Sources of stress in Australian adolescents: factor structure and stability over time

Adolescent stress is an emerging area of importance in considerations of the health of young people. Exposure to stress predicts a range of both physical and mental health problems in adolescents and relates, as well, to the initiation of important health risk behaviours. Yet the measurement of stress in adolescents has been as fraught with methodological difficulty as it has been for adults. This paper examines the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ) which was developed specifically to address the domain of stressors specific to adolescent experience and looks at three cohorts of responses to this questionnaire over time (1995, 1998 and 2001). It assesses the stability of the original 7‐factor structure of the ASQ over time, and while confirmatory factor analysis indicates that stability to be acceptable, it also suggests that either adolescent stressors themselves, or the language by which they are reported, vary sufficiently over time to warrant the refinement of the instrument. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Endoscopic endonasal removal of an intra-suprasellar Rathke's cleft cyst: case report and surgical considerations.

An endoscopic endonasal approach was performed to remove an intra-suprasellar Rathke's cleft cyst. Rathke's cleft cyst are benign lesions, rarely diagnosed because they are often asymptomatic. To the best of our knowledge, at least 475 cases of Rathke's cleft cysts have been reported. They seem to arise from remnants of Rathke's pouch, an invagination of the stomodeum. A 52-year-old woman, complaining of bilateral frontal headaches, was operated on by using an endoscopic endonasal approach, for an intra-suprasellar tumor. The pre-operative diagnosis was non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Intra-operatively a creamy-coloured viscous tissue was found. After the removal of the cyst contents and of the capsule, the suprasellar structures were seen well. The chiasmatic cistern, the chiasm, the pituitary stalk and the pituitary gland were visualized with 0 and 30 degree endoscopes. The pathological findings showed a well-differentiated cuboidal epithelium. The diagnosis was Rathke's cleft cyst. No post-operative complications were observed. The endoscopic technique was particularly suitable in this case, both for the Rathke's cleft features and for an excellent outcome. The Rathke's cleft cyst was easily removed by suction and the cyst wall was entirely removed with curettes and pituitary punches. The hypophysis was distinguished from the cyst and was preserved. The surgical manoeuvres were all done under direct visual control. The absence of nasal packing and of breathing difficulties made comfortable the post-operative outcome. Thus, the endoscopic endonasal approach can be considered the favourite technique in case of either intra- and/or suprasellar Rathke's cleft cysts.     

二乙基亚硝胺诱导大鼠肝细胞癌过程中明胶酶的动态变化

目的：观察肝癌形成过程中明胶酶表达（蛋白及mRNA水平）的动态变化，探索明胶酶在肝癌生长浸润中的作用。方法：应用免疫组化法、明胶酶谱法和RT-PCR法对大鼠肝癌形成过程中各期明胶酶表达情况进行观察，并与正常对照组进行比较分析。结果：正常肝组织及肝硬化组织内明胶酶有表达，肝癌形成后主要在癌细胞内表达；明胶酶原在正常肝组织中有低表达，诱癌过程中呈持续增高趋势；明胶酶-2mRNA与其酶蛋白表达趋向一致。结论：在肝癌形成过程中明胶酶转录和翻译水平均呈持续增高趋势。     

ELISA法检测可溶性人类白细胞抗原—I及广东人参考值的测定

OBJECTIVE: To explore a method for quantitative detection of soluble human leukocyte antigen class I(HLA-I) antigens, with the assistance of which we attempt to define the reference value of the antigen in the population of Guangdong Province. METHODS: Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed with W6/32 monoclonal antibody serving as the solid phase antibody and beta2 microglobulin antibody as the first antibody. HRP-labeled second antibody and the substrate were added for enzyme-catalyzed coloring. On the basis of the standard curve obtained by sHLA-I standard reagent in serial dilution, the concentration of sHLA-I antigens in the samples of 60 normal subjects from the population of Guangdong province was detected. RESULTS: The sensitivity of this assay was 2.84 ng/ml with variation coefficients of 5.80% within the same batch and 9.00% between batches. The recovery rate ranged from 98.57% to 100.15%. The level of sHLA-I antigens in normal individuals was 699.54+/-360.10 ng/ml. CONCLUSION: Sandwich ELISA is sensitive, specific and stable in the detection of sHLA-I.     

胃癌组织端粒酶活性与催化亚基hTERT表达的关系

研究胃癌、胃黏膜肠化生及正常黏膜组织端粒酶活性与人端粒酶催化亚基(hTERT)表达的相关性及端粒酶激活在胃癌发生中的作用.方法:通过端粒重复序列扩增(TRAP)和逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT -PCR)方法测定3种胃癌细胞株、26例胃癌、10例胃黏膜肠化生和36例正常胃黏膜组织标本端粒酶活性和hTERT表达.结果:3种胃癌细胞株、24例胃癌组织有端粒酶活性;4例肠化生端粒酶活性较弱;36例正常胃黏膜标本未测到端粒酶活性.hTERT在26例胃癌组织、5例肠化胃黏膜中表达;正常胃黏膜无表达.端粒酶活性、hTERT表达与肿瘤的分期和病理分级无关.结论:hTERT在肿瘤形成的早期阶段表达,端粒酶的激活是胃癌形成的关键步骤.     

树突状细胞激活的肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞体外对自体肝癌细胞杀伤活性的研究

目的探讨树突状细胞(DC)激活的肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞(TIL)体外对自体肝癌细胞杀伤活性.方法从肝癌患者外周血获取DC,应用粒/巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和肿瘤抗原激活DC,然后用DC来激活TIL,观察TIL在体外对自体肝癌细胞的杀伤活性.结果DC激活的TIL具有很高的对自体肝癌细胞杀伤活性,杀伤率为(89.39±3.05)%,明显高于未经DC激活的TIL、CD激活的T淋巴细胞和未经DC激活的T淋巴细胞对自体肝癌细胞的杀伤率.结论肝癌患者外周血DC能诱导TIL产生高效而特异的抗肝癌免疫.     

低胆红素血症对机体抗氧化能力和脂质过氧化的影响及VitE的干预效果

目的 :探讨低胆红素血症对机体抗氧化能力和脂质过氧化的不良影响并观察VitE的干预效果。方法 :从体检健康人群中有意选择 4 5例胆红素水平偏高者 (≥ 15 μmol/L)和 4 0例胆红素水平偏低者 (≤ 9μmol/L)作为研究对象 ,抽空腹静脉血检测血清总抗氧化能力 (T -AOC) ,丙二醛 (MDA)及血浆氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白(Ox -LDL) ,并给低胆红素组每人每天口服VitE 10 0mg ,连续 2周 ,复测上述指标。结果 :与高胆红素组比 ,低胆红素组T -AOC明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,而MDA和Ox -LDL明显升高 (P <0 .0 5和P <0 .0 1) ,但低胆红素组补充VitE干预后 ,T -AOC显著升高 ,而MDA和Ox -LDL显著降低 (均P <0 .0 1) ,分别达到甚至超过了高胆红素组的相应水平。结论 :低胆红素血症可显著降低机体抗氧化能力 ,促进脂质过氧化 ,但这一不良影响可以通过补充VitE得到有效纠正。     

激素替代治疗对绝经后Ⅱ型糖尿病和高血压患者肾脏微血管病变的影响

目的 :探讨激素替代治疗对绝经后Ⅱ型糖尿病和高血压患者肾脏微血管病变的影响。方法 :36例患有Ⅱ型糖尿病和高血压的绝经后妇女随机分为治疗组和安慰剂组各 18例 ,采用双盲法予口服克龄蒙或安慰剂 1片 /日 ,共 4 5个周期 ,测量用药前后各参数值并进行比较及线性相关分析。结果 :治疗组用药前后 2 4小时尿蛋白定量由 ( 0 4 45± 0 0 36 )g降到 ( 0 36 1± 0 0 32 ) g(P <0 0 1) ,内生肌酐清除率由 ( 92 0± 5 2 )ml/min增到 ( 99 1± 4 8)ml/min (P <0 0 5) ,空腹血糖由 ( 7 0 2± 0 4 3)mmol/L降到 ( 6 55± 0 31)mmol/L(P <0 0 5) ,血清总胆固醇由 ( 6 6 6±0 2 8)mmol/L降到 ( 5 71± 0 71)mmol/L(P <0 0 1) ,血压无明显改变。 2 4小时尿蛋白定量和内生肌酐清除率与其他参数间无显著相关性。安慰剂组用药前后各项指标无明显改变。结论 :激素替代治疗对绝经后Ⅱ型糖尿病和高血压患者肾脏微血管病变有改善作用     

甲基强的松龙联合静注丙种球蛋白治疗小儿格林巴利综合征

目的:现察甲基强的松龙联合静注丙种球蛋白治疗小儿格林巴利综合征的疗效。方法:选择1999～2001年的26例格林巴利综合征患儿给予甲基强的松龙联合两种球蛋白静注作为治疗组,与1996～1998年的25例作为对照组,观察其用药后症状、体征改善情况。结果:甲基强的松龙配合丙种球蛋白静注治疗后症状、体征尤其是呼吸困难、肢体无力、饮水呛咳的开始缓解时间(约8～12h)较对照组明显提前(P<0.01),总有效率(100％)明显高于对照组(36％)(P<0.01),病死率(0％)和致残率(0％)低于对照组(8％、16％)(P<0.05),治疗组肌力、行走完全恢复正常的时间平均14、23d,对照组平均58、35d。两组对比差异显著(P<0.01)。结论:甲基强的松龙联合静注丙种球蛋白治疗小儿格林巴利综合征疗效显著,值得推广应用。