天然有机化合物质谱研究——Ⅺ.苯丙型苷快原子轰击质谱MNa+的MIKES谱

研究了六种苯丙型苷与Na⁺加合离子的快原子轰击质谱(FAB—MS)和质量分离离子动能谱(MIKES)。结果表明:在FAB谱中[M+Na]⁺加合离子的丰度要比[M+H]⁺离子高得多。由此可给出糖苷的分子量信息,[M+Na]⁺离子的MIKES谱可给出糖基序列信息。     

Clinical, brain electric earth map, endothelin and transcranial ultrasonic Doppler findings after hyperbaric oxygen treatment for severe brain injury

Objective　To analyze the effect and mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment for severe brain injury (SBI). Methods　Fifty-five patients were divided into a treatment group of 35 patients and a control group of 20 patients. We observed the alterations of clinical, brain electric earth map (BEAM), endothelin (ET) and transcranial ultrasonic Doppler (TCD) findings before and after HBO treatment as well as outcome. Results　In the treatment group, Glasgow coma scale, BEAM and outcome improved after HBO treatment; compared with that of the control group, it showed a significant difference. After one course of treatment, treatment group ET was reduced from 91.24±12.18?ng/L to 68.88±14.37?ng/L (P<0.01); in control group, ET was reduced from 90.78±15.71?ng/L to 83.12±12.22?ng/L, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). TCD records of MCA mean velocity (Vm) was reduced from 64.2±4.8?cm/s to 51.6±4.2?cm/s (P<0.01), and a decrease in MCA systolic velocity (Vs) and pulse index (PI) values was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion　HBO treatment can improve the clinical, BEAM and outcome of severely brain injured patients, by decreasing acute stage ET and improving the blood velocity of MCA and decreasing cerebral vascular resistance. HBO treatment can reduce cerebral vascular spasms, cerebral ischemia and hypoxia. One of the important mechanisms of HBO treatment for severe brain injury is the lowering of intracranial pressure.     

高龄患者并存病的围手术期处理

1临床资料我院自1998-8/2004-10,共收治70岁以上有并存病的患者52(男34,女18)例,年龄70～87(平均74.2)岁.在52例患者中,肺癌2例,直结肠癌13例,胃食道癌10例,肝脓肿2例,阑尾炎14例,前列腺肥大8例,胆管结石2例,急性胰腺炎1例.     

A new congenital platelet abnormality characterized by spontaneous platelet aggregation, enhanced von Willebrand factor platelet interaction, and the presence of all von Willebrand factor multimers in plasma

A case is reported of a 49-year-old woman with a mild bleeding tendency. Her bleeding time, platelet count and size, plasma ristocetin cofactor activity, von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen, and vWF multimeric pattern are all within normal limits. Spontaneous platelet aggregation is observed when citrated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is stirred in an aggregometer cuvette. This aggregation is completely is only slightly diminished by an antiglycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa or by an anti GPIb monoclonal antibody. The patient's PRP shows increased sensitivity to ristocetin. The distinct feature of this patient, also present in two family members studied, is that platelet aggregation is initiated by purified vWF in the absence of any other agonist. The vWF- induced platelet aggregation is abolished by anti-GPIb and anti- GPIIb/IIIa monoclonal antibodies and by EDTA (5 mmol/L). Apyrase inhibits the second wave of aggregation. Patient's platelets in PRP are four to six times more reactive to asialo vWF-induced platelet aggregation than normal platelets. The amount of radiolabeled vWF bound to platelets in the presence of either low concentration of ristocetin or asialo vWF was increased 30% compared with normal. The patient's platelet GPIb was analyzed by SDS page and immunoblotting and by binding studies with anti-GPIb monoclonal antibodies showed one band with slightly increased migration pattern and a normal number of GPIb molecules. Unlike the previously reported patients with pseudo or platelet-type von Willebrand disease, this patient has normal vWF parameters.     

