety-modified virus. This marrow was infused after delivery of systemic therapy, which consisted of total body irradiation (1,020 cGy), cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg), and VP-16 (750 mg/m2). RT PCR assays specific for the bacterial NEO mRNA, which was coded for by the virus, and the bcr-abl mRNA showed that in two evaluable CML patients transplanted with marked cells, sufficient numbers of leukemia cells remained in the infused marrow to contribute to systemic relapse. In addition, both normal and leukemic cells positive for the retroviral transgenome persisted in the systemic circulation of the patients for at least 280 days posttransplant showing that the infused marrow was responsible for the return of hematopoiesis following the preparative therapy. This observation shows that it is possible to use a replication-incompetent safety-modified retrovirus in order to introduce DNA sequences into the hematopoietic cells of patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation. Moreover, this data suggested that additional fractionation procedures will be necessary to reduce the probability of relapse after bone marrow transplantation in at least the advanced stages of the disease in CML patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation procedures. 相似文献