骨碎补化学成分和生物活性研究进展＊

骨碎补是历代临床常用中药，具有疗伤止痛、补肾强骨、消风祛斑等功效。其主要含黄酮、苯丙素、三萜、酚酸及其苷等类化学成分，现代研究表明骨碎补具有抗骨质疏松、促进骨折愈合、促软骨再生、护牙健齿、保护肾功能、抗炎、防治中毒性耳聋、降血脂等多种生物活性，开发前景广阔。本文对近年来骨碎补的化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究进行综述，以期为骨碎补的进一步深入系统的研究和开发利用提供依据。     

Patient-Reported Quality of Life Before and After Chemoradiation for Intact Pancreas Cancer: A Prospective Registry Study

PurposeOur purpose was to determine the effect of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on patient-reported quality of life (QOL) for patients with intact pancreas cancer.Methods and MaterialsWe reviewed a prospective QOL registry for patients with intact, clinically localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treated with CRT between June 2015 and November 2018. QOL was assessed pre-CRT (immediately before CRT, after neoadjuvant chemotherapy) and at the completion of CRT with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) and its component parts: FACT-General (FACT-G) and hepatobiliary cancer subscore (HCS). A minimally important difference from pre-CRT was defined as ≥ 6, 5, and 8 points for FACT-G, HCS, and FACT-Hep, respectively.ResultsOf 157 patients who underwent CRT, 100 completed both pre- and post-CRT surveys and were included in the primary analysis. Median age at diagnosis was 65 years (range, 23-90). National Comprehensive Cancer Network resectability status was resectable (3%), borderline resectable (40%), or locally advanced (57%). Folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) (75%) or gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel (42%) were given for a median of 6 cycles (range, 0-42) before CRT. Radiation therapy techniques included 3-dimensional conformal (22%), intensity modulated photon (55%), and intensity modulated proton (23%) radiation therapy to a median dose of 50 Gy (range, 36-62.5). Concurrent chemotherapy was most commonly capecitabine (82%). Sixty-three patients (63%) had surgery after CRT. The mean decline in FACT-G, HCS subscale, and FACT-Hep from pre- to post-CRT was 3.5 (standard deviation [SD], 13.7), 1.7 (SD 7.8), and 5.2 (SD 19.4), respectively. Each of these changes were statistically significant, but did not meet the minimally important difference threshold. Pancreatic head tumor location was associated with decline in FACT-Hep. Nausea was the toxicity with the greatest increase from pre- to post-CRT by both physician-assessment and patient-reported QOL.ConclusionsFor patients with intact pancreatic adenocarcinoma, modern CRT is well tolerated with minimal decline in QOL during treatment.     

生物型与骨水泥型假体全髋关节置换术治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的 比较生物型与骨水泥型假体全髋关节置换术(THA)治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折(DFNF)的临床疗效.方法 前瞻性纳入2015年7月—2018年6月佳木斯大学附属第一医院骨科收治的老年DFNF患者128例,男性71例,女性57例;年龄61～84岁,平均72.7岁.骨折原因:跌伤75例,撞伤32例,高处坠落伤21例.依据随机数字表法分为生物型假体THA组(BPTHA组,n=64)与骨水泥型假体THA组(CPTHA组,n=64).BPTHA组行生物型假体髋关节置换,CPTHA组行骨水泥型假体髋关节置换.观察两组术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量等围术期指标及住院时间.比较术前及术后6、12个月髋关节功能(Harris),血清前列腺素缓激肽(BK)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)等疼痛因子水平及视觉模拟评分(VAS),血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)等炎性反应指标水平;分析术后并发症发生情况.结果 两组术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);BPTHA组住院时间长于CPTHA组[(19.76±2.24)d vs.(15.37±1.71)d,P<0.05].术后6个月,BPTHA组Harris评分低于CPTHA组[(81.72±8.37)分vs.(86.68±8.85)分,P<0.05];术后12个月,BPTHA组Harris评分高于CPTHA组[(95.54±9.67)分vs.(90.72±9.12)分,P<0.05].术后6个月,BPTHA组血清BK、5-HT、SAA、CRP、ESR水平及VAS均高于CPTHA组(P<0.05);术后12个月,BPTHA组血清BK、5-HT、SAA、CRP、ESR水平及VAS均低于CPTHA组(P<0.05).BPTHA组并发症发生率为3.13％,CPTHA组并发症发生率为4.69％,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 BPTHA、CPTHA均可应用于老年DFNF的临床治疗,但CPTHA近期疗效优于BPTHA,而BPTHA远期疗效优于CPTHA.     

经自然腔道取标本手术在结直肠外科手术中的应用进展

随着腔镜技术的进一步发展以及微创理念应用于结直肠外科疾病的诊治中,结直肠相关疾病的诊治发生了翻天覆地的变化。由传统的经腹手术到腹腔镜手术、经自然腔道手术,再到经自然腔道取标本手术(NOSES),结直肠疾病的外科诊治在微创领域取得了巨大成果。NOSES技术是目前结直肠外科在微创领域前沿的手术方式之一,它通过经直肠、阴道取标本来避免了腹壁的辅助取标本切口,从而将结直肠外科手术进一步微创化。NOSES技术集传统腹腔镜手术的优势与现代微创外科的理念于一体,它在确保手术效果的基础上集中体现了微创、加速康复外科、功能外科、"无疤"等理念的特点。本文主要就国内外各中心开展NOSES技术在结直肠外科诊治开展中的相关经验、心得和体会进行综述。     

Pseudoaneurysm in the inferior alveolar artery following a bad split in bilateral sagittal split osteotomy

Pseudoaneurysms in the external carotid artery system are rare, mostly reported in the superficial temporal and facial arteries. The bilateral sagittal split osteotomy has a low incidence of complications requiring emergency interventions. We report the case of a patient with acute bleeding from a pseudoaneurysm of the inferior alveolar artery diagnosed by angiography and treated successfully by super-selective embolization.     

A Perioperative Care Display for Understanding High Acuity Patients

Background  The data visualization literature asserts that the details of the optimal data display must be tailored to the specific task, the background of the user, and the characteristics of the data. The general organizing principle of a concept-oriented display is known to be useful for many tasks and data types. Objectives  In this project, we used general principles of data visualization and a co-design process to produce a clinical display tailored to a specific cognitive task, chosen from the anesthesia domain, but with clear generalizability to other clinical tasks. To support the work of the anesthesia-in-charge (AIC) our task was, for a given day, to depict the acuity level and complexity of each patient in the collection of those that will be operated on the following day. The AIC uses this information to optimally allocate anesthesia staff and providers across operating rooms. Methods  We used a co-design process to collaborate with participants who work in the AIC role. We conducted two in-depth interviews with AICs and engaged them in subsequent input on iterative design solutions. Results  Through a co-design process, we found (1) the need to carefully match the level of detail in the display to the level required by the clinical task, (2) the impedance caused by irrelevant information on the screen such as icons relevant only to other tasks, and (3) the desire for a specific but optional trajectory of increasingly detailed textual summaries. Conclusion  This study reports a real-world clinical informatics development project that engaged users as co-designers. Our process led to the user-preferred design of a single binary flag to identify the subset of patients needing further investigation, and then a trajectory of increasingly detailed, text-based abstractions for each patient that can be displayed when more information is needed.