早发冠心病患者脂蛋白脂酶基因多态性与血脂关系研究

目的:探讨早发冠心病(CHD)患者脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)基因多态性特征及其与血脂关系。方法:收集106例早发CHD患者(早发CHD组)血脂参数等资料,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法,分析LPL的P、H基因型及其等位基因频率分布(HindⅢ和PVUⅡ酶切),并与81例非CHD者(对照组)进行比较。结果:早发CHD组血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平较对照组明显升高(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平较对照组降低(P<0.05)。早发CHD组P+,H+等位基因频率高于对照组(P<0.05)。H+H+基因型TC、TG明显高于H+H-基因型,HDL-D低于H+H-基因型;P+P+基因型TG明显高于P-P-基因型,HDL-C低于P-P-基因型(均P<0.05)。结论:早发CHD患者血清TC、TG和LDL-C高于对照组,HDL-C低于对照组;P+,H+等位基因频率高于对照组。H+H+和P+P+基因型影响血脂水平。     

肝细胞生长因子治疗心肌梗死后心力衰竭的实验研究

目的研究经冠状动脉转染携带人肝细胞生长因子(hepatocytegrowthfactor,HGF)的腺病毒(adenovirus,Ad5)对猪心肌梗死后心力衰竭的改善作用。方法12只苏中幼猪,随机分成转染Ad5-HGF组(治疗组)和转染未携带肝细胞生长因子的腺病毒载体(null-Ad5)组(对照组),每组6只。结扎前降支制成心肌梗死模型,手术后第4周及第7周时行冠状动脉造影和门控心肌灌注显像,评价侧支循环形成程度(Rentorp法)、心肌灌注及心功能的变化;用ELISA法检测肝细胞生长因子蛋白表达;以免疫组织化学法检测基因导入后平滑肌肌动蛋白抗体阳性(SMA )有灌注功能血管生成情况。结果经冠状动脉转染Ad5-HGF后心肌高度表达人HGF蛋白;治疗组心肌血流灌注及左心室射血分数(LVEF)较对照组明显改善;治疗组侧支循环形成明显增多,每平方毫米功能血管的数量明显高于对照组。结论经冠状动脉转染Ad5-HGF能使心肌高度表达HGF蛋白。HGF对梗死心肌的侧支循环形成、心肌灌注及心功能均有改善作用,能促进功能血管数增多。     

A combination of ssGSEA and mass cytometry identifies immune microenvironment in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer

BackgroundMuscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a heterogeneous disease with varying clinical courses and responses to treatment. To improve the prognosis of patients, it is necessary to understand such heterogeneity.MethodsWe used single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis to classify 35 MIBC cases into immunity‐high and immunity‐low groups. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to compare the differences between these groups. Eventually, single‐cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) was used to compare the characteristics of the immune microenvironment between the patients in the two groups.ResultsCompared with patients in the immunity‐low group, patients in the immunity‐high group had a higher number of tumor‐infiltrating immune cells and greater enrichment of gene sets associated with antitumor immune activity. Furthermore, positive immune response‐related pathways were more enriched in the immunity‐high group. We identified 26 immune cell subsets, including cytotoxic T cells (Tcs), helper T cells (Ths), regulatory T cells (Tregs), B cells, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) using CyTOF. Furthermore, there was a higher proportion of CD45+ lymphocytes and enrichment of one Tc subset in the immunity‐high group. Additionally, M2 macrophages were highly enriched in the immunity‐low group. Finally, there was higher expression of PD‐1 and Tim‐3 on Tregs as well as a higher proportion of PD‐1+ Tregs in the immunity‐low group than in the immunity‐high group.ConclusionIn summary, the immune microenvironments of the immunity‐high and immunity‐low groups of patients with MIBC are heterogeneous. Specifically, immune suppression was observed in the immune microenvironment of the patients in the immunity‐low group.     

