Using biomimetically mineralized collagen membranes with different surface stiffness to guide regeneration of bone defects

Because guided bone regeneration (GBR) process is pronouncedly affected by the micro‐environment in the defect, the surface stiffness of collagen membranes as a constituent part of the micro‐environment was investigated in this study. The objective of this study was to manufacture biomimetically mineralized collagen membranes with controllable surface stiffness based on biomimetic strategy and to investigate the influences of surface stiffness on GBR process. The characterization and biocompatibility of membranes were examined in vitro. The mechanical properties of membranes were evaluated on macro and micro levels using tensile test and atomic force microscope, respectively. The critical‐size cranial defect model and ectopic osteogenesis were chosen to employ their performances in vivo. The results indicated that the biomimetically mineralized collagen membranes with controllable surface stiffness were manufactured based on the biomimetic theory. The in vitro experiments showed that the mineralized collagen membrane with satisfactory surface stiffness can better promote the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The membranes can perform excellently in both osteoinduction and osteoconduction, which results in effective manifestations in aspects of ectopic osteogenesis and GBR in vivo. Therefore, this biomimetically mineralized collagen membrane is a promising candidate for GBR treatment in future.     

Y‐27632 simplifies the isolation procedure of human primary epidermal cells by selectively blocking focal adhesion of dermal cells

Primary skin epidermal cells isolation and in vitro expansion culture have been widely used for laboratory research and clinical applications. The conventional methods involving sequential enzymatic digestion of adult tissues have given low cell recovery rate and reduced cell viability. We report here an advanced method for human primary epidermal progenitor cells isolation from skin tissues including the Rho kinase inhibitor Y‐27632. Compared with traditional protocols, the current protocol is simple, easy, and faster; moreover, it gives a greater yield of integrin‐expressing epithelial stem cells. In addition, our new methodology does not require a separation of epidermis from dermis because the medium selectively blocks focal adhesion and growth of dermal cells. Importantly, the cells isolated from this method can maintain their regeneration potential and quickly reconstitute a mature human skin in vivo after grafting onto nude mice. In brief, we describe here a simple (one step) and serum‐free method for isolating primary epidermal stem cells from adult tissues. The isolated cells may be widely used for both laboratory studies and clinical application, especially in the field of tissue engineering and regeneration.     

N-doped carbon dots from phenol derivatives for excellent colour rendering WLEDs

To achieve competitive fluorescence carbon dots (CDs), studies on regulating fluorescence of CDs under controlled, comparable conditions are in great demand. Herein, by changing the functional groups and nitrogenous existence forms in the precursors, three efficient yellow-green emissive N-doped CDs which have the same fluorescence peak wavelength but different photoluminescence quantum yields were realized through a facile hydrothermal method. The as-prepared CDs exhibit not only excited-independent emissions but also similar surface states. The best-performing CDs among the three products exhibits photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 24.4% in water and 53.3% in ethanol, abundant surface functional groups and its high N-doping degree would be the reason for its excellent performances. By washing and reduction processes, the emission evolution of the CDs was studied linking the changes of surface states. The fluorescence can certainly be attributed to the surface of the carbon dots, and the surface states control the photoluminescence features. Serving as a yellow-green colour conversion layer, the best CDs in the three products was used to fabricate a white light-emitting diode. The white light-emitting diode shows an excellent colour rendering index up to 93.3, suggesting broad application prospects of the CDs in lighting and display fields.

Yellow-green photoluminescence carbon dots with different quantum yields were realized and used to fabricate white LEDs.     