Multimeric structure of platelet factor VIII/von Willebrand factor: the presence of larger multimers and their reassociation with thrombin- stimulated platelets

The multimeric structure of platelet factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF) in cell extracts and in collagen and thrombin releasates has been analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by detection with 125I-anti-FVIII/vWF. Platelets contained larger multimers than those normally present in plasma. When secreted FVIII/vWF was analyzed, all platelets. In contrast, in thrombin releasates the larger multimers were lost in a manner dependent on divalent cations, time, and thrombin dose. This loss could not be accounted for by modification of FVIII/vWF by thrombin or platelet enzymes since no effect of thrombin on the multimeric structure of FVIII/vWF in the absence of platelets or in the presence of platelet lysates was observed. Large multimers of 125I-labeled purified FVIII/vWF underwent divalent cation-dependent association with platelets in the presence of thrombin, indicating that the loss of FVIII/vWF from thrombin releasates was due to reassociation with the platelet. These studies show a structural difference between platelet and plasma FVIII/vWF that suggests a specific role for platelet FVIII/vWF in hemostasis.     

高脂血症阶段自发代谢综合征及2型糖尿病模型大鼠肾小管上皮细胞电压敏感性尿酸盐转运体的表达

目的:观察自发代谢综合征及2型糖尿病动物模型(OLETF大鼠)在高脂血症阶段肾小管上皮细胞电压敏感性尿酸盐转运体的表达。方法:实验于2006-05/10在青岛大学医学院附属医院医学动物实验中心和分子中心实验室完成。选择雄性4周龄OLETF大鼠10只为OLETF组,同系4周龄LETO大鼠(非糖尿病)10只为对照,基础饮食至11周龄。采用定量RT-PCR方法检测电压敏感性尿酸盐转运体在肾皮质中的表达,记录并比较两组大鼠7周龄和11周龄时体质量、体长,及11周龄三酰甘油、总胆固醇、尿酸、肌酐、尿素氮和高密度脂蛋白。结果:20只大鼠均进入结果分析。①7及11周龄时OLETF大鼠体质量大于同龄LETO大鼠[7周龄:(282.42±18.75),(224.58±17.33)g;11周龄:(380.33±30.98),(301.58±25.15)g;P均<0.05],体长也大于同龄LETO大鼠[7周龄:(18.80±0.79),(17.00±0.82)cm,P<0.05;11周龄:(20.08±0.67),(18.17±1.19)cm,P<0.01];但Lee's指数无明显差别。②11周龄时,OLETF大鼠三酰甘油和总胆固醇高于LETO大鼠[(1.24±0.43),(0.41±0.14)mmol/L;(1.92±0.19),(1.46±0.15);P均<0.05];尿酸较LETO组增高,但差异不显著,其他指标两组无明显差别。③OLETF大鼠大鼠电压敏感性尿酸盐转运体mRNA的表达水平低于LETO大鼠(0.32±0.12,1.12±0.63,P<0.05)。结论:OLETF大鼠在高脂血症阶段,随着尿酸的升高,电压敏感性尿酸盐转运体mRNA的表达明显降低,可能通过下调电压敏感性尿酸盐转运体的表达,来调节体内尿酸的排泄,脂代谢紊乱和高尿酸血症可能通过该纽带相联系。     

Risedronate Reduces Osteoclast Precursors and Cytokine Production in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women

This paper studies the effect of oral risedronate on osteoclast precursors, osteoclast formation, and cytokine production in 25 osteoporotic women. Risedronate is effective in reducing the number of osteoclast precursors, their formation, vitality, and activity and the level of RANKL and TNF‐α in cultures. Introduction: Bisphosphonates inhibit bone resorption by acting against osteoclasts. Some in vitro studies suggest that they induce osteoclast apoptosis; others suggest that they exert an effect on the production of pro‐osteoclastogenic cytokines. The effect of risedronate on osteoclastogenesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in postmenopausal osteoporosis has not been previously studied. This paper examined the influence of risedronate on the formation of osteoclast precursors and cytokine production within the compass of osteoclastogenesis in osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 38 osteoporotic women; 25 patients were treated with risedronate 5 mg/d, whereas 13 were treated with calcium 1 g/d and vitamin D 800 UI/d. The following parameters were assessed: changes in bone turnover, circulating osteoclast precursors, formation of osteoclasts in PBMC cultures, their activity and vitality, and variations in the production of pro‐osteoclastogenic cytokines before and after therapy. Results: After 3 mo of risedronate, there was a significant reduction in the number and degree of differentiation of osteoclast precursors, osteoclast formation, vitality and activity, and in the level of RANKL and TNF in cultures and of TNF and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in serum, whereas in the group treated with calcium and vitamin D, there were no significant changes. Conclusions: Our data show that risedronate is effective in lowering the number of circulating osteoclast precursors, their formation, vitality, and activity in cultures, and in reducing the level of pro‐osteoclastogenic cytokines in culture supernatants and in serum.     

