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教育在以病人为中心整体护理中的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
陈徐升 《中华医院管理杂志》1997,13(5):284-285
以病人为中心的整体护理是当代护理科学发展的必然趋势。为了适应这一形势,必须充分发挥教育在整体护理中的作用,进行护理教育的改革。改革传统中专护理教育体制,延长学制,增设有关课程;强化护理人员全日制教育;加强护理人员思想政治、职业道德和敬业精神教育,在护理人员中增强整体护理观念,以适应医学模式的转变。 相似文献
14.
G. Lallement Didier Clarençon Catherine Masqueliez Dominique Baubichon Monique Galonnier Marie-France Burckhart Michel Peoc’h Jean Claude Mestries 《Archives of toxicology》1997,72(2):84-92
Organophosphorus nerve agents are still in use today in warfare and as terrorism compounds. Classical emergency treatment
of organophosphate poisoning includes the combined administration of a cholinesterase reactivator (an oxime), a muscarinic
cholinergic receptor antagonist (atropine) and a benzodiazepine anticonvulsant (diazepam). However, recent experiments with
primates have demonstrated that such treatment, even when administered immediately after organophosphate exposure, does not
rapidly restore normal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and fails to totally prevent neuronal brain damage. The objective
of this study was to evaluate, in a realistic setting, the therapeutic benefit of administration of GK-11 (gacyclidine), an
antiglutamatergic compound, as a complement to the available emergency therapy against organophosphate poisoning. GK-11 was
injected at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg (i.v) after a 45-min latency period to heavily intoxicated (8 LD50) primates. Just after intoxication, man-equivalent doses of one autoinjector containing atropine/pralidoxime/diazepam were
administered. The effects of GK-11 were examined on survival, EEG activity, signs of toxicity, recovery after challenge and
central nervous system histology. The present data demonstrate that treatment with GK-11 prevents the mortality observed after
early administration of classical emergency medication alone. EEG recordings and clinical observations also revealed that
GK-11 prevented soman-induced seizures and motor convulsions. EEG analysis within the classical frequency bands (beta, theta,
alpha, delta) demonstrated that central activity was totally restored to normal after GK-11 treatment, but remained profoundly
altered in animals receiving atropine/pralidoxime/diazepam alone. GK-11 also markedly accelerated clinical recovery of soman-challenged
primates. Lastly, this drug totally prevented the neuropathology observed 3 weeks after soman exposure in animals treated
with classical emergency treatment alone. GK-11 represents a promising adjuvant therapy to the currently available emergency
polymedication to ensure optimal management of organophosphate poisoning in man. This drug is presently being evaluated in
a human clinical trial for a different neuroprotective indication.
Received: 16 June 1997 / Accepted: 23 September 1997 相似文献
15.
医院综合效益评价案例分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
西南地区医院综合效益评价课题组 《中国医院管理》1994,14(2):32-35
运用层次分析法建立了医院综合效益评价指标体系,开发了医院综合效益九型评价图,用于显著评价结果。在此基础上进行了3个案例的评价分析。论述了通过对西南地区27所医院综合效益4年多的追踪分析所发现的共性问题,并提出了相应的管理对策。 相似文献
16.
复治矽肺结核化疗效果观察 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
我们自1980~1988年对79例复治矽肺结核进行化疗。其中绝大多数为慢性纤维化空洞性病例,均经细菌学证实,并由尘肺诊断组认定为矽肺合并结核。本组病例分别以KM、INH、RFP、PZA,或SM、INH、RFP、EB联合,分两阶段治疗18个月,获痰菌阴转79.2%,其中KHRZ与SHRE组分别为93.9%与68.2%(P<0.05)。自疗程结束追踪2~8年,其细菌复阳率分别为6.45%和10.0%(P>0.1)。并对影响其过去治疗失败的原因及对策进行了讨论。 相似文献
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The measurement of amniotic fluid (AF) acetylcholinesterase isoenzyme (AChEI) is a relatively new method for early diagnosis of open neural tube defects (NTDs). As quantitative methods are of unproven reliability at present, the authors used a high resolving power qualitative method-vertical slab polyaerylamide gel electrophoresis. The benefits of this technique are: simplicity of operation, accuracy, unsophisticated equipment, and easily available reagents. Combined results of 9 NTDs studies revealed that samples from early pregnancy gave more accurate results than those from late pregnancy. 相似文献
20.
Nhân Pham-Thi Pierre Scheinmann Riad Fadel Anne Combebias Claude Andre the Study Group 《Pediatric allergy and immunology》2007,18(1):47-57
Although several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy in allergic asthma, few have shown the same benefit using sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in asthmatic patients. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of house dust mite (HDM) SLIT in addition to allergen avoidance and standard pharmacologic treatment. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed in 111 children (aged 5-15 yr) with HDM-induced mild-to-moderate asthma. After a 4-week baseline phase, patients were randomly assigned to receive SLIT with tablets of HDM extract (n = 55) or placebo (n = 56) for 18 months. Pharmacologic treatment was adjusted every 3 months following a step-down approach. Asthma symptom scores, reduction in use of inhaled corticosteroids and inhaled beta(2)-agonists, rhinitis symptoms, lung function tests, skin sensitivity to HDM, dust mite-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG(4), and quality of life (QoL) were assessed during the study. After 18 months of treatment, diurnal and nocturnal asthma symptoms scores did not show significant differences between SLIT and placebo groups. Inhaled corticosteroids and inhaled beta(2)-agonists use was reduced in both groups without significant differences between groups. There were no significant differences in lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s and peak flow rate variations) between groups. Rhinitis symptom score decreased in both groups, with no difference between the two groups. The severity dimension of QoL was significantly improved in the SLIT group (age 6-12 yr). SLIT induced a significant reduction of skin sensitivity to HDM (p < 0.01) and a significant increase in HDM-specific IgE and IgG(4) antibodies (p < 0.001) in the SLIT group compared with the placebo group. SLIT was well tolerated with mild/moderate local adverse events. No severe systemic reactions were reported. This study indicates that, when mild-moderate asthmatic children are optimally controlled by pharmacologic treatment and HDM avoidance, SLIT does not provide additional benefit, despite a significant reduction in allergic response to HDM. Under such conditions, only a complete, but ethically unfeasible, discontinuation of inhaled corticosteroid would have demonstrated a possible benefit of SLIT. 相似文献