膝骨关节炎基因表达及中医药干预机制的研究进展

膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)是一种多发于中老年的关节退行性的、不可逆转的骨关节病,在人群中的患病率呈不断上升趋势。近年来研究发现,基因点突变和多种基因改变可能导致膝骨性关节炎的高发,中医药干预后能有效影响相关基因改变。笔者通过综述近年来中医药在基因方面对膝骨关节炎的影响研究进展,以期找到防治膝骨关节炎的新靶点和新途径。     

尘肺CR摄片350例技术分析

近年来,医疗技术不断革新,尘肺摄片中,除常规普通仟伏摄片外,通过CR摄影检查,再通过技术处理,能够获得更清晰的影像资料。为临床提供更准确的诊断依据。     

CT联合超声诊断POEMS综合征

目的探讨POEMS综合征CT和超声影像学表现特点,提高认识能力。方法选取4例经CT和超声诊断的POEMS综合征患者临床资料,分析影像学表现。结果 4例均为男性,CT表现4例腋窝、腹股沟淋巴结多发肿大,3例纵隔淋巴结肿大,增强扫描呈明显均匀强化,超声显示淋巴结内部及周围血流丰富;4例多浆膜腔积液;3例脊柱、骨盆、胸骨多发局限性骨质硬化;3例乳腺发育;3例肺动脉高压。结论骨质硬化性改变、多中心富血供淋巴结肿大、肺动脉高压在POEMS综合征有一定影像学特点,密切结合临床可做出正确诊断。     

脑梗死后自发性出血转化的相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨急性脑梗死自发性出血转化(HT)的相关危险因素.方法 对北京市海淀医院神经内科2011年6月至2014年12月收治的409例未溶栓治疗的脑梗死患者进行研究;其中HT组42例,非HT组367例.回顾性分析2组患者的临床指标,筛选急性脑梗死自发性HT的相关危险因素.结果 HT组患者脑白质病变、卒中史、糖尿病、高血压、心房颤动(房颤)、大面积脑梗死的发生率及24 h收缩压变异系数(CV)、舒张压CV水平均高于对照组(P＜0.05).logistic回归分析显示,脑白质病变(OR=1.794,95％CI 1.086～2.593,P=0.005)、房颤(OR=1.811,95％CI1.122～9.819,P=0.018)、大面积脑梗死(OR=6.527,95％CI 3.998～9.901,P=0.000)、收缩压CV(OR=1.994,95％CI1.158～4.876,P=0.022)、舒张压CV(OR=3.014,95％CI 2.121～5.032,P=0.008)是急性脑梗死自发性HT的独立危险因素.结论 脑白质病变、房颤、脑梗死面积和血压变异性是急性脑梗死自发性HT的独立危险因素,能够预测自发性HT的发生.     

Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis B virus in China

Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection is prevalent in China. Approximately 600 million people have ever been infected by HBV. About 130 million are HBV chronic carders and 30 million HB patients. Among them, 50% of HBV carriers are caused by carrier mothers to born infants. Around 300 000 people died of liver disease including liver cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma each year and 50% of them died of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV infection is not only the health problem but also becoming a social problem. HBV chronic carriers and patients have endured the great pressure from disease burden and social discrimination. According to the report of the national screening program of HBV released by the ministry of health in 2008, China has taken many effective measures to control the HBV infection, including vaccine immunization program, strengthening the management of blood sources and blood productions, prevention of nosocomial HBV infection, strengthening health education on HBV infection and safe injection techniques. The implementation of HB vaccine immunization program, which China officially introduced into the national immunization program since 1992, has dramatically reduced the incidence of HBV infection among infants and children. Integrated with other interventions, the rate of HBV infection decreased gradually. According to the survey of the national screening program of HBV in 2006, compared with the incidence of HBV in 1992, the incidence rate of HBsAg positive has decreased 26.36%, the number of children who have ever been infected by HBV decreased 80 million since 1992. However some problems are still existing. The solutions of low rate of vaccination in rural areas and migration population, lacking of practical measures on management of hepatitis B patients, the occurrence of health care acquired HBV infection, and low rate of vaccination among high risk groups have also been recommended.     