EFFECTS OF 17P-OESTRADIOL ON VASCULAR RESPONSES IN THE IN SITU BLOOD-PERFUSED MESENTERY OF WISTAR-KYOTO RATS

1. To determine whether endogenous oestrogen plays a role in pregnancy induced decreased vascular reactivity we have examined the effects of 173-oestradiol on vasoconstrictor responses to various stimuli using an in situ blood-perfused mesenteric vascular preparation in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. 2. Daily administration of 17β-oestradiol (500 μg/kg, s.c.) for 15 days significantly enhanced mesenteric vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline (NA), without affecting responses to the electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerves (ES) and angiotensin II (AngII). 3. Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibition by nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly potentiated mesenteric vasoconstrictor responses to all stimuli in both 173-oestradiol-treated and control animals. The difference in NA responses between groups was diminished following NO synthesis inhibition. 4. These findings do not support the hypothesis that increased endogenous oestrogen plays a role in decreased mesenteric vascular reactivity in pregnancy. However, responses to oestrogen may be dose-dependent and enhancement of vasoconstrictor responses to NA may be relevant to oral contraceptive-induced hypertension.     

虫牙药的化学成分研究

从广西产的虫牙药Isodon ternifolius (D.Don) Kudo的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离到9个单体成分,经鉴定其中两个为新的二萜化合物,命名为牛尾草甲素、乙素(isodoternifolinA,B),光谱数据分析和化学反应证明,甲素的结构为6β,11α,15β-triacetoxy-7β-hydroxy-7α,20-epoxy-entkaur-16-ene,乙素的结构为11αacetoxy-6β,7β.15β-trihydroxy-7α,20-epoxy-entkaur-16-ene。其它成分分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),乌苏酸(ursolicacid),齐墩果酸(oleanolicacid),胡萝β甙(β-sitosterol-β-D-glucopyranoside),6-甲基-三十二烷烃(6-methyldotriacontane),细叶香茶菜甲素(sodoponin)和细叶香茶菜乙素(ternifolin),其中6-甲基-三十二烷烃是首次从香茶菜属植物中分得。     

Evaluation of extracts and essential oil from Callistemon viminalis leaves: Antibacterial and antioxidant activities,total phenolic and flavonoid contents

ObjectiveTo investigate antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Callistemon viminalis (C. viminalis) leaves.MethodsThe essential oil of C. viminalis leaves obtained by hydro-distillation was analyzed by GC/MS. Different extracts were tested for total phenolic and flavonoid contents and in vitro antioxidant (DPPH assay) and antibacterial (agar disc diffusion and 96-well micro-plates methods) actives.ResultsFourteen components were identified in the essential oil, representing 98.94% of the total oil. The major components were 1,8-cineole (64.53%) and α-pinene (9.69%). Leaf essential oil exhibited the highest antioxidant activity of (88.60±1.51)% comparable to gallic acid, a standard compound [(80.00±2.12)%]. Additionally, the biggest zone of inhibitions against the studied bacterial strains was observed by the essential oil when compared to the standard antibiotic (tetracycline). The crude methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction had a significant antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains.ConclusionsIt can be suggested that C. viminalis is a great potential source of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds useful for new antimicrobial drugs from the natural basis. The present study revealed that the essential oil as well as the methanol extracts and ethyl acetate fraction of C. viminalis leaves exhibited highly significant antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains.