Subunit composition of plasma von Willebrand factor in patients with the myeloproliferative syndrome

In order to evaluate the role of proteolysis in acquired von Willebrand's disease (vWD) associated with the myeloproliferative syndrome, we have determined the relative quantity of von Willebrand factor (vWF) fragments as compared with the intact 225 kDa subunit in four patients. The plasma vWF of each individual lacked large multimers; each had a prolonged bleeding time; and both platelet and leukocyte counts were elevated. Plasma was obtained from blood drawn into 1 mmol/L leupeptin, 6 mmol/L N-ethylmaleimide, and 5 mmol/L EDTA to prevent in vitro proteolysis. vWF was isolated from plasma by immunoadsorbent chromatography, reduced, subjected to SDS-5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunoblotted with a mixture of 55 anti-vWF monoclonal antibodies. In three patients with essential thrombocytosis (ET) the 176 and 140 kDa fragments were increased in proportion to the intact 225 kDa subunit indicating increased proteolysis. Treatment of one ET patient with CCNU (Lomustine) decreased the platelet count and, to a lesser extent, the white blood cell count. This was associated with a correction of the bleeding time, a partial correction of the multimeric abnormality, and a lessening of vWF cleavage. In a patient with polycythemia rubra vera (PRV) the proportion of the 176 kDa fragment was increased to the upper limit of normal but there was no definite evidence of increased proteolysis. These studies provide evidence that proteolysis plays a role in the acquired von Willebrand's disease associated with the myeloproliferative syndrome. However, other mechanisms must also be considered.     

胶原-生物衍生骨材料与兔成骨细胞的相容性及其体外附着特点

目的:观察胶原-生物衍生骨复合材料与兔成骨细胞的相容性及体外附着规律,为进一步的体内实验提供参考数据。方法:实验于2003-10/2005-02在华西医科大学组织工程实验室进行。①材料制备:新鲜捐献骨(人),经脱脂、脱蛋白等工艺制成单纯生物衍生骨材料,以Ⅰ型胶原通过真空吸附法修饰单纯生物衍生骨材料表面,构建出胶原生物衍生骨材料。②实验方法:将体外培养的兔骨膜成骨细胞分别复合于单纯生物衍生骨材料和胶原生物衍生骨材料,共同培养7d。③观察指标:分别于培养第1,3,5和7天取材,扫描电镜观察成骨细胞形态及附着情况;用紫外/荧光/可见光高效分析仪测定成骨细胞产生的碱性磷酸酶活性;MTT检测成骨细胞增殖情况;用流式细胞仪检测兔成骨细胞的细胞周期、DNA含量及倍体水平。结果:①扫描电镜结果:胶原生物衍生骨材料组成骨细胞黏附和增殖优于生物衍生骨材料组。②碱性磷酸酶活性:生物衍生骨材料组低于胶原生物衍生骨材料组(0.019±0.003,0.038±0.004,P<0.05)。③细胞增殖情况:在培养第1,3,5,7天胶原生物衍生骨材料组成骨细胞A值均高于生物衍生骨材料组(P<0.05)。④流式细胞检测生物衍生骨材料、胶原生物衍生骨材料对兔成骨细胞的细胞周期影响不大,各组细胞皆为正常的二倍体细胞,未见异倍体细胞形成,胶原修饰后无细胞毒性。结论:以单纯生物衍生骨作为载体,其表面经胶原修饰后的复合材料与成骨细胞有良好的细胞相容性,无细胞毒性。     

Further characterization of platelet-type von Willebrand's disease in Japan

We studied four patients who showed aggregation of platelets in platelet-rich plasma at lower concentrations of ristocetin than those required for normal platelet-rich plasma and who demonstrated an increased capacity of the platelets to bind normal von Willebrand factor. The four patients were from two Japanese families. Platelets from one family aggregated spontaneously in vitro, and platelets from both families aggregated upon the addition of normal plasma and cryoprecipitate, in the absence of ristocetin or other agonists. Analysis of the multimeric composition of von Willebrand factor by sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis revealed a decrease in large multimers or a decrease in both large and intermediate multimers in plasma, but normal multimers in platelets. 1-Deamino-[8-D- arginine]-vasopressin caused by an immediate appearance of larger multimers in plasma, followed by the rapid disappearance of these multimers from circulating plasma. Analysis of platelet membrane glycoproteins from the patients showed that there were two distinct bands in the glycoprotein I region; one migrated in a slower region and the other in a faster region than normal glycoprotein Ib. We suggest that the platelet receptor abnormality in these patients is related to this abnormality of glycoprotein Ib.     

