经直肠超声引导下重复穿刺活检在前列腺癌高危人群中的诊断价值(附45例分析)

目的探讨经直肠超声（TRUS）引导下重复穿刺活检在前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）升高或直肠指检阳性的前列腺癌（PCa）可疑人群中的诊断价值。方法在首次穿刺活检诊断为前列腺良性病变的45例Pca高危人群中开展TRUS引导下10点重复穿刺活检。平均年龄78（58-92）岁；45例患者PSA均大于2．6ng／ml，其中12例直肠指检异常。结果在45例前列腺重复穿刺的患者中，34例穿刺2次，8例穿刺3次，3例穿刺4次；确诊Pca 10例（22．2％），良性前列腺增生32例，慢性前列腺炎3例。结论在Pca高危人群中开展TRUS引导下重复穿刺可以提高Pca的诊断率。     

Recombinant adenovirus mediated prostate-specific enzyme pro-drug gene therapy regulated by prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) enhancer/promoter

Gene directed enzyme pro-drug therapy (GDEPT) is one of the adjuvant therapeutic regimens for advanced prostate adenocarcinoma, and this research intended to explore how to apply targeting therapy of prostate adenocarcinoma under the mediation of a promoter/enhancer of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA(EP)) as a specific regulatory element. Recombinant adenoviruses (Ad-PSMA(E-P)-enhanced green fluorescent protein [EGFP], Ad-CMV-EGFP, Ad-PSMA(E-P)-CD, and Ad-CMV-CD) were constructed and could express cytosine deaminase (CD) or the EGFP reporter gene driven by a PSMA(EP) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. LNCaP, CL-1, MCF-7, and A549 were infected with CD-produced recombinant adenoviruses and treated with pro-drug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) in vivo and vitro; then, the growth inhibition of the cells and the cell cycle variation were assessed by an [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. Growth suppression of the xenograft tumor was also adopted to evaluate the efficiency of the suicide system. Morphologic changes after treatment in vivo were assessed with hematoxylin and eosin staining. In the 4 examined cancer cell lines, PSMA-positive prostate cancer cells LNCap and CL-1 were exclusively sensitive to the Ad-PSMA(E-P)-CD/5-FC system. The S phase of cell cycle arrest was thought to be involved in the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) converted from 5-FC by CD. CL-1 implanted Athymic BALB/c mice showed growth inhibition of tumors when they were treated with the Ad-PSMA(E-P)-CD/5-FC system without systemic conversion toxicity. The PSMA-based, CD-produced adenovirus, deserving further investigation in the future, might be a good candidate for targeting gene therapy of prostate adenocarcinoma.     

Expression and prognostic significance of p21-activated kinase 6 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background

p21-activated protein kinase (PAK) 6 is a serine-threonine kinase belonging to the PAK family. Previous studies have indicated that abnormal expressions of PAK1, PAK2, and PAK5 played critical roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies suggested that deregulation of PAK6 expression played an important role in oncogenesis. To explore the potential roles of PAK6 in HCC, expression of PAK6 was detected in human HCC specimens.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed for PAK6 in 121 HCC samples. The data were correlated with clinicopathologic features. The univariate and multivariate survival analyses were also performed to determine their clinical prognostic significance.

Results

PAK6 was overexpressed in HCC as compared with the adjacent noncancerous liver tissues. High expression of PAK6 was associated with Edmondson–Steiner grade (P = 0.006) and number of tumor nodules (P < 0.001), and PAK6 was positively correlated with proliferation marker Ki-67 (P < 0.01). Univariate analysis suggested that PAK6 expression was associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that PAK6 and Ki-67 protein expressions were independent prognostic markers for HCC (P = 0.0245 and 0.0331, respectively).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that PAK6 overexpression is involved in the pathogenesis of HCC; it may be an independent poor prognostic factor for HCC.     

Posterior hemivertebra resection and monosegmental fusion in the treatment of congenital scoliosis

INTRODUCTION

Posterior hemivertebra resection combined with multisegmental or bisegmental fusion has been applied successfully for congenital scoliosis. However, there are several immature bones and their growth can be influenced by long segmental fusion in congenital patients. Posterior hemivertebra resection and monosegmental fusion was therefore suggested for treatment of congenital scoliosis caused by hemivertebra.

