Relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire for adolescents from a capital in the Northeastern region of Brazil

The present study was conducted to evaluate the validity of the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) used in the RPS Birth Cohort Consortium (Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas, and São Luís) to assess dietary intake of adolescents from São Luís, Maranhão. The research was developed with 152 adolescents aged 18 and 19 years. For the validation of the FFQ, the average of three 24-hour recalls (24HRs) was used as the reference method. The mean and standard deviation of energy and nutrient intake extracted from the surveys were estimated. The paired Student''s t-test was used to verify the differences between the instruments. Pearson correlation coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), weighted Kappa, and the Bland-Altman plot were calculated in order to measure the agreement. The study adopted a level of significance <5%. Compared with the three 24HRs, the FFQ overestimated the consumption of most nutrients. Energy-adjusted and de-attenuated concordance Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from 0.06 to 0.43, and correlations were significant for iron, calcium, riboflavin, sodium, saturated fat, niacin, and vitamin C. The energy-adjusted and de-attenuated ICCs ranged from 0.01 to 0.31, and the weighted Kappa ranged from 0.01 to 0.46. The analyses of agreement were significant for vitamin C, fiber, calcium, riboflavin, niacin, sodium, lipids, and iron. In conclusion, the FFQ presented acceptable relative validity for lipids, saturated fatty acids, fiber, calcium, iron, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, and sodium. This instrument will be useful in studies about food consumption of adolescents in São Luís, Maranhão.     

阑尾杯状细胞腺癌临床病理学观察

目的探讨阑尾杯状细胞腺癌(goblet cell adenocarcinomas,GCA)的临床病理学特征及免疫表型特征,分析其生物学行为。方法收集北京大学第一医院2015—2018年诊断的7例GCA的临床资料,进行形态学观察,按照2019年WHO消化系统肿瘤分类第5版重新分级,并行免疫组织化学EnVision法染色及电镜观察,随访患者并复习相关文献。结果7例患者中男性2例,女性5例;年龄48~72岁,中位年龄58岁。1例为阑尾游离端出现局限性肿物,切面灰白实性,质地中等;其余6例阑尾弥漫增粗;镜下观察均可见低级别GCA,5例同时伴有高级别GCA,3例分级为1级,3例分级为2级及1例分级为3级。6例可见神经侵犯,1例可见脉管癌栓。免疫组织化学染色嗜铬粒素A、突触素、CD56、广谱细胞角蛋白、癌胚抗原、细胞角蛋白20、MLH1、MSH2、MSH6和PMS2均阳性,Ki-67阳性指数5%~50%,p53在高级别GCA的表达强度及阳性细胞数高于低级别GCA。随访14~46个月,6例患者生存,1例患者死亡。结论GCA为阑尾较少见的肿瘤,同时具有神经内分泌及腺上皮的分化,生物学行为从惰性到高度侵袭性均可。     

La fragilidad en candidatos a trasplante renal

Frailty is a concept that has been mainly developed in geriatrics and it came from the need of identifying subjects at risk to develop complications when they faced a stressful event. Frail patients have higher risk of mortality, poor outcomes and disability, and this is independent from their age or comorbidities. Chronic kidney disease patients present with high prevalence of frailty, especially those who are in renal replacement therapy. Frail or pre-frail patients on the kidney transplant waiting list represent 20-30%, and these patients are proven to have poorer results after the transplant, which is a stressful event itself. Tools for frailty assessment, both scales or indexes, may be useful to identify which subjects might be at risk for complications after transplant, and this is necessary to adapt our clinical practice and minimize morbidity. The most used frailty scale in kidney patients is Fried scale, which is based in five phenotypic items. Besides that, knowing frail population allows potential interventions such as prehabilitation while the patient is waiting for the kidney transplant, which the aim of improving their vulnerability prior to transplant and, therefore, optimizing results after transplant. More studies are needed amongst kidney patients to improve and prevent frailty.