基于术前血清学指标AFP和GGT的标准在预测肝细胞癌患者肝移植术后长期生存中的作用研究

目的  分析术前血清学指标对肝细胞癌（HCC）患者肝移植术后长期生存和肿瘤复发的预测作用,探索其对扩大米兰标准的意义。方法  回顾性分析669例HCC肝移植受者的临床资料,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线计算最佳截取值,采用单因素和多因素回归分析影响HCC患者肝移植术后总生存率和无复发生存率的危险因素,分析术前血清肝酶与肿瘤病理学特征的相关性,比较甲胎蛋白（AFP）联合γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）以及不同肝移植标准对HCC患者肝移植术后生存和复发的预测价值。结果  超米兰标准、肿瘤直径之和（TTD） > 8 cm、AFP > 200 ng/mL和GGT > 84 U/L是影响HCC患者肝移植术后总生存率和无复发生存率的独立危险因素（均为P < 0.05）。相关性分析结果显示,术前血清GGT水平与TTD,肿瘤数量,静脉侵犯,微卫星病变,包膜侵犯,肿瘤、淋巴结、转移（TNM）分期,Child-Pugh评分,超米兰标准均存在相关性（均为P < 0.05）。将米兰标准、TTD与血清肝酶指标（AFP和GGT）结合,提出Milan-AFP-GGT-TTD（M-AGT）标准。符合M-AGT标准者（其中111例超米兰标准）术后5年总生存率和无复发生存率均高于符合杭州标准者（均为P < 0.05）,与符合加州大学旧金山分校（UCSF）标准者的术后5年总生存率和无复发生存率比较差异均无统计学意义（均为P > 0.05）。结论  术前血清学指标AFP和GGT可有效预测HCC患者肝移植术后长期生存和肿瘤复发,建立基于血清学指标的M-AGT标准有助于补充米兰标准,且简单易行。     

Extracorporeal High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation in the Treatment of Patients with Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive treatment modality that induces complete coagulative necrosis of a deep tumor through the intact skin. The current study was conducted to determine the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of extracorporeal HIFU in the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: A total of 55 patients with HCC with cirrhosis were enrolled in this prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. Among them, 51 patients had unresectable HCC. Tumor size ranged from 4 to 14 cm in diameter with mean diameter of 8.14 cm. According to tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification, 15 patients corresponded to stage II, 16 to stage IIIA, and 24 to IIIC. All patients had HIFU, and the median number of HIFU session was 1.69. Safety and efficacy of HIFU were assessed in this trial.Results: No severe side effect was observed in the patients treated with HIFU. Follow-up imaging showed an absence of tumor vascular supply and the shrinkage of treated lesions. Serum -fetoprotein returned to normal level in 34% of patients. The overall survival rates at 6, 12, and 18 months were 86.1%, 61.5%, and 35.3%, respectively. The survival rates were significantly higher in patients in stage II than those in stage IIIA (P = .0132) and in stage IIIC (P = .0265).Conclusion: As a noninvasive therapy, HIFU appears to be effective, safe, and feasible in the treatment of patients with HCC. It may play an important role in the ablation of large tumors.     

乳腺增生病p53基因第6外显子突变检测

目的：探讨p53基因在乳腺癌发生早期的作用及早期诊断乳腺癌的分子病理指标。方法：用PCR－SSCP检测36例乳腺单纯性增生、31例不典型增生、30例乳腺癌中p53基因第6外显子突变，用DNA直接测序技术确定突变的碱基及其所在的密码子。结果：乳腺单纯性增生、不典型增生、乳腺癌中p53基因第6外显子的突变率分别为0、6．5％（2／31）、13．3％（4／30）。6个点突变均为碱基替换，其中4个发生于第192密码子（CAG→TAG），2个发生于第213密码子（CGA→TGA），两者均导致多肽链合成提前终止。结论：乳腺癌不典型增生中存在p53基因第6外显子突变，该突变可能在乳腺不典型增生发展到乳腺癌过程中起重要作用，可作为早期诊断乳腺癌的辅助指标。     