广州地区健康成年汉族人群身体组成成分调查

目的:了解广州地区健康成年汉族人群身体各组成成分的含量及其分布情况,并分析其年龄变化规律。方法:①收集2002-01/2005-12在暨南大学附属第一医院核医学科接受全身骨密度检查的470名广州地区健康成年汉族居民,其中男97名,女373名,年龄20～87岁。体质量指数均正常,即≥18.5kg/m2,<25kg/m2,且自愿接受检查。按10岁为1个年龄组对各组数据进行分析。②采用双能X射线骨密度仪测量受检者全身骨矿盐含量、全身脂肪含量、瘦组织含量、腰腹部Android区域脂肪含量、髋部Gynoid区域脂肪含量、全身脂肪百分比、腰腹部Android区脂肪百分比、髋部Gynoid区脂肪百分比、Android区与Gynoid区脂肪比值;计算体质量指数[体质量(kg)/身高(m)2]。③组间计量资料差异比较采用t检验。结果:健康成年汉族居民470名均进入结果分析。①男、女性骨矿盐含量、瘦组织含量峰值出现在40～49岁,以后均随年龄增加而逐步下降,到70岁以上年龄段,骨矿盐含量和瘦组织含量分别较40～49岁下降11.4%和6.0%(男性),26.4%和5.6%(女性)。②男、女性全身脂肪含量峰值分别出现在60～69岁和50～69岁,全身脂肪百分比峰值出现在60～69岁。男、女性A/G峰值分别出现在50～69岁和60～69岁,体脂分布均随年龄增长而呈向心化趋势。女性全身脂肪含量及各部分脂肪百分含量均明显高于男性,而男性骨矿盐含量、瘦组织含量高于女性(P<0.05)。结论:40～49岁之前,健康成年汉族人群虽脂肪增长比例较大,但非脂肪组织(骨矿盐含量、瘦组织含量)同样也呈增长趋势;50～69岁,体脂含量逐渐增加,呈向心化趋势,存在性别差异。70岁以后身体脂肪含量下降。     

维拉帕米增强博莱霉素A5抗癌活性的机制

本文利用流式细胞术(FCM)和动物整体水平的同位素标记药物示踪方法探讨了维拉帕米(VP)增强博莱霉素A₅(BLM)抗癌活性的机制。实验发现VP显著增强BLM对S-180和HEP-2细胞的G₂期阻断效应。VP改变了⁵⁷Co-BLM在荷瘤小鼠部分器官中的分布,增加厂该药在肿瘤中的积聚。VP增強BLM抗癌活性可能是通过增加药物在肿瘤中的积聚,增强药物的G₂期阻断效应以及其它作用实现的。     