METHODS

Between June 2001 and June 2010, 60 congenital scoliosis patients (aged 2–18 years) who underwent posterior hemivertebra resection and monosegmental fusion were enrolled in our study. A standing anteroposterior x-ray of the whole spine was obtained preoperatively, postoperatively and at the last follow-up appointment to analyse the Cobb angle in the coronal and sagittal planes as well as the trunk shift.

RESULTS

The mean preoperative coronal plane Cobb angle was 41.6º. This was corrected to 5.1º postoperatively and 5.3º at the last follow-up visit (correction 87.3%). The compensatory cranial curve was improved from 18.1º preoperatively to 7.1º postoperatively and 6.5º at the last follow-up visit while the compensatory caudal curve was improved from 21.5º to 6.1º after surgery and 5.6º at the last follow-up visit. The mean sagittal plane Cobb angle was 23.3º before surgery, 7.3º after surgery and 6.8º at the last follow-up visit (correction 70.1%). The trunk shift of 18.5mm was improved to 15.2mm.

CONCLUSIONS

Posterior hemivertebra resection and monosegmental fusion seems to be an effective approach for treatment of congenital scoliosis caused by hemivertebra, allowing for excellent correction in both the frontal and sagittal planes.     

全胃切除术后消化道重建方式的系统评价和Meta分析

目的：通过比较空肠造袋与否及十二指肠的利用与否探讨全胃切除术后最佳的消化道重建方式。 方法：检索相关的全胃切除术后消化道重建方式的随机对照临床试验（RCT）的文献,对纳入的研究行系统评价或Meta分析。 结果：9篇关于Roux-en-Y术后空肠造袋与否的RCT以及4篇关于空肠造袋的Roux-en-Y术与空肠造袋的空肠间置术比较的RCT被纳入Meta分析;此外,关于单纯的Roux-en-Y术后与空肠间置术后的2篇RCT、空肠间置术后造袋与否的2篇RCT未行Meta分析,但结果以描述性的形式给出。分析结果显示,与不造袋者比较,空肠造袋在不增加患者的围手术期病死率、围手术期并发症的发生率等的同时,倾倒综合征、烧灼感等术后消化道症状的发生率明显降低,食物吸收明显改善,患者生存质量也得到提高（均P<0.05）。与十二指肠不利用者比较,无论单纯的利用十二指肠还是在空肠造袋的基础上利用十二指肠均未发现证据表明其在改善术后消化道症状、提高患者生存质量等方面存在优势（均P>0.05）。 结论：空肠造袋是全胃切除术后有效的消化道重建方式,但是对十二指肠的利用尚未发现优势。     

沉默信息调节因子1对胃癌侵袭的影响及其机理研究

目的 研究沉默信息调节因子1 （SIRT1）蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达及其对胃癌侵袭的影响和可能机理。方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测46例胃癌组织中SIRT1和血管内皮生长因子A （VEGF-A）蛋白的表达;采用Kaplan-Meier法分析SIRT1蛋白和VEGF-A蛋白表达对胃癌患者预后的影响;采用Western blot法检测GES-1人胃黏膜细胞株及SGC7901人胃癌细胞株中SIRT1蛋白和VEGF-A蛋白的表达;采用siRNA小干扰技术特异性干扰SGC7901细胞株中SIRT1基因的表达后,检测SIRT1蛋白和VEGF-A蛋白的表达;通过细胞侵袭实验检测不同处理后SGC7901细胞侵袭能力的变化。结果 与正常胃黏膜组织比较,胃癌组织中SIRT1蛋白和VEGF-A蛋白均呈高表达（P＜0.050）。SIRT1蛋白阳性表达患者的生存情况较差（P=0.001）,SIRT1及VEGF-A蛋白均呈阳性表达者的生存情况较差（P=0.006）,但VEGF-A蛋白表达与胃癌患者的预后无关（P=0.091）。SGC7901细胞中SIRT1蛋白（P=0.010） 和VEGF-A蛋白（P=0.020） 的表达较GES-1细胞上调。构建SIRT1-siRNA特异性抑制SIRT1基因的表达后（siRNA阳性组）,SIRT1蛋白和VGEF-A蛋白的表达均下调（P=0.010）,且SGC7901细胞的侵袭能力下降（P=0.000）。结论 SIRT1基因可能通过促进VEGF-A蛋白的表达而促进胃癌的侵袭,其可能是抑制胃癌侵袭的一个治疗靶点。     