经尿道电气化切除下段输尿管在上尿路肿瘤治疗中的应用

目的探讨经尿道电气化切除下段输尿管在上尿路肿瘤治疗中的应用价值。方法采用肾切除 经尿道电气化切除下段输尿管治疗上尿路移行细胞癌26例。结果26例手术时间1．5～2．5h，平均2h，腹膜后引流管留置24～48h，导尿管留置3～5d．术后未见出血、尿瘘、感染及切口肿瘤种植等。22例获得随访4～74个月．平均38个月，3例手术后6～9个月发生膀胱移行细胞癌并行膀胱部分切除或TUR—Bt术，患侧输尿管走行区及输尿管膀胱开口部未见肿瘤复发。结论该手术方法创伤小，术后并发症少．效果良好．是治疗上尿路肿瘤的有效手术方法。     

Optimization of the position of the acetabulum in a ganz periacetabular osteotomy by finite element analysis

Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a surgical procedure to correct acetabular orientation in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). It changes the position of the acetabulum to increase femoral head coverage and distribute the contact pressure over the cartilage surface. The success of PAO depends significantly on the surgeon's experience. Using computed tomography data from patients with DDH, we developed a 3D finite element (FE) model to investigate the optimal position of the acetabulum following PAO. A virtual PAO was performed with the acetabulum rotated in increments from the original center edge (CE) angle. Contact area, contact pressure, and Von Mises stress in the femoral and pelvic cartilage were analyzed. Five dysplastic hips from four patients were modeled. Contact area, contact pressure, and Von Mises stress in the cartilage all varied according to the change of CE angle through virtual PAO. An optimal position could be achieved for the acetabulum that maximizes the contact area while minimizing the contact pressure and von Mises stress in the pelvic and femoral cartilage. The optimal position of the acetabulum was patient dependent and did not always correspond to what would be considered a “normal” CE angle. We demonstrated for the first time the interrelation of correction angle, contact area, and contact pressure between the pelvic and femoral cartilage in PAO surgery. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 472–479, 2013     

Identification of a novel missense mutation in angiogenin in a Chinese amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cohort

Abstract Angiogenin (ANG) gene mutations have been identified in both familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients from multiple European and North American populations. However, no ANG mutation has yet been reported in Asian ALS populations. Here, we screened for ANG mutations in a Chinese ALS cohort. The entire coding region of the ANG gene was sequenced in 10 familial ALS pedigrees, 202 sporadic ALS patients, and 151 healthy controls. All patients were negative for SOD1, FUS, and TARDBP mutations. We identified a novel missense mutation, c.379G > A (p.V103I), in one sporadic ALS patient, but not in the controls. No mutations were found in the familial ALS patients. A novel missense variant, c.323A > G (p.H84R), was detected in one healthy individual. We identified the presence of the known single nucleotide polymorphism, rs11701 (T/G), in both ALS cases and controls. However, no significant association of the G allele with ALS susceptibility was demonstrated. In conclusion, ANG mutations accounted for 0.5% of our SOD1-, FUS-, TARDBP- mutation-negative ALS cohort. Our findings highlight that the genetic background of ALS differs between different populations, and suggest that ANG mutation may be involved in the aetiology of ALS in the Han Chinese population.     

CTLA-4 exon 1 +49A/G polymorphism is associated with renal involvement in pediatric Henoch–Sch?nlein purpura

Background

Henoch–Sch?nlein purpura (HSP) is a multisystemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and CD28 have been reported to be important candidate genes for conferring susceptibility to autoimmunity. In this study, we investigated the correlation of CTLA-4 and CD28 gene polymorphisms with HSP in children with and without renal involvement.

Methods

The CTLA-4 exon 1 +49A/G, promoter -318C/T and CD28 IVS3 +17T/C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 110 children with HSP and 90 ethnically matched healthy controls through restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP).

Results

The CTLA-4 (+49) GG genotype and G allele (GG + AG genotype) were more common in HSP patients with renal involvement (n?=?52) than in HSP patients without renal involvement (n?=?58) (P?=?0.019 and 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of CTLA-4 (+49 A/G), (-318C/T) and CD28 IVS3 (+17 /T/C) polymorphisms between HSP patients and controls.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the CTLA-4 +49 GG genotype and G allele may contribute to increased risk for the development of renal damage in HSP patients.     