青春发育突增期肥胖型和偏瘦型学生体质形态学特征成因回归分析

目的:了解广西大学生营养和健康状况的影响因素及其分布规律,探索青春发育突增期肥胖型和偏瘦型学生体质形态学特征的成因、发生规律。方法:⑴调查对象:为保证样本(调查对象)的同质性、科学性和代表性,于2005-11/2006-05通过完全随机抽取8所大学8529名学生体质测试指标,在此基础上对指标进行筛选抽取,纳入标准:①调查对象父母的籍贯必须是广西壮族自治区。②身体健康,测试时无急性疾病。③经医院检查均无心脏、肺脏疾病史,血压正常,无传染病。④获全面知情同意。⑤监测样本含量不低于100人。⑥体质量指数≤18.5kg/m2或体质量指数≥28kg/m2。排除标准:身体发育异常、残缺或畸形。符合纳入标准143人。⑵调查方法:①文献资料法:依据研究目的和内容,查阅国内、国外有关资料30余篇,并对其进行有效的检索、分析。②调查法:调查问卷的设计严格按照社会学研究规律,对所设问题通过筛选并进行信度和效度检验,采用较为科学的调查方案在广西8所大学随机抽样。最后将回收的调查问卷中存在的特殊问题又进行专题访谈。⑶对具有研究价值的143名学生的体质测试数据通过逐级加权处理,得出的各指标具有全国代表性。原始数据由MicrosoftExcel储存,并建立数据库。由第一作者采用SPSS11.5forwindows软件包进行统计学处理。结果:①对体质量指数≤18.5kg/m2或体质量指数≥28kg/m2体质形态学特征体质量比的预测公式为:yz=-21.12 1.6599x1-0.2623x2,y=-21.12 1.6599x1-0.2623x2 δ。其中学生体质量比受父亲的体质量比影响最大,其次是影响参数δ。②对体质量指数≤18.5kg/m2或体质量指数≥28kg/m2男女学生体质形态的体格营养指数体质量与y与父亲的体质量具有高度相关r1y=0.84,与母亲的体质量比呈中度相关r2y=0.50。③预测线性回归方程的平方和Q=103.26,占总平方和8.11%,回归平方和U=1170.15,已占总平方和的91.89%,检验回归方程显著性F=126.69>F0.01(2,9)=8.02,P<0.01。④对体质量指数≤18.5kg/m2或体质量指数≥28kg/m2男女学生体质形态的体格营养指数体质量比影响最大的是父亲的体质量比,其次是参数δ(即:学生的家庭病史、本人病史、营养情况、饮食习惯、家庭经济等)。结论:①非正常男女学生体质形态营养指数体质量比影响最大的是父亲的体质量比,其次是影响参数δ。②得出子女与父母的体质量比的预测线性回归方程,经实测检验具有较高的信度和效度,基本符合测量学要求。     

红花油乳液生产中的质量控制条件探索

建立红花油乳液的生产质量控制条件。方法：检测乳滴大小、离心效果及卫生学指标变化。结果：在640倍显微镜下观察,红花油乳滴直径小于5μm;使用高速离心机,以4000r／min离心10min后无明显分层,若有少许分层但振摇后立即恢复均相;卫生学符合国家标准。     

Environmental factors and refractive error in Chinese schoolchildren

We surveyed and assessed 2,323 schoolchildren aged seven to 17 years from four schools in China, two in the city of Tianjin and the other two in a neighbouring rural village, Ban Chau, to investigate the prevalence of refractive error and its relationship with environmental factors. Every child from each of the participating classes was recruited in this study to avoid self-selection. A questionnaire was issued which queried some aspects of the child's visual habits and home. Refraction was canied out using the Canon R-22 autorefractor. The degree and frequency of myopia in these children increased almost linearly from age seven to 17 years. There was little difference between the urban and rural groups. Of the factors explored, the number of hours spent on near work showed the best correlation with the degree of myopia, albeit only weakly.     

Multimeric composition of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor following administration of DDAVP: implications for pathophysiology and therapy of von Willebrand's disease subtypes

We have studied the modifications in the multimeric composition of plasma factor VIII/von Willebrand factor and the bleeding time response following administration of 1-Deamino-[8-D-arginine]-Vasopressin (DDAVP) to patients with different subtypes of von Willebrand's disease. In type I, all multimers were present in plasma in the resting state, though they were decreased in concentration. Administration of DDAVP resulted in an increased concentration of these forms as well as the appearance of larger forms than were previously present. There was concomitant correction of the bleeding time. In type IIA, large multimers were absent in the resting state, and although DDAVP induced an average threefold increase in the plasma concentration of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor, the larger multimers did not appear and the bleeding time, although shortened, was not corrected. In contrast, the larger multimers that were also absent from type IIB plasma in the resting state rapidly appeared following DDAVP administration. However, their appearance was transitory and the bleeding time, as in IIA patients, was shortened but not corrected. The characteristic multimeric composition of platelet factor VIII/von Willebrand factor in given subtypes predicted the alteration in plasma factor VIII/von Willebrand factor induced by DDAVP. These studies provide evidence that the different subtypes of von Willebrand's disease represent distinct abnormalities of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor. They also suggest that complete hemostatic correction following DDAVP can be routinely expected only in type I von Willebrand's disease, and only if factor VIII/von Willebrand factor can be raised to normal levels.