Increased frequency of CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ cells correlates with the progression of 4-nitroquinoline1-oxide-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis

Objectives

CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in sustaining self-tolerance by negatively regulating immune responses. Increased frequencies of Tregs have been reported in a variety of human cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Tregs infiltration in the peripheral blood and regional lymph nodes during rat tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO).

Materials and methods

Forty-eight Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the control (n?=?16) and experimental groups (n?=?32) to which 4NQO in drinking water was administered. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the prevalence of Tregs in lymphocytes of peripheral blood and regional lymph nodes during 4NQO-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis. CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ cells were expressed as a percentage of the total CD4+ cells.

Results

The frequency of Tregs in peripheral blood from squamous cell carcinoma rats was significantly higher than controls (3.82?±?0.62 versus 1.40?±?0.31 %, P?P?Conclusion and clinical relevance Tregs in peripheral blood and lymph nodes were associated with disease progression during 4NQO-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis. This study indicated that the upregulation of Tregs might play important role during oral mucosa malignant transformation.     

PIKE is essential for oligodendroglia development and CNS myelination

Oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelin development are complex events regulated by numerous signal transduction factors. Here, we report that phosphoinositide-3 kinase enhancer L (PIKE-L) is required for OL development and myelination. PIKE-L expression is up-regulated when oligodendrocyte progenitor cells commit to differentiation. Conversely, depleting phosphoinositide-3 kinase enhancer (PIKE) expression by shRNA prevents oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation. In both conventional PIKE knockout (PIKE^−/−) and OL-specific PIKE knockout mice, the number of OLs is reduced in the corpus callosum. PIKE^−/− OLs also display defects when forming myelin sheath on neuronal axons during neonatal development, which is partially rescued when PTEN is ablated. In addition, Akt/mTOR signaling is impaired in OL-enriched tissues of the PIKE^−/− mutant, leading to reduced expression of critical proteins for myelin development and hypomyelination. Moreover, myelin repair of lysolecithin-induced lesions is delayed in PIKE^−/− brain. Thus, PIKE plays pivotal roles to advance OL development and myelinogenesis through Akt/mTOR activation.Efficient propagation of action potentials depends on the presence of myelin sheath that spirals around the axon. As a membrane extension from oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin sheath has a unique lipid-rich composition that allows electrical insulation for high-speed conduction and fidelity of signal transfer (1). Generation of OLs is a developmentally regulated process, which involves the proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) at the germinal subventricular zones (SVZ), migration throughout the CNS, differentiation into mature OLs, and adhesion to the axon to form myelin (2). Although most OPCs first appear in early neonatal brain, maturation and myelination of OLs in rodents occur largely in postnatal life between P10 and P60 (1). The timing of s differentiation and myelin formation requires highly localized signaling mechanisms, which involves the coordinated activation/inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog/Gli1, Jagged1/Notch, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascades (3). Disruption of these pathways via gene manipulation or modulation of their regulators results in defective OL development. For example, PI3K depletion causes reduced myelin expression in the cerebral cortex and striatum (4). On the other hand, mutation of PTEN, the negative regulator of PI3K/Akt cascade, causes thickening and unraveling of the myelin sheath surrounding hypertrophic axons in the corpus callosum (CC) (5).Phosphoinositide 3-kinase enhancer L (PIKE-L) is a CNS-specific GTPase that belongs to the centaurin family (6, 7). It participates in numerous cellular events to regulate neuronal activity and survival. Our previous studies show that PIKE-L interacts with both netrin receptor (UNC5H) and metabotropic glutamate receptor I (mGlu₁) to prevent apoptotic cell death (8, 9). In addition, PIKE-L controls cell-surface trafficking of 2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl) propanoic acid receptor and the formation of long-term potentiation in the postsynaptic neurons (10). Moreover, PIKE controls the neuronal dendritogenesis and survival through maintaining the integrity of the PI3K/Akt pathway (11). Indeed, PIKE is an important molecular switch to control the cellular PI3K/Akt activation as it links extracellular stimuli including netrin, glutamate, and neurotrophins to the intrinsic PI3K/Akt activities (12–14). Nevertheless, the functions of PIKE-L in nonneuronal cells such as OLs and astrocytes still remain unexplored. In this paper, we report that PIKE-L signals through the PI3K/Akt pathway to advance CNS myelinogenesis.     