经皮辅助关节囊入路治疗老年股骨颈骨折的早期疗效

目的探讨经皮辅助关节囊(SuperPATH)微创入路初次人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的可行性及早期疗效。 方法回顾性分析2015年10月年2016年11月期间,在仪征市人民医院骨科严格按照纳入和排除标准收集的老年股骨颈骨折,采用SuperPATH微创入路初次人工股骨头置换,共纳入患者21例,其中男5例,女16例;左髋6例,右髋15例;平均年龄为(74±9)岁。观察切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量及并发症等情况。采用髋关节Harris评分标准评定术前、术后3 d及术后3个月患髋功能。计量资料用W检验观察数据是否成正态分布;髋关节Harris评分采用重复测量的方差分析比较,组间两两比较采用t检验。 结果21例患者均获3～6个月随访。手术切口平均长度(7.0±1.5)cm,住院平均时间(9.6±1.8)d,手术平均时间(64±13)min,术中平均出血量(138.7±30.5)ml,下床负重活动平均时间(2.4±0.8)d。患者随访期限内均未发生皮肤坏死、感染、骨折、深静脉血栓(DVT)、关节脱位及下肢不等长等严重并发症。术后3 d患侧髋关节Harris评分平均为(67.3±6.3)分,与术前(12.1±4.3)分比较差异有统计学意义(t＝23.132,P<0.05);术后3个月患侧髋关节Harris评分平均为(84.7±4.5)分,与术后3 d比较差异有统计学意义(t＝9.075,P<0.05)。 结论SuperPATH微创入路初次人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折早期疗效有明显优势,具有创伤小、切口小、出血少、术后疼痛轻、可早期下床、患者满意度高,能降低术后关节脱位等并发症,符合微创外科和快速康复外科的发展理念。     

阿托伐他汀调控PERK/eIF2α/CHOP通路减轻造影剂诱导的大鼠肾小管上皮细胞凋亡

目的研究造影剂肾病大鼠肾脏中葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、内质网调节激酶(PERK)、真核起始因子2α(eIF2α)及C/EBP同源蛋白质(CHOP)的表达情况,探讨内质网应激在造影剂肾病发病中的作用及阿托伐他汀的干预作用。 方法60只大鼠随机分为4组：对照组、模型组和高、低剂量阿托伐他汀组(80 mg,40 mg),每组15只。分别于注射造影剂后24、48、72 h留取血清;检测各组大鼠的血清尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(Scr);TUNEL法及Western印迹法测casepase-3的表达检测肾小管上皮细胞凋亡;免疫组化和Western印迹法检测各组大鼠肾组织GRP78、p-eIF2α、p-PERK及CHOP的表达。 结果与对照组相比,模型组大鼠BUN、Scr显著升高,细胞凋亡严重,GRP78、p-eIF2α、p-PERK及CHOP的表达均显著升高(P< 0.05);与模型组相比,高、低剂量阿托伐他汀组,BUN、Scr显著下降,凋亡指数降低,GRP78、p-eIF2α、p-PERK及CHOP的表达显著下调,但仍高于对照组,差异均达到统计学意义(P<0.05);高、低剂量阿托伐他汀组之间上述各指标差异均不显著。 结论PERK/eIF2α/CHOP通路介导的内质网应激可能参与大鼠造影剂肾病的发生发展;阿托伐他汀在造影剂诱导的肾脏损伤中发挥保护作用,这可能与其调节PERK/eIF2α/CHOP通路,从而减轻内质网应激有关。