Effects of N-acetylcysteine on expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in diabetic nephropathy rats

Objective To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in renal cortex of diabetic nephropathy rats.Methods A rat model of DN was established.The rats were randomly divided into control group,DN group and NAC group.After 8 weeks treatment,urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) was determined.The expression of TGF-β1 in renal cortex was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis.Pathomorphological changes of renal cortex were observed.Results (1)The levels of UA ER were significantly higher in DN group and NAC group [(1268.3±297.5) μg/24 h and (315.9-±86.8) μg/24 h] than in control group [(31.2±8.9) μg/24 h,q-29.85,16.76,both P＜0.01].The groups of DN and NAC versus group of control showed the increased levels of activity of TGF-β1 in renal cortex [immune-histochemistry index of glomerular mesangial area:7.35±1.17 and 3.87 ± 0.71 vs.1.95±0.34,q= 10.75,5.82,both P＜0.01];immune-histochemistry index of renal tubulointerstitium [21.21± 3.78 and 10.67±1.86 vs.3.62±0.79,q=15.20,11.36,both P＜0.01];the expression of mRNA in renal cortex[0.72±0.06 and 0.45±0.05 vs.0.23±0.04,q=9.13,7.45,both P＜0.01].The pathomorphological changes were significant in DN group and NAC group.(2)The NAC group versus DN group showed a decreased levels of UAER (q=8.17,P＜0.01),activity of TGF-β1 in renal cortex [immune-histochemistry index of glomerular mesangial area:q= 4.97,P＜0.01]immune-histochemistry index of renal tubulointerstitium (q = 6.86,P ＜ 0.01 );the expression of mRNA in renal cortex (q= 3.69,P＜0.05) and showed improvement of pathomorphology in renal cortex.(3) There was a significantly positive correlation between expression quantity of TGF-β1 mRNA in renal cortex and UAER level in NAC group(r= 0.749,P＜0.05).Conclusions The protective effects of NAC on the kidney of DN rats may be partly related with inhibition on the expression of TGF-β1.     

短期胰岛素强化治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能的影响

目的观察短期胰岛素强化治疗对初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴功能及相关代谢指标的影响。方法对29例初诊T2DM患者进行为期约2周〔平均(12.7±2.7)d〕的胰岛素强化治疗(持续皮下胰岛素输注或多次皮下胰岛素注射)。比较治疗前后8:00、16:00、24:00患者的血浆皮质醇、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)水平及24h尿总皮质醇(UTC)水平,血糖〔空腹血糖(FPG)、糖负荷后2h血糖(2hPG)〕、血脂〔总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)〕及超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,计算胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-β)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和糖负荷后早相胰岛β细胞分泌指数(△I30′/△G30′)。结果经短期胰岛素强化治疗后,患者8:00、16:00、24:00血浆皮质醇水平〔分别为(508±188)nmol/L、(170±96)nmol/L、(40±29)nmol/L〕及24hUTC〔(956±410)nmol/24h〕与治疗前〔分别为(609±260)nmol/L、(291±167)nmol/L、(94±98)nmol/L和(1488±727)nmol/24h〕比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);但各时点血浆ACTH水平与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后患者FPG、2hPG、TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP水平及HOMA-IR〔分别为(7.1±1.2)mmol/L、(18.9±2.9)mmol/L、(3.9±0.9)mmol/L、(1.3±0.6)mmol/L、(2.2±0.7)mmol/L、(1.0±1.1)mg/L、(1.8±1.3)〕较治疗前〔分别为(12.9±3.0)mmol/L、(27.0±5.2)mmol/L、(4.9±1.3)mmol/L、(3.2±3.7)mmol/L、(2.9±1.0)mmol/L、(2.6±2.8)mg/L和(3.7±3.5)〕降低,而HDL-C水平及HOMA-β、△I30′/△G30′〔分别为(1.16±0.30)mmol/L、(38±27)和(2.3±2.4)〕较治疗前〔分别为(1.04±0.29)mmol/L、(17±16)和(1.0±1.1)〕增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论短期胰岛素强化治疗能明显改善初诊T2DM患者的糖脂代谢和胰岛分泌功能,缓解胰岛素抵抗,有效降低血、尿皮质醇水平,促进HPA轴功能恢复。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定盐酸金刚烷胺颗粒中盐酸金刚烷胺的含量

目的:建立HPLC-ELSD法测定盐酸金刚烷胺颗粒中盐酸金刚烷胺的含量。方法:采用C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.06%三氟乙酸溶液(20︰80),流速1.0 mL.min-1,柱温30℃,进样量10μL;检测器为ELSD,漂移管温度55℃,雾化气体为空气,载气流速为2.0 L.min-1。结果:盐酸金刚烷胺的线性浓度范围为80.48～281.68μg.mL-1(r=0.9991);平均回收率(n=9)为100.3%(RSD=0.9%)。结论:本方法较标准方法简便、可靠、准确,适合盐酸金刚烷胺颗粒的质量控制。     

二乙氧基乙醇雄性大鼠生殖系统毒性研究

目的 观察研究二乙氧基乙醇(2-Ethoxyethanol,2-EE)染毒雄性大鼠睾丸和附睾毒性、精子毒性、以及性行为与妊娠率的改变,探讨各生殖毒性指标之间的关联性,为确定2-EE雄性生殖毒性健康监护指标和诊断指标,开展2-EE职业健康危险度评价提供科学依据.方法 选择清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠,分别给予剂量200、4...     