透明帽辅助内镜下取出食管异物疗效的Meta分析

目的评价透明帽辅助内镜下取出食管异物的临床价值。方法通过计算机检索Pubmed、CNKI数据库、Web of Knowledge、Cochrane图书馆对照试验注册库和万方数据库从建库至2017年的有关透明帽辅助内镜取出食管异物的相关文献,采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan 5.0版软件进行统计处理,对纳入资料的异质性进行分析,计算OR值和95%可信区间。结果按照入选标准,纳入了9项临床试验,共1 103例患者。Meta分析结果显示:透明帽辅助内镜异物取出术成功率更高(OR=8.58,95%CI:4.49～16.38,P 0.05)、视野更清晰(OR=7.35,95%CI:5.20～10.40,P 0.05)、并发症发生率低(OR=0.34,95%CI:0.25～0.46,P 0.05)、患者耐受性好(OR=2.78,95%CI:2.08～3.72,P 0.05)。结论透明帽辅助内镜下食管异物取出术是一种安全有效的内镜下取异物的方法,其患者耐受性好,可提供更好的内镜下操作视野,有利于提高手术成功率,值得进一步推广应用。     

Trends and Differences Among Three New Indicators of HIV Infection Progression

Objective

This study proposes three indicators of, and assesses the disparities and trends in, the risk of HIV infection progression among people living with diagnosed HIV infection in the United States.

Methods

Using data reported to national HIV surveillance through June 2012, we calculated the AIDS diagnosis hazard, HIV (including AIDS) death hazard, and AIDS death hazard for people living with diagnosed HIV infection for each calendar year from 1997 to 2010. We also calculated a stratified hazard in 2010 by age, race/ethnicity, mode of transmission, region of residence at diagnosis, and year of diagnosis.

Results

The risk of HIV infection progression among people living with diagnosed HIV infection decreased significantly from 1997 to 2010. The risks of progression to AIDS and death in 2010 were higher among African Americans and people of multiple races, males exposed through injection drug use (IDU) or heterosexual contact, females exposed through IDU, people residing in the South at diagnosis, and people diagnosed in 2009 compared with white individuals, men who have sex with men, females with infection attributed to heterosexual contact, those residing in the Northeast, and those diagnosed in previous years, respectively. People aged 15–29 years had the highest AIDS diagnosis hazard in 2010.

Conclusion

Continued efforts are needed to ensure early HIV diagnosis as well as initial linkage to and continued engagement in HIV medical care among all people living with HIV. Targeted interventions are needed to improve health-care and supportive services for those with worse health outcomes.In the United States, the number of people aged 13 years and older living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was estimated to be more than 1.1 million as of December 2010, a 9% increase from 2006.¹ For people living with HIV, increasing their access to care and eliminating disparities are primary goals of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS) and the Healthy People 2020 objectives.^2,3 Assuring that all people with HIV are diagnosed early, promptly linked to care, retained in care, and offered antiretroviral treatment is essential to achieve the ultimate goal of the continuum of care,⁴ leading to viral suppression, improved health, survival, and prevention of HIV transmission.Several studies have used national HIV surveillance data to examine the disparities and determinants of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS; i.e., stage 3 HIV infection⁵) and death after HIV diagnosis. These studies have focused on individuals diagnosed in a certain time period and have examined the differences in time from HIV diagnoses to AIDS and death (i.e., the number of months/years from HIV diagnosis to AIDS or death) using survival analyses, including Kaplan-Meier survival curves, the Cox proportional hazard model, or the standardized relative risk.^6–8 However, previous studies have not assessed the risks of progression to AIDS and death among all people living with HIV, and have not reported the trends in these outcomes.To fill this gap, we propose in this study three cross-sectional indicators to estimate the risks of progression to AIDS and death in a calendar year after HIV diagnoses among people living with diagnosed HIV infection, regardless of their time of diagnosis (i.e., the year when an HIV infection was first diagnosed). The results allow for an annual assessment of the risks of HIV infection progression and can be used to monitor the trends in these outcomes among people living with HIV.Specifically, this study (1) examined the disparities in the risk of progression to AIDS in 2010 among people living with diagnosed HIV (not AIDS) infection at year-end 2009 (AIDS diagnosis hazard), the risk of death in 2010 among those living with diagnosed HIV (including AIDS) infection at year-end 2009 (HIV death hazard), and the risk of death in 2010 among individuals living with AIDS at year-end 2009 (AIDS death hazard); and (2) assessed the trends in the risks of HIV infection progression among people living with diagnosed HIV infection from 1997 to 2010 using the three indicators.     