椎体成形术后残留腰背痛与腰背筋膜损伤的相关性研究

背景:椎体成形术可有效缓解骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折引起的疼痛,但是部分患者术后短期内仍残留轻度至中度疼痛。而这种残留的腰背痛可能与腰背筋膜损伤相关。目的:探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折行椎体成形术后腰背痛缓解和腰背筋膜损伤的关系。方法:2010年2月至2012年3月收治骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者133例,行椎体成形术治疗,术前通过MR检查确定责任椎,并观察腰背筋膜损伤情况。术前术后通过视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评估患者的疼痛程度。结果:腰背筋膜损伤组患者VAS、ODI术前为9.11±0.76、73.93%±1.46%,术后为2.70±0.83、29.34%±2.69%;无腰背筋膜损伤组患者VAS、ODI术前为9.26±0.82、73.96%±1.38%,术后为1.23±0.87、22.27%±1.25%。腰背筋膜损伤组患者术后残留的疼痛较无腰背筋膜损伤组患者更为严重;两者的差异具有统计学意义。结论:骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者行椎体成形术后残留腰背部疼痛与腰背筋膜损伤具有相关性。     

双切口接骨板内固定治疗距骨颈粉碎性骨折的临床效果

背景：距骨颈骨折是距骨骨折中最常见的类型,采用切开复位螺钉内固定是经典的手术方式,但总体疗效仍不尽人意,尤其是采用单切口时,内翻畸形愈合率较高,且对于粉碎性骨折,螺钉固定效果也不佳。双切口是目前临床推崇的手术入路,结合接骨板固定,可获得良好的疗效。目的：探讨双切口接骨板内固定治疗距骨颈粉碎性骨折的手术技巧及疗效。方法：2010年5月至2011年5月,我院共收治13例闭合距骨颈粉碎性骨折患者。根据Hawkins分型：II型8例,III型5例。所有患者入院后行常规X线检查及CT扫描以明确骨折类型和粉碎程度,待肿胀消退后择期行双切口接骨板内固定术。术后定期复查X线片,并采用直观模拟量表（VAS）、美国骨科足踝外科协会（AOFAS）踝与后足评分系统及简明健康状况调查表（SF-36）综合评估最终治疗效果,同时记录相关并发症情况。结果：本组11例获得随访,随访时间12-24个月,平均18．7个月。患者术后均无切口感染,边缘和皮瓣坏死及内固定失败等并发症发生。X线结果显示,术后骨折端愈合的时间为8～12周,平均10．4周。末次随访时VAS评分0～5分,平均1．09±1．64分。AOFAS踝与后足评分为72-95分,平均84．55±7．29分。SF．36评分为70-96分,平均85．00±7．84分。未见畸形愈合发生。结论：采用双切口接骨板内固定治疗距骨颈骨折技术要求简单,在获得稳定固定的同时,还可维持距骨颈力线,避免畸形愈合,是治疗距骨颈粉碎性骨折有效的治疗方法。     

叶酸辅助舍曲林对抑郁症患者血清脑源性神经营养因子及同型半胱氨酸的影响研究

背景　抑郁症患者体内血清叶酸水平与其发病程度存在一定关系。叶酸作为增效剂能够明显改善抑郁症患者的临床症状,但其机制未明。目的　探讨叶酸辅助舍曲林对抑郁症患者血清脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）的影响。方法　选取2017年1月-2018年1月在湖北省武汉市第二精神病医院精神科接受治疗的100名符合研究标准的抑郁症住院患者为研究对象,依据随机数字表法将其分为对照组（50例）和研究组（50例）。对照组患者采用常规舍曲林治疗,研究组患者在常规舍曲林治疗基础上增服叶酸。两组患者均治疗8周。比较治疗前及治疗后两组患者血清叶酸、BDNF、Hcy、星型胶质源性蛋白（S100B）、髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）、特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、胰岛素生长因子-1（IGF-1）水平,汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分,临床疗效。并采用副反应量表（TESS）评定不良反应发生情况。结果　治疗后研究组患者血清叶酸、BDNF水平高于对照组,血清Hcy水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组患者治疗后血清叶酸水平高于治疗前（P<0.05）。治疗后研究组患者血清S100B、NSE水平低于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗后两组患者血清MBP、IGF-1水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者治疗后血清S100B、NSE水平低于治疗前（P<0.05）。治疗后研究组患者HAMD、HAMA评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗后HAMD、HAMA评分均低于治疗前（P<0.05）。研究组患者有效率为96.0%（48/50）,高于对照组的82.0%（41/50）（χ2=5.005,P<0.05）。研究组患者不良反应发生率为16.0%（8/50）,对照组患者不良反应发生率为14.0%（7/50）,两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.078,P>0.05）。结论　叶酸辅助舍曲林能够有效提高抑郁症患者血清叶酸、BDNF水平,降低血清Hcy、S100B、NSE水平。