心房颤动者并发脑梗死相关因素分析

目的 心房颤动是一种常见的心律失常,其并发症包括脑梗死等。国外 对此已经进行了广泛的研究。国内关于此方面的研究较少。本研究分析了心房颤动患者脑梗死发生的危险因素,筛选高危患者,指导临床干预。方法 结合186例慢性心房颤动患者的临床特点,分析不同性别、年龄、病因、并发高血压、糖尿病、心脏瓣膜钙化以及心房大小对房颤并发梗死的影响。结果本研究分析表明：风湿性心脏病（二尖瓣狭窄）、高血压、糖尿病、心脏瓣膜钙化是房颤并发脑梗死的高危因素,性别、年龄对房颤并发脑梗死无显著影响。结论 对于心房颤动并发风湿性心脏病（二尖瓣狭窄）、高血压、糖尿病、心脏瓣膜钙化的患者容易发生脑梗死,可能需要进行抗血栓治疗,预防脑梗死的发生。     

止血汤治疗血友病甲后凝血指标的变化

目的：探讨中药止血汤治疗血友病患后血浆凝血酶原时间／国际标准化比率（PT／INR）、部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、简易凝血活酶生成时间（STGT）、凝血酶时间（TT）、凝血因子Ⅷ活性（FⅧ：C）等凝血指标的变化及其临床意义。方法：用中药止血汤治疗13例血友病甲患,治疗前、后分别用凝血一期法测定PT、APTT、FⅧ：C、STGT等指标。结果;治疗后病人的临床症状明显好转,PT、APTT、STGT较治疗前缩短,FⅧ：C增高,但治疗后与正常组相比较,APTT、STGT显延长,FⅧ：C处低水平。结论：止血汤治疗血友病有效的机理可能为：通过低调TFPI水平增强外源性凝血途径,补偿内源性凝血途径功能的缺陷。     

胃癌前病变及癌组织中CD44v6的表达

目的 :探讨CD44v6蛋白表达与胃癌发生发展的关系。方法 :采用免疫组化SP法检测CD44v6蛋白在各级胃粘膜病变和胃癌组织中的表达。结果 :CD44v6蛋白阳性表达率胃癌组织高于胃炎及不典型增生病变组织(P <0 .0 5 ) ,进展期胃癌显著高于早期胃癌组织 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,伴淋巴结转移和肝转移的胃癌组织明显高于无转移的胃癌组织 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :CD44v6蛋白表达与胃癌的发生发展密切相关 ,其检测有助于胃癌的早期诊断 ,转移预测和预后判断     

The Liver Retransplantation Risk Score: a prognostic model for survival after adult liver retransplantation

High-risk combinations of recipient and graft characteristics are poorly defined for liver retransplantation (reLT) in the current era. We aimed to develop a risk model for survival after reLT using data from the European Liver Transplantation Registry, followed by internal and external validation. From 2006 to 2016, 85 067 liver transplants were recorded, including 5581 reLTs (6.6%). The final model included seven predictors of graft survival: recipient age, model for end-stage liver disease score, indication for reLT, recipient hospitalization, time between primary liver transplantation and reLT, donor age, and cold ischemia time. By assigning points to each variable in proportion to their hazard ratio, a simplified risk score was created ranging 0–10. Low-risk (0–3), medium-risk (4–5), and high-risk (6–10) groups were identified with significantly different 5-year survival rates ranging 56.9% (95% CI 52.8–60.7%), 46.3% (95% CI 41.1–51.4%), and 32.1% (95% CI 23.5–41.0%), respectively (P < 0.001). External validation showed that the expected survival rates were closely aligned with the observed mortality probabilities. The Retransplantation Risk Score identifies high-risk combinations of recipient- and graft-related factors prognostic for long-term graft survival after reLT. This tool may serve as a guidance for clinical decision-making on liver acceptance for reLT.     

Using psychometric ability to improve education in ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia: a multicentre randomised controlled trial

The learning curve for novices developing regional anaesthesia skills, such as real-time ultrasound-guided needle manipulation, may be affected by innate visuospatial ability, as this influences spatial cognition and motor co-ordination. We conducted a multinational randomised controlled trial to test if novices with low visuospatial ability would perform better at an ultrasound-guided needling task with deliberate practice training than with discovery learning. Visuospatial ability was evaluated using the mental rotations test-A. We recruited 140 medical students and randomly allocated them into low-ability control (discovery learning), low-ability intervention (received deliberate practice), high-ability control, and high-ability intervention groups. Primary outcome was the time taken to complete the needling task, and there was no significant difference between groups: median (IQR [range]) low-ability control 125 s (69–237 [43–600 s]); low-ability intervention 163 s (116–276 [44–600 s]); high-ability control 130 s (80–210 [41–384 s]); and high-ability intervention 177 s (113–285 [43–547 s]), p = 0.06. No difference was found using the global rating scale: mean (95%CI) low-ability control 53% (95%CI 46–60%); low-ability intervention 61% (95%CI 53–68%); high-ability control 63% (95%CI 56–70%); and high-ability intervention 66% (95%CI 60–72%), p = 0.05. For overall procedure pass/fail, the low-ability control group pass rate of 42% (14/33) was significantly less than the other three groups: low-ability intervention 69% (25/36); high-ability control 68% (25/37); and high-ability intervention 85% (29/34) p = 0.003. Further research is required to determine the role of visuospatial ability screening in training for ultrasound-guided needle skills.     

