Long-Term Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life at Minimum 10-Year Follow-Up After Fixed-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty and Total Knee Arthroplasty for Isolated Medial Compartment Osteoarthritis

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to compare the long-term functional outcome and quality of life between total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for the treatment of isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2008, a total of 218 patients underwent primary UKA at our tertiary hospital. A TKA group was matched through 1:1 propensity score matching and adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, preoperative knee flexion, and function scores. All patients had medial compartment osteoarthritis. The patients were assessed with the range of motion, Knee Society Knee Score and Knee Society Function Score, Oxford Knee Score, Short Form-36 physical component score (PCS) and mental component score preoperatively, at 6 months, 2 years, and 10 years. Patients’ satisfaction, expectation fulfillment, and minimal clinically important difference were analyzed.ResultsThere were no differences in baseline characteristics between groups after propensity score matching (P > .05). UKA had greater knee flexion at all time points. Although the Knee Society Function Score was superior in UKA by 5.5, 3, and 4.3 points at 6 months, 2 years, and 10 years, respectively (P < .001), these differences did not exceed the minimal clinically important difference (Knee Society Knee Score 6.1). There were no significant differences in the Oxford Knee Score and Short Form-36 physical component score/mental component score. At 10 years, similar proportions of UKA and TKA were satisfied (90.8% vs 89.9%, P = .44) and had expectation fulfillment (89.4% vs 88.5%, P = .46). Between 2 and 10 years, all function scores deteriorated significantly for both groups (P < .01).ConclusionUKA and TKA are excellent treatment modalities for isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis, with similar functional outcomes, quality of life, and satisfaction at 10 years.     

Risk Factors and Effect of Acute Kidney Injury on Outcomes Following Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundDevelopment of acute kidney injury (AKI) following primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is a potentially avoidable complication associated with negative outcomes including discharge to facilities and mortality. Few studies have identified modifiable risk factors or strategies that the surgeon may use to reduce this risk.MethodsWe identified all patients undergoing primary TJA at a single hospital from 2005 to 2017, and collected patient demographics, comorbidities, short-term outcomes, as well as perioperative laboratory results. We defined AKI as an increase in creatinine levels by 50% or 0.3 points. We compared demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes between patients who developed AKI and those who did not. Multivariate regressions identified the independent effect of AKI on outcomes. A stochastic gradient boosting model was constructed to predict AKI.ResultsIn total, 814 (3.9%) of 20,800 patients developed AKI. AKI independently increased length of stay by 0.26 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14-0.38, P < .001), in-hospital complication risk (odds ratio = 1.73, 95% CI 1.45-2.07, P < .001), and discharge to facility risk (odds ratio = 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.53, P = .012). Forty-one predictive variables were included in the predictive model, with important potentially modifiable variables including body mass index, perioperative hemoglobin levels, surgery duration, and operative fluids administered. The final predictive model demonstrated excellent performance with a c-statistic of 0.967.ConclusionOur results confirm that AKI has adverse effects on outcome metrics including length of stay, discharge, and complications. Although many risk factors are nonmodifiable, maintaining adequate renal perfusion through optimizing preoperative hemoglobin, sufficient fluid resuscitation, and reducing blood loss, such as through the use of tranexamic acid, may aid in mitigating this risk.     

Pig kidney xenotransplantation: Progress toward clinical trials

Pig organ xenotransplantation offers a solution to the shortage of deceased human organs for transplantation. The pathobiological response to a pig xenograft is complex, involving antibody, complement, coagulation, inflammatory, and cellular responses. To overcome these barriers, genetic manipulation of the organ‐source pigs has largely been directed to two major aims—(a) deletion of expression of the known carbohydrate xenoantigens against which humans have natural (preformed) antibodies, and (b) transgenic expression of human protective proteins, for example, complement‐ and coagulation‐regulatory proteins. Conventional (FDA‐approved) immunosuppressive therapy is unsuccessful in preventing an adaptive immune response to pig cells, but blockade of the CD40:CD154 costimulation pathway is successful. Survival of genetically engineered pig kidneys in immunosuppressed nonhuman primates can now be measured in months. Non‐immunological aspects, for example, pig renal function, a hypovolemia syndrome, and rapid growth of the pig kidney after transplantation, are briefly discussed. We suggest that patients on the wait‐list for a deceased human kidney graft who are unlikely to receive one due to long waiting times are those for whom kidney xenotransplantation might first be considered. The potential risk of infection, public attitudes to xenotransplantation, and ethical, regulatory, and financial aspects are briefly addressed.     