硝酸舍他康唑栓治疗外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病28例

［摘要］目的评价硝酸舍他康唑栓治疗外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的疗效及安全性。方法采用随机双盲对照试验。治疗组及对照组各30例,分别外用硝酸舍他康唑栓300 mg和克霉唑栓500 mg,用药1或2次。停药后（7±1） d及28～35 d时进行观察。结果治疗组28例、对照组30例纳入分析,治疗组和对照组停药后（7±1） d临床有效率分别为89.29%,86.67%（P＞0.05）;用药结束后28～35 d时的临床有效率分别为81.48%,66.67%（P＞0.05）;均未发生与药物相关的不良反应。结论硝酸舍他康唑栓治疗外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病有效,安全。     

22q11微缺失所致先心病的产前诊断

目的 探讨在先心病胎儿中进行22q11微缺失产前诊断的必要性及可行性.方法 对产前胎儿超声检查诊断为先天性心脏畸形的孕妇16例行羊膜腔穿刺或脐静脉穿刺获取胎儿细胞,并行染色体核型分析及双色荧光原位杂交检测22q11微缺失.结果 16例中检出22q11微缺失1例.结论 在先心病胎儿中行22q11微缺失产前诊断是有必要的,...     

Haglund综合征的放散状冲击波治疗效果观察

目的 观察DOLORCLAST(R) 放散状冲击波对Haglund综合征的临床治疗效果. 方法 选择治疗35例门诊Haglund综合征患者,采用DOLORCLAST(R) 放散状冲击波治疗机进行标准治疗,冲击波频率为12Hz,治疗探头15 mm,治疗压力3.0bar,冲击波次数2000,手持压力中～高,治疗次数3～5次,治疗周期7天. 结果 治疗后疼痛缓解,功能也有明显的改善,治疗后的治愈率31.43%,有效率94.28%;6周后的治愈率42.86%,有效率97.14%. 结论 DOLORCLAST(R) 放散状冲击波治疗Haglund综合征的治疗效果确切、操作简单、无创伤、易于患者接受和推广.     

舒巴坦在治疗耐碳青霉烯鲍曼不动杆菌医院获得性肺炎中的作用

近年来,碳青酶烯类抗菌药物曾经是治疗鲍曼不动杆菌感染的有效药物,但国内外已报道耐碳青酶烯类鲍曼不动杆菌逐年增多[1]。多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌对临床常用抗生素β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物敏感性逐渐减低,耐碳青酶烯类鲍曼不动杆菌医院获得性肺炎的治疗成为临床棘     

Effect of 935-MHz phone-simulating electromagnetic radiation on endometrial glandular cells during mouse embryo implantation

This study examined the impact of 935MHz phone-simulating electromagnetic radiation on embryo implantation of pregnant mice.Each 7-week-old Kunming (KM) female white mouse was set up with a KM male mouse in a single cage for mating overnight after induction of ovulation.In the first three days of pregnancy,the pregnant mice was exposed to electromagnetic radiation at low-intensity (150 μW/cm2,ranging from 130 to 200 μW/cm2,for 2-or 4-h exposure every day),mid-intensity (570 μW/cm2,ranging from 400 to 700 μW/cm2,for 2-or 4-h exposure every day) or high-intensity (1400 μW/cm2,ranging from 1200 to 1500 μW/cm2,for 2-or 4-h exposure every day),respectively.On the day 4 after gestation (known as the window of murine embryo implantation),the endometrium was collected and the suspension of endometrial glandular cells was made.Laser scanning microscopy was employed to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular calcium ion concentration.In high-intensity,2-and 4-h groups,mitochondrial membrane potential of endometrial glandular cells was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (P<0.05).The calcium ion concentration was increased in low-intensity 2-h group but decreased in high-intensity 4-h group as compared with the normal control group (P<0.05).However,no significant difference was found in mitochondrial membrane potential of endometrial glandular cells between low-or mid-intensity groups and the normal control group,indicating stronger intensity of the electromagnetic radiation and longer length of the radiation are required to inflict a remarkable functional and structural damage to mitochondrial membrane.Our data demonstrated that electromagnetic radiation with a 935-MHz phone for 4 h conspicuously decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and lowered the calcium ion concentration of endometrial glandular cells.It is suggested that high-intensity electromagnetic radiation is very likely to induce the death of embryonic cells and decrease the chance of their implantati     

健康教育计划护理对提高外耳再造患者遵医行为的影响

以往五官科护理多以医嘱为中心．注重治疗．忽视对患者相关知识教育与心理支持．致使手术成功率低．围手术期并发症发生率高．并直接影响患者心身健康．加重经济负担。为了改变以上护理弊端．自2009年至今我们将健康教育计划护理贯穿于整个围手术期。取得较好效果,现报道如下。