营养课程设置对某高校在校生膳食营养状况的影响

目的 探讨营养相关课程的设置对某高校在校生膳食营养的影响。方法将学生分为已修营养课程及未修营养课程的学生两组,采用24h回顾法进行3d膳食调查,依据《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量（DRIs》标准进行分析评价。结果已修营养课程学生大部分膳食营养素摄入量显著高于不修营养课程学生（P〈0．05）。但是,两种学生人群的能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、VitA、硫胺素、核黄素、VitE、除了磷与铁外的重要矿物质的摄入量都显著低于该年龄段的推荐摄入量,且达到推荐量水平的人群比例很低。结论营养课程的设置对某高校在校生的膳食营养产生有益影响。有蓝要在学校开设营养相关课程。     

Effects on Biological Behavior of Bladder Carcinoma T24 Cells via Silencing DNMT1 and/or DNMT3b with shRNA In Vitro

In this study,RNA interference technique was employed to silence the expression of DNMT1 and/or DNMT3b in human bladder cancer T24 cells.The expression levels of their mRNA and protein were greatly decreased by up to 75% and 65% respectively after T24 cells were transfected with lipofectamine2000 for 72 h,indicating RNA interference is an effective tool in gene knockdown.Proliferation and apoptosis of T24 cells were detected by MTT,and annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide staining flow cytometry,respectively.It was found that loss of the DNMT1 or DNMT3b expression could inhibit the cell growth and promote the cell apoptosis to some extent.However,combined treatment with shRNA targeting both DNMT1 and DNMT3b mRNA could ob-viously enhance the above effects.It was concluded that simultaneously silencing both genes could result in strong suppressing effect on tumor proliferation and promoting ceil apoptosis than separate use,suggesting combined use of DNMT1 and DNMT3b can achieve a synergistic effect in the CpG island methylation in human bladder tumorigenesis.     

Effects on biological behavior of bladder carcinoma T24 cells via silencing DNMT1 and/or DNMT3b with shRNA <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Vitro</Emphasis>

In this study, RNA interference technique was employed to silence the expression of DNMT1 and/or DNMT3b in human bladder cancer T24 cells. The expression levels of their mRNA and protein were greatly decreased by up to 75% and 65% respectively after T24 cells were trans- fected with lipofectamine2000 for 72 h, indicating RNA interference is an effective tool in gene knockdown. Proliferation and apoptosis of T24 cells were detected by MTT, and annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide staining flow cytometry, respectively. It was found that loss of the DNMT1 or DNMT3b expression could inhibit the cell growth and promote the cell apoptosis to some extent. However, combined treatment with shRNA targeting both DNMT1 and DNMT3b mRNA could obviously enhance the above effects. It was concluded that simultaneously silencing both genes could result in strong suppressing effect on tumor proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis than separate use, suggesting combined use of DNMT1 and DNMT3b can achieve a synergistic effect in the CpG island methylation in human bladder tumorigenesis.     

亲属活体供肾移植术后移植肾周血肿诊疗分析（附6例报告）

目的：探讨亲属活体供肾移植术后移植肾周血肿的病因及诊疗方法。方法：回顾性分析6例移植肾周血肿患者的临床表现、凝血功能及治疗情况并作文献复习。结果：6例患者均行凝血功能及移植肾彩超检查,均有不同程度的凝血功能障碍,5例彩超发现移植肾周血肿并行移植肾周血肿清除术,术后随访1～3个月,未见血肿,血肌酐78．4～123．7μmol／L。1例因血肿机化彩超漏诊,术中确诊,最后因移植肾功能延迟并凝血功能障碍导致多器官功能衰竭而死亡。结论：凝血功能障碍是导致肾移植术后移植肾周血肿的主要原因,若患者出现尿量减少、腹痛、移植肾区隆起伴胀痛等临床表现,应行移植肾彩超检查,既排除排斥反应又明确有无移植肾周血肿压迫肾脏,同时检查凝血功能。彩超可作为其首选诊断方法,必要时可考虑行CT或MRI检查,重点是积极有效地预防术前和术后凝血功能障碍。     

术前急性高容量血液稀释对罗库溴铵量-效关系的影响

Objective To study the influence of preoperative acute hypervolaemic haemodilution (AHHD) on the dose-response relationship of rocuronium.Methods Forty patients were randomly allocated to AHHD group or control group (n=20).Anesthesia was maintained with propofol and remifentsnyl using TCI,and rocuronium was randomly given with one of six doses(60 μg/kg).AHHD was conducted with preoperative infusion of 15 ml/kg 6% hydroxyethyl starch at a rate of 30 ml/min.Neuromuscular function was assessed using an accelograph with train-of-four stimulation at wrist.The dose-response relationship of rocuronium was determined with cumulative dose-response technique.Results Hb,Hct,TPP and ALB decreased markedly (P＜0.05) after AHHD.AHHD did not result in a significant shift in rocuronium dose-response curve.There was no significant difference in ED50,ED90,and ED95 between the AHHD group[(192.1±24.9) μg/kg,(309.9±42.7) μg/kg,(322.0±44.4) μg/kg,respectively]and the control group [(178.5±34.7) μg/kg,(209.1± 47.8)μg/kg,(304.1±49.5) μg/kg,respectively].Conclusion These results demonstrate that the potency of rocuronium is not affected by AHHD,and rocuronium may become an ideal choice of relaxant in occasion of applying AHHD.     