The antiapoptotic effect of insulin against anoxia/reoxygenation injury in cultured cardiomyocyte of neonatal rat

Objective： To study protective effect of insulin against cardiomyocyte apoptosis in anoxia/reoxygenation （A/R） injury of neonatal rat. Methods： The model of A/R injury was finished through receiving anoxia for 2h and reoxygenation for 4h in cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rat. The cardiomyocytes were divided randomly into 3 groups： control group （CON）, anoxia/reoxygenation group （A/R） and insulin-treated group （INS）. At the end of reoxygenation of 4 hours, activities of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）, contents of malondiaidehyde （MDA）, were assessed through spectrophotometric procedures, myocyte apoptosis were detected through TUNEL and DNA Ladder. Results： MDA, LDH, and Apoptosis Index were significantly decreased in INS group compared with A/R group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Insulin has a protective effect against A/R injury in cultured cardiomyocyte of neonatal rat; the protective mechanism may contribute to antiapoptosis of insulin.     

手术联合125I粒子植入治疗脑复发恶性胶质瘤的临床应用分析

目的探讨手术联合125I粒子植入治疗脑复发恶性胶质瘤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析手术联合125I粒子植入治疗17例复发的脑胶质瘤患者的临床资料,观察患者术后情况、生存时间等指,并采用Kaplan-Meier法对全组累积生存率进行分析。结果17例患者均获得随访,其中14例（82．4％）患者死亡,3例（17．6％）患者仍然存活,随访时间32～168w,总体中位生存时间72w,间质内放疗后中位生存时间45w,6个月无进展生存率为42％,行间质内放疗后,生存质量评分（karnofsky performance scale,KPS）评分≥70分患者中位生存时间为55w,KPS评分〈70分患者中位生存时间为43w,其生存时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,术后及随访过程中未出现严重并发症。结论手术联合125I粒子永久性植入治疗脑复发恶性胶质瘤具有可操作性强、安全性高等特点,可显著延长患者的整体生存时间,提高患者的整体生存质量,对于脑复发恶性胶质瘤是一项有效的治疗手段。     

原发嗜酸细胞增多症临床分析

目的探讨原发嗜酸细胞增多症的临床特点.方法回顾性分析55例原发嗜酸细胞增多症患者的临床资料.结果55例均符合原发嗜酸细胞增多症的诊断标准,男性为女性的2倍.胃肠道异常为最常见的临床表现(50.8%),其次为肺部病变(37.7%)、心脏病变(26.2%)和神经系统病变(21.3%);其他临床表现包括皮肤改变(19.7%)、浅表淋巴结肿大(18%)、血栓形成(9.8%)和哮喘(3.3%).肠黏膜和浅表淋巴结活检均表现为大量嗜酸细胞浸润,经糖皮质激素治疗后 临床表现均明显好转.结论男性较女性更易患原发嗜酸细胞增多症,最常见的受累器官为胃肠道、肺、心脏和神经系统,糖皮质激素治疗有效.     

苍麻丸加味治疗支气管扩张急性加重期痰湿阻肺证患者的效果研究

目的 探讨苍麻丸加味治疗支气管扩张急性加重期痰湿阻肺证患者的临床疗效.方法 将68例支气管扩张急性加重期患者随机分为2组,对照组给予硫酸沙丁胺醇气雾剂和盐酸氨溴索片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用苍麻丸加味治疗.2组连续治疗2周.比较2组痰湿阻肺证症状评分、肺功能指标、临床疗效以及血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞计数(W...     

Improving pharmacist-patient communications based on King's theory of goal attainment: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial

IntroductionPrevious studies revealed widespread poor communications between pharmacists and patients in various settings. But little is known about how pharmacists communicate with patients and its impact on patient outcomes. King's theory of goal attainment (TGA) describes the dynamic interpersonal interactions in which a patient develops and attains certain goals.This study aims to: (i) test the TGA model in the interface between pharmacists and patients; and (ii) evaluate the effects of TGA-guided interventions.MethodsThe study will be conducted in 30 community pharmacies recruited from three cities in China's Hubei province. It will start with a baseline cross-sectional survey on 640 patients to test the hypothesized TGA model in community pharmacies. An intervention program will then be developed based on the TGA model and will be evaluated in a matched-pair cluster randomized trial. The participating pharmacies will be pair-matched and randomly allocated to an intervention group and a control group. Pharmacists in the intervention group will receive three sessions of training in line with the TGA model over one year, compared with a pharmaceutical training program in the control group without a communication component. A double-blind procedure will apply. Changes in patient experience in communications and pharmaceutical care will be analyzed.Ethics and dissemination:The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (IORG: IORG 0003571).Trial registrationChiCTR1800014679.