The telephone survey: a methodological strategy for obtaining information

Studies have shown that students and the general population have little knowledge about nursing schools and the nursing profession. This study investigates the extent to which a sample of the population of Brazil is aware of the existence of nursing schools, and how they have obtained this information. Data were collected by telephone interviews. The sample consisted of 326 subjects whose telephone numbers were taken from the telephone book. Analysis showed that 73% of the subjects were aware of the existence of two nursing schools in the city; however, 65.03% did not know the names of these schools. Direct communication with friends and family, as well as indirect communication by television and advertising, were the sources of information mentioned by those questioned.     

加强保健措施 降低孕产妇死亡率的试点研究

经调查河南省七县1988～04～1989～03孕产妇死亡率为136.1/10万,高于全国平均水平(94.7/10万)。从七县中选择了死亡率偏高的三个县(147.9/10万)为样本.进行厂降低农村孕产妇死亡率保健措施的研究。自1990年4月1日～1992年3月31日。在三县采取了以下保健措施:①加强基层妇幼卫生建设,特别是中心乡卫生院的建设,②整顿和完善三级保健网;③建全孕产妇系统管理制度,高危妊娠筛查,转化和转诊制度,④配备必要设备,建立联合小产院,实行定点接生。两年内孕产妇死亡率,由1989年的147.9/10万下降到67.7/10万,下降幅度为54.44%,最高达72.1%。此工作为实现2000年孕产妇死亡率下降一半的规划目标提供了依据。     

腰椎间盘突出症手术后复发的原因分析及防治

目的 分析总结腰椎间盘突出症手术后复发的原因及治疗方法。方法 腰椎间盘突出症手术后复发的范围限定于临床症状、体征及影像学证实为受累神经根与第一次手术的节段相同。回顾1990年～2001年收治的资料完整的病例38例。总结造成复发的原因，分析造成这些原因的因素以及防范措施，并提出治疗方案。结果 复发的原因为髓核再突出20例(占52．7％)、疤痕压迫5例(占13．1％)、硬脊膜及神经根四周粘连5例(占13．1％)、腰椎失稳4例(占l0．5％)、神经根管、侧隐窝狭窄4例(占l0．5％)，其中经保守治疗和手术治疗分别为2l例(占55．3％)和17例(占47．7％),治疗优良率92％。结论 腰椎间盘突出症术后复发的主要原因为髓核再突出。复发后经中西医结合治疗能取得满意疗效,治疗上首先应采用保守治疗。     

~(123)I-MIBG心肌显像预测依那普利对扩张型心肌病患者治疗效果的临床价值

目的探讨123I-MIBG心肌显像在治疗前预测依那普利对扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者治疗效果的临床价值。方法对24例DCM患者于依那普利治疗前行早期(20min)及延迟(3h)123I-MIBG心肌显像,采用心/上纵隔(H/M)比和心脏放射性洗脱率(WR)作为相对半定量计数分析,与超声心功能参数进行对比。根据123I-MI-BG心肌显像延迟相的H/M分为3组延迟H/M≥1.7为组Ⅰ,1.5<延迟H/M<1.7为组Ⅱ,延迟H/M≤1.5为组Ⅲ。组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ在平均治疗4.5个月后重复以上检查。结果治疗前3组间超声心功能参数比较均无统计学差异。治疗后组Ⅰ的左室射血分数(LVEF)和左室收缩末径(LVDs)明显改善,早期H/M和延迟H/M均明显改善(P<0.05),而WR无明显变化。治疗后组Ⅱ的延迟H/M明显改善(P<0.05),而早期H/M和WR均无明显变化,心功能参数也无改善。组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ患者均能耐受依那普利治疗,而组Ⅲ患者均不能耐受依那普利治疗。结论123I-MIBG心肌显像在治疗前预测依那普利对DCM患者的治疗效果方面有一定价值。     

高原低氧和中草药作用后的家兔肺泡Ⅱ型细胞电镜观察

现代研究证实肺泡Ⅱ型细胞对于肺泡功能的正常行使起着至关重要的作用。关于在高原环境下,该细胞会发生那些形态结构的变化,已经有人做过一些观察报道。但是,上述文献多属定性分析资料,绝少较科学、准确的定量分析。我们的工作正是为了弥补这方面的不足,同时也为今后在高原医学领域开展形态计量研究,提供和积累一些参考数值。实验分析发现:高原环境确能引起肺泡Ⅱ型细胞体的增大,细胞游离面的微绒毛减少,长度变短,线粒体数量增加(上述几项指标的P值均小于0.05)。另外,中草药——异叶青兰对Ⅱ型细胞的影响也进行了对比研究。     

自体颅骨碎片及屑修补颅骨缺损(附60例报告)

应用自体颅骨碎片及骨屑对60例在造成颅骨缺损术同时行颅骨缺损修补术。缺损面积直径最小者2cm,最大者10cm。术后随访1个月至5年,病人颅骨缺损修补处外观正常,无凹陷,触之硬,与正常颅骨处类似。6个月拍X线片示颅骨修补处类似正常颅骨形态。     

中性粒细胞的化学发光测定

用化学发光法检测粒细胞吞噬功能具有灵敏、准确、快速等优点。用我校同位素实验室LS3801型液体闪烁分析仪,全部使用国产试剂,建立了分离的中性粒细胞化学发光测定法,并对影响因素作了初步观察和探讨。实验表明,此法既可用于中性粒细胞吞噬杀菌功能机理研究,亦可用于临床监测。对糖尿病人粒细胞功能化学发光测定结果,显示了此法应用的潜力。     

Natural history of atopic dermatitis and its relationship to serum total immunoglobulin E in a population-based birth cohort study

We investigated the natural history of atopic dermatitis (AD) in a population-based birth cohort and assessed whether children at risk of visible eczema at 5 years of age can be identified from total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels measured at 8, 12 and 18 months. AD data collected included a whole body examination for visible eczema at 49 months (4 years) and 61 months (5 years) of age and parent completed questionnaire data throughout their early lives. Children were divided into four groups based on their natural history of early AD: persistent (AD at 1, 6, 18, 30 and 42 months, n  = 34), intermittent early onset (before 18  months of age, n  = 495), intermittent late onset (18–42 months of age, n  = 273) and unaffected ( n  = 429). Visible eczema at 5 years of age was present in 12.2% (117/957) (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.1–14.3%) of the children. Levels of total IgE at 8, 12 and 18 months of age were associated with early onset of AD, but not with AD of later onset. For all four natural history groups, the geometric mean total IgE at 12 months was higher in those who subsequently had visible eczema than those who did not. However, the degree of overlap was such that total IgE at 12 months of age was a poor predictor of eczema at age five. A cutoff point of 78 kU/l had the highest positive predictive value for visible eczema at 5 years of age of 28.6%, with a sensitivity of 12% and specificity of 95%.