Expression, localization, and function of the carnitine transporter octn2 (slc22a5) in human placenta.

L-carnitine is assumed to play an important role in fetal development, and there is evidence that carnitine is transported across the placenta. The protein involved in this transfer, however, has not been identified on a molecular level. We therefore characterized localization and function of the carnitine transporter OCTN2 in human placenta. Significant expression of OCTN2 mRNA was detected in human placenta applying real-time polymerase chain reaction technology. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy using an antibody directed against the carboxy terminus of OCTN2 protein revealed that it is predominantly expressed in the apical membrane of syncytiotrophoblasts. This was confirmed by the costaining of organic anion-transporting polypeptide B and MRP2, which are known to be expressed mainly in the basal and apical syncytiotrophoblasts membrane, respectively. To further support this finding, we performed transport studies using basal and apical placenta membrane vesicles. We could demonstrate that the carnitine uptake into the apical vesicles was about eight times higher compared with the basal ones. Moreover, this uptake was sodium- and pH-dependent with an apparent K(m) value of 21 muM and inhibited by verapamil, which is in line with published data for recombinant OCTN2. Finally, experiments using trophoblasts in cell culture revealed that expression of OCTN2 paralleled human choriogonadotropin production and thus is modulated by cellular differentiation. In summary, we show expression and function of OCTN2 in human placenta. Moreover, several lines of evidence indicate that OCTN2 is localized in the apical membrane of syncytiotrophoblasts, thereby suggesting a major role in the uptake of carnitine during fetal development.     

山西省磁共振成像发展概况

目的　分析山西省磁共振成像 (MRI)发展概况 ,为制定大型医用设备政策提供科学依据。方法　用描述性统计方法研究山西省所有 2 1台MRI的基本情况以及MRI与各地区经济、医院等级间的关系 ,并参照国家政策和部分国家MRI发展情况进行分析。结果　 1.山西省MRI发展水平与当地经济发展水平相一致 ;条件好的医院MRI发展较快 ,设备档次较高。 2 .山西省MRI拥有量、MRI的档次不仅远低于发达国家 ,甚至低于一些发展中国家。但是 ,山西省和太原市MRI的拥有量水平均高于国家制定的MRI配置标准。结论　 1.仅从部分国家 ,包括发展中国家的MRI发展状况相比较的角度看 ,山西省MRI发展水平较低 ,与快速发展的经济不相适应 ,应加快其发展步伐。 2 .由于山西省和太原市在我国经济发展中处于较低水平 ,MRI发展已超过国家标准 ,旧的标准不再适合新的发展 ,应考虑修定MRI发展标准     

成人三种膜性肾病的临床与病理分析

目的阐明成人病理类型表现为膜性肾病的乙肝相关性肾炎、狼疮性肾炎、特发性膜性肾病的临床与病理特点。方法回顾性分析经肾活检确诊的三种膜性肾病患者86例,对其临床资料、病理特征进行统计分析。结果①三种膜性肾病占有率为乙肝相关性肾炎11.6%、狼疮性肾炎24.4%、特发性膜性肾病64.0%。②三种膜性肾病患者临床表现均以肾病综合征为主,而血尿、高血压及肾功能不全的发病情况在三者间无统计学意义。血清补体C3、C4的降低在狼疮性肾炎患者中明显。③病理改变均以Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期为主,在病理表现中,系膜中重度增生、电子致密物多部位沉积在乙肝相关性肾炎、狼疮性肾炎和特发性膜性肾病间比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论成人以特发性膜性肾病为主,三种膜性肾病的临床表现相似,但有各自临床与病理特点,确诊需综合进行分析。     

医疗机构中药制剂创新和持续发展能力评价研究

目的 对医疗机构中药制剂创新和持续发展能力进行综合评价,为行政管理部门决策及各医院中药制剂可持续发展提供参考。方法 以浙江省133家医疗机构中药制剂调研数据为对象,利用层次分析法构建医疗机构中药制剂创新和持续发展能力评价体系,通过反向传播神经网络构建中药制剂室/中心评价体系预测模型。结果 构建的医疗机构中药制剂创新和持续发展能力评价指标体系包含4项二级指标以及19项三级指标,其中研发品种数、超百万品种数、注册品种数、研发方式、制剂室面积指标的权重值较高,分别为 0.15758、0.12928、0.09343、0.07879和0.07458。熵权法结合层次分析法的指标权重构建反向传播神经网络,Levenberg-Marquardt算法和Scaled Conjugate Gradient算法训练模型总体相关系数分别为0.98983和0.9348。结论 本研究构建了一个科学有效的医疗机构中药制剂创新和持续发展能力综合评价体系,可实现对医疗机构中药制剂综合能力的预测评价。     

Intraoperative blood transfusion in pediatric patients undergoing renal transplant—Effect of renal graft size

