Donor‐to‐recipient weight ratio is a risk factor for hepatic artery thrombosis after whole‐liver transplantation in children under 25 kg

Hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) following pediatric liver transplantation increases morbidity and risk of graft failure. We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent deceased‐donor liver transplantation from August 2002 to July 2016. Multi‐organ transplant recipients were excluded. We examined the incidence of HAT at our institution and sought to identify associated donor or recipient risk factors. A total of 127 deceased‐donor liver transplant patients with a median age of 1.7 years (IQR 0.67‐6.7) were identified. Of those, 14 developed HAT, all weighing under 25 kg. Among 100 patients under 25 kg, whole‐liver graft recipients had an odds ratio of 3.98 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 15.34; P = .045) for developing HAT compared with split‐liver graft recipients. Within the whole‐liver recipient group under 25 kg, 11 patients developed HAT with a median donor‐to‐recipient ratio (DRWR) of 0.9 (IQR: 0.7‐1.2) compared with a median DRWR of 1.4 (IQR: 1.1‐1.9) for those who did not develop HAT. Multivariate analysis showed DRWR to be an independent risk factor for HAT in patients weighing under 25 kg who received whole organ grafts, with an odds ratio of 3.89 (95% CI: 1.43, 10.54; P = .008) for each 0.5 unit decrease in DRWR. Our results suggest that in recipients under 25 kg 1) split‐liver grafts may have a lower rate of HAT and 2) selecting whole organ donors with a higher DRWR may decrease the incidence of HAT.     

Small molecule inhibitor of TLR4 inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation: new insight into the anticancer effect of TAK-242 (Resatorvid)

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology - Despite all advances in the treatment of ovarian cancer (OC), it remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide. There are growing amounts of...     

A Study of Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr Polymorphism in the Men Afflicted with Prostate Cancer and in the Men being Suspicious of Prostate Cancer

Background and objective: Prostate cancer is one of the most widespread cancers among men throughout the world. In addition, it is the second cause of death after lung cancer. Occurrence of the prostate cancer is variable in various regions of the world. Solely, there are three known risk factors for the prostate cancer, including: Age, inheritance and ethnic origin. ELAC2 protein is a phosphodiesterase enzyme encoded by ELAC2 gene in human. This gene is placed on chromosome 17, and it is believed that product of the mentioned gene is an endonuclease contributed in puberty of mitochondrion’s tRNA. From clinical viewpoint, variables of ELAC2 gene such as Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr Missense mutations which are accompanied by hereditary prostate cancer (HPC2).Objective of this study is to investigate Ser217Leu (rs4792311) and Ala541Thr (rs5030739) polymorphisms in the individuals with prostate cancer or those who are suspicious of prostate cancer with family past record/history. Study method: In this study conducted by case-control method in 2018, 102 men with prostate cancer and 98 men being suspicious of prostate cancer out of 10 families referred to shahid Rajaei Hospital in Tonekabon county to study and check were investigated. After collection of data using questionnaire, sampling from individuals and performance of the rest steps, study of polymorphism was carried out by PCR sequencing technique, and the results were analyzed by Chromas software. Finding: Of the total studied 102 individuals, 44 individuals (43.1%) were homozygote for Ser217Leu mutation, 36 individuals (35.2%) were heterozygote and 22 individuals (21.5%) lacked Missense mutation. for Ala541Thr mutation, 18 ones (17.6%) were heterozygote and 84 ones (82.3%) lacked Missense mutation. For Ser217Leu mutation, out of 98 suspicious individuals, 21 individuals (21.4%) were homozygote. 6 individuals (6.1%) were heterozygote and 71 individuals (72.4%) lacked the mutation. For Ala541Thr mutation, 15 ones (15.3%) were homozygote and 84 ones (84.6%) lacked the studied mutation. Conclusion: Results of this research showed that, in the individuals with the prostate cancer, there is a relationship between Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr polymorphism of ELAC2 gene and/with prostate cancer, and the suspicious individuals gotten involved in the mutation must take action to prevent this cancer.     

Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu with Minor Amount of Sc and Zr on the Mechanical Properties

In this study, the mechanical and microstructural properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr cast alloy with 0.1% Sc under homogeneous, dissolution, and T6 and thermomechanical treatments with the aim of increasing the volume fraction of MgZn₂. Al₃(Sc,Zr) reinforcing precipitates were examined by hardness, microscopic examinations, tensile tests and software analysis. The results showed that, firstly, the hardness results are well proportional to the results of the tensile properties of alloys and, secondly, the strength of the alloy with thermomechanical treatments compared to T6 treatments increased from 492 MPa to 620 MPa and the elongation increased from 8% to 17% and was 100% upgraded. Microstructural and fracture cross section investigations showed that Al₃(Sc,Zr) nanosize dispersoids were evenly distributed among MgZn₂ dispersoids and the alloy fracture was of semi-ductile type and nanosize dispersoids less than 10 nm were observed at the end of the dimples in the fracture section. The volume fraction of nanosize dispersoids in the whole microstructure of thermomechanical treatment samples was also much higher than that of T6 heat treated samples, so that the percentage of Al₃(Sc,Zr) precipitates arrived from less than 1% in T6 operation to 8.28% in the quench-controlled thermomechanical operation (with 50% deformation). The quality index (QI) in thermomechanical treatment samples is 19% higher than T6 samples, so that this index has increased from 641 in T6 operation to 760 in samples under thermomechanical treatment due to precipitate morphology, volume fraction of precipitates, their uniform distribution in the matrix, and nano sized precipitates in samples under thermomechanical treatment.