北京市2013－2014年肠道门诊腹泻患者中诺如病毒感染的流行病学及临床特征分析

目的 了解北京市肠道门诊腹泻患者诺如病毒感染的流行状况及临床特点。方法 采集2013年4月至2014年3月北京市肠道门诊1 892名腹泻患者粪便标本, 并收集患者的流行病学及临床症状资料。使用real time RT-PCR对诺如病毒核酸进行检测, 采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2013年4月至2014年3月北京市肠道门诊腹泻患者诺如病毒阳性率为14.2%(269/1 892);寒冷月份阳性率较高;怀柔区、延庆县等西北部山区阳性率较高;6月龄至5岁儿童诺如病毒阳性率高于其他年龄组, 差异有统计学意义(P=0.006), 散居托幼儿童诺如病毒阳性率高于其他职业人群, 差异有统计学意义(P=0.025);诺如病毒阳性腹泻患者恶心、呕吐症状发生率高于阴性患者, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 诺如病毒是肠道门诊腹泻患者的重要病原, 6月龄至5岁腹泻儿童诺如病毒感染率高于其他人群, 恶心、呕吐为诺如病毒感染的常见症状。     

The Relationship Between Disability-Adjusted Life Years of Cataracts and Ambient Erythemal Ultraviolet Radiation in China

Background

Cataracts are one of the major public health problems worldwide. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is one of the risk factors for cataract development. We analyzed the relationship between disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates of cataracts and UVR exposure in China.

Methods

DALY rates of cataracts and UVR exposure in 31 regions of China were calculated based on data from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability and the United States’ National Aeronautics and Space Administration database. The relationship between the DALY rates of cataracts and UVR was estimated by Spearman rank correlation analysis and linear regression analysis.

Results

The elderly (≥65 years) had higher DALY rates of cataracts than the whole population. The DALY rate of cataracts in the agricultural population was higher than that observed in the non-agricultural population. The DALY rates of cataracts were positively associated with UVR The DALY rates of cataracts in regions with higher UVR were higher than those in regions with lower UVR. An increase in the daily ambient erythemal UVR of 1000 J/m² was associated with an increase in the DALY rates of cataracts by 92 DALYs/100 000 (R² = 0.676) among the whole population, 34 DALYs/100 000 among the population <65 years old (R² = 0.423), 607 DALYs/100 000 among the population aged 65–74 years (R² = 0.617), and by 1342 DALYs/100 000 among the population ≥75 years old (R² = 0.758).

Conclusions

DALY rates of cataracts increased with increases in UVR exposure in 31 regions of China. Greater exposure to UVR increases the disease burden of cataracts in the whole population, especially in the elderly and among the agricultural population.Key words: cataract, UVR exposure, disease burden, DALYs     

医院和社区纵向服务整合影响因素的指标体系研究

目的 建立一套医院和社区卫生服务机构在纵向服务整合过程中影响其实施效果的影响因素指标体系.方法 通过文献复习、问卷调查、个人深入访谈等形式收集初步数据,运用层次分析法和德尔菲专家咨询法构建影响因素指标体系.结果 形成了与南京、武汉、镇江3个地区医院和社区卫生服务机构纵向服务整合现状相吻合的影响因素指标体系,包括一级指标4个、二级指标10个、三级指标35个.结论 本研究为医院和社区卫生服务机构完善服务整合制度提供了依据,弥补了国内医疗服务体系纵向整合实施效果影响因素研究方面的不足,对其他地区和模式的医疗服务体系纵向整合有一定的借鉴意义和价值.     

沉默ABCG2增强膀胱癌T24对X线的敏感性研究

目的明确沉默ABCG2后膀胱癌T24对X线的敏感性是否增强。方法常规培养T24,经4 Gy X线照射后,从存活能力、克隆形成、迁移和侵袭能力四个方面评价了沉默ABCG2后T24对X线敏感性的变化。结果经X线照射,沉默ABCG2后,T24的存活能力、克隆形成、迁移、侵袭能力显著减弱(P<0.05)。结论沉默ABCG2增强了膀胱癌T24对X线的敏感性,ABCG2的抑制剂可能成为膀胱癌的放疗增敏剂。