In pediatric RT, donor allograft size often exceeds the expected recipient norms, especially in younger recipients. An “oversize” graft might not only present a technical‐ and space‐related challenge, but may possibly lead to increased demands in perioperative volume requirements due to the disparity between donor and recipient in renal blood flow. We evaluated transfusion practices at a single tertiary institution with special consideration of kidney graft size, hypothesizing that oversize graft kidneys might lead to a quantifiable increased need of blood transfusion in smaller recipients. Retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent pediatric RT from January 2004 to June 2014 at a tertiary pediatric centre was performed. Variables analyzed included patient age, weight, pre‐ and postoperative Hb concentration, graft size, EBL, amount of intraoperative blood transfusion, and preoperative use of erythropoietin. Based on graft size in relation to patient's age, a SMR and an OvR were identified. A subcohort of age‐matched pairs was used to allow for comparison between groups. We calculated the expected procedure‐ and transfusion‐induced changes in Hb and compared these changes to the observed difference in pre‐ vs postoperative Hb to assess the influence of graft size on transfusion requirements. RT was performed in 188 pediatric recipients during the study period. In the matched cohort, percentage of transfused patients during transplantation in the OvR group was more than double compared with SMR (89% vs 39%, P < .001); similarly, the median number of transfused PRBC units in OvR was 1, while the median of SMR did not receive transfusion (P < .001). The difference between expected (calculated) and observed change in Hb was significantly higher in OvR with a median of 1.9 g/dL compared with SMR with a median of 1.0 g/dL (P = .026). Correspondingly, the calculated median volume taken up by a regular size kidney was significantly higher with 213 mL compared with 313 mL (P = .031) taken up by an oversize graft kidney. Median estimated intraoperative blood loss was significantly higher in OvR than in SMR (6.9 mL/kg, vs 5.3 mL/kg, respectively; P = .04). Median postoperative Hb was similar among groups (10.4 g/dL vs 10.6 g/dL for SMR vs OvR, respectively). Transplantation of an oversized kidney in pediatric RT recipients is associated with a quantifiable higher need for blood transfusion. This may be caused by a higher intraoperative EBL and/or greater blood volume sequestered by the larger renal allograft and requires further evaluation.     

鲜益母草胶囊和益母草流浸膏对血液系统影响的比较研究

目的：观察鲜益母草胶囊对动物血液系统的作用。以求证其活性化瘀功效。方法：运用自然出血法，毛细管凝血法，烫伤致瘀法，优球蛋白降解法和微循环观察法分别观察鲜益母草胶囊对大小鼠出血、凝血、血瘀、纤溶及微循环的影响，并与益母草流浸膏进行比较。结果：鲜益母草胶囊对大鼠出血时间没有明显影响；高剂量鲜益母草胶囊能延长小鼠的凝血时间；能明显对抗烫伤大鼠血小板聚集活性的增高；能明显缩短大鼠优球蛋白溶解时间（ELT），提高纤溶活性；显著改善大鼠肠系膜凝循环。结论：与益母草流浸膏比较，鲜益母草胶囊具有较强的活血化瘀作用。     

试论儿科护士的服务意识与服务艺术

医院最大的特色是服务,讲的最多的也是服务,患者最不满意的往往还是服务。服务意识是做好医疗服务的前提,服务艺术是保证医患关系和谐发展的关键。对于儿科护士来讲,护理服务艺术又有其不同于护理成人患者的艺术内涵。本文从儿科护理服务艺术的四个方面:语言艺术、行为艺术、知人艺术、情感艺术等分别论述了护士在为患儿提供优质护理的同时,如何让患儿家长感受到来自院方的对患儿的贴心关怀和真诚帮助,完善儿科整体护理。     

RP-HPLC测定地佐辛的含量

目的:建立地佐辛含量测定的反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)。方法:色谱柱为SHIMADZV VP-ODS(250 mm×4.6 mm;5μm),流动相为乙腈-三乙胺溶液(20∶80),检测波长:281 nm,流速:1.0 m L/min,柱温:30℃,进样量:20μL。结果:地佐辛在0.05~0.30 mg/m L范围内线性关系良好,r=1.000 0;平均回收率为100.2%(RSD=1.0%)。结论:该法操作简便、结果准确,可以用于地佐辛的定量分析。     

天然脂糖肽类抗生素A40926的研究进展

A40926是由Nonomuraea sp.ATCC 39727代谢产生的一种天然脂糖肽类抗生素,结构与替考拉宁相似,生物活性显著,是半合成脂糖肽类抗生素dalbavancin的前体.本文跟踪了近年来国际上A40926的研究进展,从A40926的发现及产生菌、抗菌活性及作用机制、前体导向生物合成、结构修饰及临床研究等方面进行了系统阐述.     

玉液汤对糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效观察及机制探讨

目的:观察玉液汤对糖尿病性黄斑水肿的临床疗效及其与IL-6、VEGF的影响。方法:将60例糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者随机分成2组,治疗组给予玉液汤+激光光凝治疗,对照组予激光光凝治疗,观察治疗4周后2组视力、视网膜厚度、视网膜血管情况等;应用ELISA检测2组患者血清中IL-6、VEGF含量表达情况。结果:2组经不同方法治疗4周后视力、视网膜厚度、视网膜血管情况比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗组经玉液汤口服治疗与对照组比较,IL-6、VEGF的血清含量情况明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:玉液汤治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿可以有效提高视力、改善视网膜厚度、视网膜血管情况,是一种安全有效的治疗方式,值得临床推广应用,而调节IL-6和VEGF可能是玉液汤发挥治疗作用的重要靶点。