Tacrolimus versus cyclophosphamide for patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy and treated with steroids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundThe therapeutic effects of tacrolimus (TAC) versus cyclophosphamide (CTX) were not fully illustrated for patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN).MethodsThe PubMed, EmBase, Cochrane library, and CNKI were systematically searched throughout March 2020 for randomized controlled trials evaluating the therapeutic effects of TAC versus CTX for IMN patients treated with steroids. The pooled relative risks (RRs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model.ResultsTwelve trials recruited a total of 868 IMN patients were identified and contained in final meta-analysis. Patients in TAC group was associated with an increased incidence of overall remission (12 trials: 868 patients; RR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.11–1.31; p < 0.001) and complete remission (12 trials: 868 patients; RR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.25–1.80; p < 0.001). Moreover, we noted TAC therapy significantly reduced urinary protein excretion (9 trials: 567 patients; WMD: −1.06; 95%CI: −1.41 to −0.71; p < 0.001), and increased serum albumin (9 trials: 567 patients; WMD: 5.37; 95%CI: 2.97 to 7.77; p < 0.001) than CTX therapy. Furthermore, no significant difference between TAC and CTX for serum creatinine was detected (6 trials: 378 patients; WMD: 0.15; 95%CI: −3.46 to 3.75; p = 0.936). Finally, the risk of alopecia (p = 0.008), infection (p = 0.045), leukocytosis (p = 0.002), and elevated ALT/AST (p = 0.011) in TAC group was significantly lower than CTX group, whereas TAC was associated with an increased risk of tremor than CTX (p = 0.010).ConclusionsThis study found IMN patients treated with TAC combined with steroids provides a better therapeutic effect and less adverse events than those treated with CTX combined with steroids, with moderate-certainty evidence.     

Hand grip strength as a predictor of recovery from low back pain in the pregnant women-a prospective study

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal problem during pregnancy with an estimated prevalence ranging from 30% to 78%. The symptoms usually disappear gradually after delivery, but some women may have persistent problems even later in their lives. The definite mechanism behind LBP during pregnancy remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether hand grip strength (HGS), which is a straightforward and reliable indicator of overall muscle strength, is associated with unrecovered LBP after delivery.Methods257 pregnant women who registered at obstetrics units in two tertiary hospitals from January 2016 to June 2017 and meanwhile suffered the LBP during pregnancy were included. They were grouped based on whether they recovered from LBP after delivery (recovery was de?ned as a pain rating of ≤3). The variables such as age, HGS, and education level were recorded and examined for the risk analysis of unrecovered LBP. Also, the Pearson correlation between HGS levels and pain intensities was investigated.ResultsLBP without recovery at two years after delivery was reported among 22.7% of the subjects. Women with increasing age, low HGS (<25 kg), LBP in a previous pregnancy, back pain, sick leave, and a large amount of physical demand (all p < 0.05), were more likely to report LBP without recovery. Besides, there was a significant correlation between HGS values and the intensities of LBP (r = ?0.525; p = 0.003).ConclusionsLow HGS has the highest OR value (adjusted OR = 9.12, P < 0.001) among these factors. The present findings may be used to design and encourage a specific stabilization exercise regime to build well stability of the lumbar spinal column and thus alleviating the LBP.     

基于关键指标监测的双闭环管理在急诊预检分诊中的应用

目的 探讨基于关键指标监测的急诊预检分诊双闭环管理的效果.方法 2019年1～6月对急诊患者实施常规预检分诊管理;2019年7～12月实施急诊预检分诊活动与监管双闭环管理,包括动态评估、规范处理、实时监控、持续改进,并利用信息化平台实现关键指标监测.结果 2个时间段分别收集4 550例、4 670例患者资料.实施双闭环管理后,初次分诊准确率、目标响应时间达标率及急诊分诊满意度显著高于常规管理,候诊不良事件发生率显著低于常规管理(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);双闭环管理后分诊信息采集完整、二次分诊落实、二次分诊准确度3项关键指标落实率逐步提升.结论 双闭环管理联合关键指标监测,可有效提高急诊预检分诊质量与效率,提升患者满意度,保障急诊患者安全.     

老年择期手术患者护理依赖类别与出院准备度的关系

目的 探讨老年择期手术患者护理依赖类别及与出院准备度的关系,为制订针对性的出院干预计划提供参考.方法 选取江苏省6所综合性三级医院的362例老年择期手术出院患者,采用一般资料调查表、出院准备度量表、护理依赖量表进行调查.结果 老年择期手术患者出院准备度得分为(159.39±30.79)分,护理依赖得分为(53.54±11.49)分.患者护理依赖可分为3个类别:社交依赖型(43.6％)、全面依赖型(23.8％)、学习依赖型(32.6％).多分类Logistic回归分析显示,患者年龄、人均月收入、居住方式及是否合并慢性病是护理依赖的影响因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 老年择期手术患者护理依赖性较高,且与出院准备度关系密切.医务人员应针对不同类别制订针对性的干预措施,降低其护理依赖,提高出院准备度.     

河南省三级医院低值耗材管理现状调查

目的 了解河南省三级医院低值耗材管理现状,为低值耗材高效管理提供参考.方法 采取自制调查问卷对河南省56所三级医院的220个病区进行耗材管理现况调查.结果 耗材管理人员均为护士;耗材管理中采取传统管理模式136个病区、随时配送模式82个病区、智慧供应链模式2个病区;传统管理流程涉及盘点、申报、领取、分类、计价、效期检查等多个环节,平均耗时(242.91±8.12) min;存在耗材申领过程繁琐、耗材存放不合理、积压、过期浪费、计价不精准、溯源管理难等问题.结论 河南省三级医院低值耗材管理以护士手工管理为主,耗工耗时;医院管理者应引起高度重视,构建智能化管理平台,实现智能供应链管理,提高管理效能.