C1q nephropathy in an old woman with acute renal failure: a case report and literature review

Reports on the clinical entity of C1q nephropathy have focused on older children and young adult, data on old people are rare. In this report, we would introduce a 77-year-old woman who was diagnosed as C1q nephropathy by means of electron microscopic and immunofluorescence examination. Facial and lower extremity edema was the main reason for her to go for medical treatment, and she developed into acute renal failure within 5?d. Complete remission was observed after hemodialysis and steroid drugs treatments.     

护理资料归档与管理

为了使护理资料能进一步清晰化和规范化，我们采取及时准确归档、合理分卷管理的方法。现总结如下。     

提高年轻护士的工作能力探讨

护理工作是和病人安全有密切关系的一项重要工作.近年来,护理工作所致的纠纷有日渐增多的趋势,而护理差错和失误是成为护理纠纷的真正原因.为此,作为年轻护士特别是新上岗护理人员,一定要不断提高自身的综合素质.     

植片取材技术在自体角膜缘干细胞移植术中的应用

目的:观察自体角膜缘干细胞移植术中两种不同取材技术对翼状胬肉的临床疗效,并与传统方法进行比较。方法:选择2001-06/2003-10河南科技大学第一附属医院眼科收治的翼状胬肉患者58例(64眼)。其中男25例(26眼),女33例(38眼);年龄38～69岁,平均56岁;病程2～15年,均为初发性翼状胬肉,静止期。采用随机数字法分为两组,自体角膜缘上皮移植组29例31眼,采用剥离法取得自体角膜缘干细胞移植片,自体角膜缘移植组29例33眼,采用隧道刀法取得自体角膜缘干细胞移植片。两组植片用于胬肉切除术后术区的修复。术后随访6个月,比较两组患者术后翼状胬肉复发情况。结果:58例患者全部进入结果分析。①两组患者胬肉复发情况:自体角膜缘上皮移植组31眼中3眼复发,复发率9.7%;自体角膜缘移植组33眼中,无一眼复发;自体角膜缘上皮移植组复发率高于自体角膜缘移植组,差异无显著性(χ2=1.334,P=0.248>0.05)。②两组患者角膜创面愈合情况:自体角膜缘上皮移植组创面和自体角膜缘移植组角膜创面愈合时间差异无显著性意义[(5.3±1.4),(5.0±1.3)d,t=0.813,P=0.419>0.05]。③两组患者供区修复情况:自体角膜缘上皮移植组供区修复时间和自体角膜缘移植组修复时间差异无显著性意义[(4.9±0.8),(5.0±1.3)d,t=0.336,P=0.739>0.05]。结论:①自体角膜缘干细胞移植可有效地降低翼状胬肉术后的复发率。②采用剥离法和隧道刀法两种方法取得自体角膜缘干细胞移植片在降低翼状胬肉术后的复发率、创面愈合及供区修复时间方面无明显差别。     

护理本科生临床实习期间压力程度和应对方式的相关因素研究

[目的]了解护理本科生临床实习期间的压力程度、应对方式，分析其相关因素，并探索压力程度与应对方式的相关性。[方法]采用问卷调查法，在临床实习前期对80名护理本科生进行调查。[结果]护生的压力程度以中度为主，应对方式较积极。对压力程度有影响的因素：父母职业、家庭子女数和护生类别；对应对方式有影响的因素：专业态度和相关社会实践；积极应对方式与压力程度呈负相关，消极应对方式与压力程度呈正相关。[结论]护理本科生压力程度与父母职业、家庭子女数及护生类别有关，应对方式受专业喜好程度及社会实践经验影响。护理教师应针对性地为护生提供指导和帮助，减轻临床实习期闻的压力．提高实习效果。     

社区干预对外伤致残病人抑郁情绪的影响

外伤致残者是因为意外伤害致残，使病人的劳动、工作、自我生活能力下降，常出现以焦虑、抑郁症状为中心的严重负性反应。有的病人在躯体疾病康复后还可能产生严重焦虑、抑郁症，影响病人身心健康和生活质量，因此帮助不同残疾的病人摆脱残疾癃苦，恢复自信，达到生活自理是医护人员努力的目标。对我院86例外伤致残者进行系统的社区干预均取得满意效果。现报告如下。