Intra-abdominal hypertension and increased acute kidney injury risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe present meta-analysis aimed to determine the relationship between intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and an increased prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and identify the associated risk factors in various patient populations, regardless of whether they were admitted to an intensive care unit.MethodsWe used three databases for the following search terms: “IAH,” “abdominal compartment syndrome,” “AKI,” “acute kidney failure,” and others. The articles retrieved were compared to identify appropriate studies published until 7 May 2020. The main outcome was AKI.ResultsSix studies with 344 individuals were included. The patients were divided into two main groups: the IAH and non-IAH groups. Compared with patients without IAH, patients with IAH had a higher risk of AKI (odds ratio = 2.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.55–4.26). In the subgroup and meta-regression analyses, body mass index, age, the presence or absence of burns, and cardiac surgery did not affect the risk of AKI.ConclusionIAH was associated with AKI risk, and this association was not influenced by age, body mass index, the presence or absence of burns, or cardiac surgery.     

调强放射治疗“end to end”质量控制核查中应用针尖电离室测量小野剂量的初步研究

目的:在调强放射治疗“end to end”质量核查中,探讨应用针尖电离室对调强放射治疗小野照射进行绝对剂量测量的研究。方法:选择3省20家医院,将放有热释光剂量计TLD（距模体表面距离约7.5 cm）和胶片的国际原子能机构（IAEA）模体进行CT扫描,图像导入放射治疗计划系统（TPS）中,设计治疗计划,进行7野等中心调强照射,MLC照射野大小>2 cm×2 cm且<4 cm×4 cm。同时针尖电离室（0.015 cc）放在固体水模体距模体表面7.5 cm下进行点剂量绝对剂量验证:（1）将治疗计划中射野角度归零平移到固体水模体中进行剂量验证;（2）治疗计划射野角度不归零时为实际治疗照射方向,平移到固体水模体中进行绝对剂量验证。结果:在调强放射治疗多叶光栅小野照射的固体水模体中,用针尖电离室测量的绝对剂量与TPS计算得到的绝对剂量比较,7野照射方向归为零度时,比较偏差<5%;实际照射方向时,比较偏差<5%。验证后的计划,在IAEA模体上进行实际7野调强治疗,模体中的高剂量靶区胶片（Gafchromic EBT3 film）绝对剂量通过率均≥90%（Gamma分析:3%, 3 mm）,TLD偏差<7%。均符合IAEA提出的标准。结论:在调强放射治疗多叶光栅小野照射时,可以应用针尖电离室作为绝对剂量验证的一个方法。     

喉罩在非常规手术麻醉应用的新进展

喉罩作为一种声门上气道工具,由于无法完全保障气道的安全,临床应用受到某些患者特殊情况、手术类型和体位的限制。气管导管一直作为这类特殊患者或者手术术中维持气道的首选方法,近年来,随着喉罩设计的改进与技术的成熟,越来越多的麻醉医生选择喉罩代替气管导管用于非常规手术,有证据显示,只要谨慎选择患者和做好术中管理同样可以保障气道安全,并且更有利于维持循环稳定和减少气道并发症。本文通过讨论喉罩在剖宫产、俯卧位、妇科腹腔镜和胸腔镜手术中应用的优缺点,为临床应用提供参考意见。     

Facile construction of Fe,N and P co-doped carbon spheres by carbothermal strategy for the adsorption and reduction of U(vi)

In this work, nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped magnetic carbon spheres encapsulating well-dispersed active Fe nanocrystals (Fe/P-CN) were fabricated via a simple copolymer pyrolysis strategy. Benefiting from heteroatoms doping, Fe/P-CN could primarily adsorb soluble U(vi) ions through abundant functional groups, and subsequently, the adsorbed U(vi) could be reduced to insoluble U(iv) by Fe nanocrystals. Fe/P-CN pyrolyzed at 800 °C (Fe/P-CN-800) exhibited excellent U(vi) removal capacity of 306.76 mg g⁻¹, surpassing nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon spheres and nano zero-valent iron. In addition, the magnetic separation and thermal reactivation properties endow Fe/P-CN-800 with excellent reusability. This research, especially, provides a promising synergistic adsorption and reduction strategy to effectively remove U(vi) using heteroatom-doped composites.

The constructed novel magnetic carbon sphere co-doped by N, P, Fe (Fe/P-CN) exhibits high U(vi) removal efficiency, excellent magnetic separation and reusability, evidencing the potential practical applications in environmental remediation.