我国各省中药饮片炮制规范的对比分析研究

近年来,各省陆续编制、修订了本省的中药饮片炮制规范,积累了丰富的饮片炮制规范编制工作经验.本文通过对各省饮片炮制规范进行对比分析和总结,为今后科学编制《全国中药饮片炮制规范》提供建议和参考.     

七氟烷后处理对大鼠缺血/再灌注损伤心功能和ERK1/2表达的影响

目的研究七氟烷后处理对细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2)活性的影响,探讨其对大鼠离体心脏缺血/再灌注保护作用的机制。方法 (1)64只SD大鼠,随机分为8组(n=8):假手术组(Sham),缺血/再灌注组(Control),缺血后处理组(Post),七氟烷后处理组(Sevo),二甲基亚砜(PD98059溶剂)后处理组(DMSO),PD98059(ERK1/2抑制剂)后处理组(PD),缺血+PD98059后处理组(Post+PD),七氟烷+PD98059后处理组(Sevo+PD)。采用Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,记录平衡灌注末,再灌注30、60、90 min心功能指标,灌注结束时,TTC法计算心肌梗死面积百分比。(2)48只SD大鼠,分组同上(n=6),复灌15 min,Westernblot法半定量测定心室胞质磷酸化ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)及其下游靶点70 000核糖体S6蛋白激酶磷酸化(p-p70S6K)表达水平。结果平衡灌注末各组间心功能指标(基础值)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Sevo组和Post组可改善缺血/再灌注心脏的各项心功能指标和减少心肌梗死面积(与Control组比较,P均<0.05)。复灌15 min时,Sevo组和Post组p-ERK1/2、p-p70S6K的表达高于Control组(P<0.05)。PD98059完全拮抗了七氟烷诱导的p-ERK1/2的表达同时抵消了其心肌保护效果。结论七氟烷后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血/再灌注损伤有明显的保护作用,其保护强度与缺血后处理相当,机制可能与心肌细胞p-ERK1/2活性的增加有关。     

EPBD术后并发急性胰腺炎的危险因素及预防的研究进展

十二指肠乳头气囊扩张术(EPBD)是内镜下逆行性胰胆管造影的一种治疗手段,EPBD术后胰腺炎是常见且严重的并发症之一。目前研究发现,EPBD操作相关因素、病例选择相关因素、多次乳头插管及导丝多次插入胰管、多次胰管显影与操作者的经验不足是EPBD术后并发胰腺炎的常见危险因素。关于预防术后胰腺炎的药物研究已广泛开展,临床研究取得一定的进展。在内镜技术方面,改进操作技术,放置胰管支架和胆管引流技术,能有效地预防EPBD术后胰腺炎的发生。     

焦虑障碍发病模型的建立与分析

目的:通过评价焦虑障碍患者个性倾向、自我效能感及焦虑特质等影响因素,设计并分析焦虑障碍发病模型.方法:采用病例对照研究,对144例焦虑障碍患者和144名健康人利用贝克焦虑自评量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、中国人个性量表-情感量表(CPAI2-E)、状态-特质焦虑问卷及自我效能感量表进行测评.以CPAI2-E个性倾向各因子、焦虑特质及自我效能感为预测因素,建立焦虑障碍的发病模型并进行路径分析.结果:路径分析结果显示,焦虑状态影响的途径中,焦虑紧张因子、焦虑特质是"直接"影响因素,而抑郁因子、自卑-自信因子、自我效能感、性适应不良因子、躯体化因子和躯体症状因子是"间接"影响因素,它们通过影响焦虑紧张因子、焦虑特质在焦虑障碍发病中发挥作用,各路径系数在0.072～0.652,均有统计学意义(t在2.101～8.807,P均<0.05);该模式中,对焦虑产生的原因,尚有0.815的残差不能为以上因素所解释.结论:焦虑特质、抑郁、焦虑紧张、躯体症状、躯体化、性适应不良及自卑倾向等诸多因素间的交互作用可能是焦虑障碍发生的病理心理学基础;除个性倾向等因素外,焦虑障碍的发生尚涉及其他心理、社会及生物学因素.     

前列腺癌干细胞的理论与技术新观念

在西方国家前列腺癌是男性最常见的恶性肿瘤,占男性癌症死因的第2位[1,2].我国前列腺癌发病率虽较西方国家低,但近年随着人口老龄化及饮食习惯的改变,发病率也有明显增加的趋势.