The Accuracy of Incident Vertebral Fracture Detection in Children Using Targeted Case-Finding Approaches

Vertebral fractures are clinically important sequelae of a wide array of pediatric diseases. In this study, we examined the accuracy of case-finding strategies for detecting incident vertebral fractures (IVF) over 2 years in glucocorticoid-treated children (n = 343) with leukemia, rheumatic disorders, or nephrotic syndrome. Two clinical situations were addressed: the prevalent vertebral fracture (PVF) scenario (when baseline PVF status was known), which assessed the utility of PVF and low lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD; Z-score <−1.4), and the non-PVF scenario (when PVF status was unknown), which evaluated low LS BMD and back pain. LS BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, vertebral fractures were quantified on spine radiographs using the modified Genant semiquantitative method, and back pain was assessed by patient report. Forty-four patients (12.8%) had IVF. In the PVF scenario, both low LS BMD and PVF were significant predictors of IVF. Using PVF to determine which patients should have radiographs, 11% would undergo radiography (95% confidence interval [CI] 8–15) with 46% of IVF (95% CI 30–61) detected. Sensitivity would be higher with a strategy of PVF or low LS BMD at baseline (73%; 95% CI 57–85) but would require radiographs in 37% of children (95% CI 32–42). In the non-PVF scenario, the strategy of low LS BMD and back pain produced the highest specificity of any non-PVF model at 87% (95% CI 83–91), the greatest overall accuracy at 82% (95% CI 78–86), and the lowest radiography rate at 17% (95% CI 14–22). Low LS BMD or back pain in the non-PVF scenario produced the highest sensitivity at 82% (95% CI 67–92), but required radiographs in 65% (95% CI 60–70). These results provide guidance for targeting spine radiography in children at risk for IVF. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).     

Comparison of donor scores in bilateral lung transplantation—A large single-center analysis

Objectifying donor lung quality is difficult and currently there is no consensus. Several donor scoring systems have been proposed in recent years. They all lack large-scale external validation and widespread acceptance. A retrospective evaluation of 2201 donor lungs offered to the lung transplant program at the Medical University of Vienna between January 2010 and June 2018 was performed. Five different lung donor scores were calculated for each offer (Oto, ET, MALT, UMN-DLQI, and ODSS). Prediction of organ utilization, 1-year graft survival, and long-term outcome were analyzed for each score. 1049 organs were rejected at the initial offer (group I), 209 lungs declined after procurement (group II), and 841 lungs accepted and transplanted (group III). The Oto score was superior in predicting acceptance of the initial offer (AUC: 0.795; CI: 0.776–0.815) and actual donor utilization (AUC: 0.660; CI: 0.618–0.701). Prediction of 1-year graft survival was best using the MALT score, Oto score, and UMN-DLQI. Stratification of early outcome by MALT was significant for length of mechanical ventilation (LMV), PGD3 rates, ICU stay and hospital stay, and in-hospital-mortality, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the largest validation analysis comparing currently available donor scores. The Oto score was superior in predicting organ utilization, and MALT score and UMN-DLQI for predicting outcome after lung transplantation.     

Optimal donation of kidney transplants after controlled circulatory death

Controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) is used for “extended criteria” donors with poorer kidney transplant outcomes. The French cDCD program started in 2015 and is characterized by normothermic regional perfusion, hypothermic machine perfusion, and short cold ischemia time. We compared the outcomes of kidney transplantation from cDCD and brain-dead (DBD) donors, matching cDCD and DBD kidney transplants by propensity scoring for donor and recipient characteristics. The matching process retained 442 of 499 cDCD and 809 of 6185 DBD transplantations. The DGF rate was 20% in cDCD recipients compared with 28% in DBD recipients (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.82). When DBD transplants were ranked by cold ischemia time and machine perfusion use and compared with cDCD transplants, the aRR of DGF was higher for DBD transplants without machine perfusion, regardless of the cold ischemia time (aRR with cold ischemia time <18 h, 1.57; 95% CI 1.20–2.03, vs aRR with cold ischemia time ≥18 h, 1.79; 95% CI 1.31–2.44). The 1-year graft survival rate was similar in both groups. Early outcome was better for kidney transplants from cDCD than from matched DBD transplants with this French protocol.