从1例Wegener肉芽肿的诊治经过谈临床诊断思维

临床医学生经过4年的理论学习后进入临床。此时他们发现尽管花了大量时间，书本知识背了不少，但对临床具体病例的处理仍感到束手无策。特别是在对某些疑难疾病进行诊断和鉴别诊断时更是如此。我们拟从1例wegener肉芽肿的诊治经过对临床诊断时，年轻医生或医学生应该特别注意的几个问题进行了初步的探讨。     

常压及控制性降压下脊髓急性牵拉损伤比较研究

目的 评价控制性降压是否增加脊髓对牵拉损伤的易感性。材料与方法健康成年杂种犬6只，随机分为常压和控制性降压脊髓牵拉损伤组。观察常压及控制性降压水平下相同程度牵拉损伤后脊髓血流(SCBF)、体感诱发电位(SEP)、神经源性运动诱发电位(NMEP)改变的差异。结果 外周血有创动脉压(MABP)平均下降幅度为40．5％。经SSPS统计软件独立样本t检验，不同牵拉水平下，常压组及低压组的SCBF(％)、SEP波幅(Asep)(％)及NMEP波幅(％)无显著差异。结论 尼卡地平控制性降压不增加脊髓对牵拉损伤的易感性。     

Ⅲ度开放性胫腓骨骨折外固定治疗策略

目的：探讨Ⅲ度胫腓骨开放性骨折早期的处理方法与技巧,总结外固定支架治疗、稳定骨折端的临床效果。方法：早期采用外固定支架治疗Ⅲ度胫腓骨开放性骨折120例,男86例,女34例;年龄18～67岁,平均36.8岁。结果：120例中111例优良,或通过Ⅱ、Ⅲ期手术,软组织修复及骨折愈合良好;1例患者因感染、骨折复位不良,骨折不愈合;8例Ⅱ期截肢。结论：对于Ⅲ度胫腓骨开放性骨折早期以外固定支架为主的治疗是一种理想的方法,术中良好的骨折复位、简单的内固定合并外固定支架为主的治疗,有利于日后软组织的修复及骨折愈合。     

Surgical strategy of one stage surgery of anterior release combined with posterior correction in treatment of severe scoliosis

Objective: Severe scoliosis refers to scoliosis with serious and stiff curve. It always combins with trunk imbalance in coronal and sagittal contour. Besides complex pathological changes, cardiopulmonary deficits and other concomitant diseases increase treatmental difficulties. So the treatment of severe scoliosis is always a great challenge to spine surgeon. Methods :Thirty-six patients with severe scoliosis received one stage posterior correction followed by anterior release during July 1997 to January 2003, including 9 males and 27 females. Mean age was 17.2 years. Of them, 33 was idiopathic scoliosis and 3 was neurofibromatosis scoliosis( Cobb angle: 85-116 degree); 20 cases were abnormal in sagital plane. Three-dimensional devised instrumentation were applied such as CD, CD-Horizon, TSRH or Isola in posterior procedure followed by anterior release during the same anesthesia. 31 cases of this group received thorac icplasty. Results: The correction in the frontal plane achieved an average of 48.5%. In the sagittal plane, the pathological shape of the spine was reduced and distinctly ameliorated. 80. 6% of the patients maintained or achieved balance of sagittal plane. There were no complications of severe neurological deficit, hook displacement, rod broken, and deep infection at follow-up. One case occurred traumatic pleurisy after operation and another appeared pseudarthrosis 2 years later. One case demonstrated imbalance 11 months after operation. One patient was presented loss of correction more than 10 degree at one year follow-up and 5.2 degree in average. Conclusion:The study indicates that the one stage posterior correction combined with anterior release in treatment of severe scoliosis can achieve satisfactory correction. Appropriate choice of cases, preoperational detailed assessment and application of SEP and wake-up test during operation can possibly reduce severe complication. The long-term outcomes still need further observation.     

当今女性时髦病

生活中需要美,而爱美是女子的天性。梳妆得体,穿着入时,确实婀娜多姿、楚楚动人。但是,不少女青年一味追求穿戴打扮讲“时髦”,却忽略了自身的健康,引来了不该发生的“时髦病”。轻则影响健康,重者造成畸形,严重者还会危及生命。这里仅列举几种: 指甲油与中毒 指甲油是以硝化纤维为基料,配以丙酮、醋酸乙酯、苯二甲酸丁酯之类的化学溶剂、增塑剂及红色染料制成,这些化学物质是脂溶性的,对人体有一定的毒性。涂指甲油后,如果用手拿食物吃,尤其是拿油条、油炸糕之类的油炸食品,有毒物质     

腰骶关节CT检查摆位方法的改进

腰骶关节ＣＴ检查摆位方法的改进西安医科大学第二附属医院ＣＴ室万佩明，李迎春，李明谦，牛风枝腰骶关节在正常生理弯曲中，向前下方突出角度较大，而ＣＴ扫描该关节时，射线必须与关节面平行，方能较准确的切割出椎体和椎间盘的标准横断面图像，从而作出正确的诊断。按...     

静脉溶栓治疗超早期重症脑干梗死

1 病例报告 患者，女性，70岁，入院前2h行走中突然出现头晕、失语、猝倒、意识障碍、躁动。10min后测血压23／11kPa，镇静降压处理后急送医院，查头颅CT示侧桥脑有边界清楚的2.5cm×2．0cm低密度影，左侧基底节点状散在低密度区。急查血小板142×10^9／L，凝血时间1min，出血时间1min。既往高血压病30年，冠心病3年；2年半前发生桥脑梗死。初步诊断：多发性脑梗死，再发脑干梗死。于病后2h一次性给予尿激酶100万U30min内快速静滴，同时转送病房。入病房查体：血压20／9kPa，心率76／min，心肺听诊无异常，谵妄，完全运动感觉性失语，双侧瞳孔等大同圆，对光反应灵敏，双眼向右凝视，舌伸不出，颈强直，四肢肌张力增高，腱反射亢进。右霍夫曼征和巴彬斯基征均阳性。治疗经过：溶栓1h后，患者躁动加重，心率增快至94次／min，口腔粘膜、牙龈出血，前臂静脉穿刺出皮肤瘀斑浸血。双足内翻，四肢强直状收缩，持续1h，期间出现咳嗽反射，吐出血痰一口。     

浅谈围术期麻醉护理

随着麻醉学科领域不断发展，三级医院已经有专门麻醉护士队伍。但在基层医院，麻醉护理大多仍是有手术室护士承担，笔者就手术室工作多年的经验总结围术期麻醉护理体会：（1）麻醉前护理：做好患者术前心理护理；保持手术室内温度和湿度具有重要临床意义。按拟定麻醉方法，手术前日准备好常用物品，仪器，抢救药品。（2）麻醉护理：手术前日仔细核对患者姓名、性别、年龄、手术部位及手术名称，麻醉方法。要求患者清除面部，口唇、指甲化妆，有利于术中对患者肤色观察。婴幼儿、昏迷、休克、意识不清、烦躁不安者给以必要的护栏以防坠床等。重大、危重症休克患者手术，应作深静脉穿刺置管；经常观察穿刺针的局部情况，有无肿胀、滑针、导管脱节、扭曲、堵管、液体流空等。根据手术、失血量、病情、血压、心率等调整输入量和输入种类，注意输血常见过敏反应。（3）手术结束等待患者麻醉苏醒，生命体征稳定后护送回病房，危急重患者随同麻醉医生将患者送回ICU，向有关人员床边交接班。