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41.
Shuntaro Ando MD MScPH Sosei Yamaguchi PhD Yuta Aoki MD Graham Thornicroft MD PhD 《Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences》2013,67(7):471-482
The aim of this study is to understand the nature and characteristics of mental‐health‐related stigma among Japanese people. We searched relevant studies in English or Japanese published since 2001 using MEDLINE and PsycINFO, and found 19 studies that examined mental‐health‐related stigma in Japan. Regarding knowledge about mental illness, reviewed studies showed that in the Japanese general population, few people think that people can recover from mental disorders. Psychosocial factors, including weakness of personality, are often considered the cause of mental illness, rather than biological factors. In addition, the majority of the general public in Japan keep a greater social distance from individuals with mental illness, especially in close personal relationships. Schizophrenia is more stigmatized than depression, and its severity increases the stigmatizing attitude toward mental illness. The literature also showed an association between more direct social contact between health professionals and individuals with mental illness and less stigmatization by these professionals. Less stigmatization by mental health professionals may be associated with accumulation of clinical experience and daily contact with people who have mental illness. Stigmatizing attitudes in Japan are stronger than in Taiwan or Australia, possibly due to institutionalism, lack of national campaigns to tackle stigma, and/or society's valuing of conformity in Japan. Although educational programs appear to be effective in reducing mental‐health‐related stigma, future programs in Japan need to address problems regarding institutionalism and offer direct social contact with people with mental illness. 相似文献
42.
Yukari Sekiguchi Sonoko Misawa Kazumoto Shibuya Satsuki Mitsuma Shigeki Hirano Shigeki Ohmori Shunsuke Koga Yuta Iwai Minako Beppu Satoshi Kuwabara 《Clinical neurophysiology》2013,124(7):1465-1469
ObjectiveTo elucidate the features of sensory nerve involvement in Fisher syndrome (FS), this study extensively investigated sensory electrophysiology.MethodsIn 47 consecutive FS patients, results of sensory nerve conduction studies in the median, ulnar and sural nerves, soleus H-reflexes, and median or tibial somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEP) were reviewed. Because of the large effects of age on amplitude of sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP), we strictly defined reduction of SNAP amplitudes by using a nomogram which age and amplitude obtained from 87normal subjects.ResultsIn routine nerve conduction studies, SNAP amplitude was reduced only in 32% of the patients, and conduction velocity was decreased in 2%. In contrast, soleus H-reflexes were frequently absent or reduced (67%). SEPs were abnormal only in 17%.ConclusionsIn FS, absent soleus H-reflexes are the most frequent electrophysiologic abnormalities, whereas SNAPs amplitudes are rarely affected. The pattern is characterized by predominant involvement of group Ia afferents with relatively preserved cutaneous afferents without evidence suggestive of demyelination.SignificanceThe major targets of immune attack by anti-GQ1b antibodies in FS appear to be group Ia neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, and this is presumably responsible for ataxia and areflexia in FS. 相似文献
43.
44.
Prevalence and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) change with advancing age. However, neurochemical background of such age-related change is yet to be elucidated. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of 16 proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies comprising 270 individuals with ADHD and 235 controls. Standardized mean differences were calculated and used as an effect size. Sensitivity analyses and meta-regression to explore the effect of age on neurochemical abnormality were performed. A random effects model identified a significantly higher-than-normal N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but no significant differences of other metabolites in that area. No significant difference in metabolite levels was demonstrated in any other region. Sensitivity analysis of children with ADHD revealed significantly higher-than-normal NAA, whereas no significant difference was found in adults with ADHD. Meta-regression revealed significant correlation between advanced age and normal levels of NAA in the mPFC, suggesting that age-dependent abnormality of NAA level in the mPFC is a potential neural basis of age-related change of symptoms of ADHD. 相似文献
45.
Minori Kawai Takashi Nakamura Naoya Miura Mio Maeta Hiroki Tanaka Keisuke Ueda Kenjirou Higashi Kunikazu Moribe Kota Tange Yuta Nakai Hiroki Yoshioka Hideyoshi Harashima Hidetaka Akita 《Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine》2018,14(8):2587-2597
Cytoplasmic DNA triggers cellular immunity via activating the stimulator of interferon genes pathway. Since DNA is degradable and membrane impermeable, delivery system would permit cytoplasmic delivery by destabilizing the endosomal membrane for the use as an adjuvant. Herein, we report on the development of a plasmid DNA (pDNA)-encapsulating lipid nanoparticle (LNP). The structural components include an SS-cleavable and pH-activated lipid-like material that mounts vitamin E as a hydrophobic scaffold, and dual sensing motifs that are responsive to the intracellular environment (ssPalmE). The pDNA-encapsulating LNP (ssPalmE-LNP) induced a high interferon-β production in Raw 264.7 cells. The subcutaneous injection of ssPalmE-LNP strongly enhanced antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell activity. The ssPalmE-LNP treatment efficiently induced antitumor effects against E.G7-OVA tumor and B16-F10 melanoma metastasis. Furthermore, when combined with an anti-programmed death 1 antibody, an extensive therapeutic antitumor effect was observed. Therefore, the ssPalmE-LNP is a promising carrier of adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy. 相似文献
46.
Toshihiro Fujiki Yuta Sakai Yasuhiro Ikawa Mika Takenaka Kazuhiro Noguchi Rie Kuroda Takatoshi Abe Kozo Nomura Seisho Sakai Taizo Wada 《Pediatric blood & cancer》2023,70(4):e30172
An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of myofibroblasts and inflammatory cell infiltration. Although radical resection is the only established treatment strategy for IMT, it can cause functional disorders when vital organs are affected. We describe a case of pediatric IMT of the bladder with FN1–ALK (fibronectin 1–anaplastic lymphoma kinase) fusion. Radical resection might lead to urinary disturbance due to the large tumor size at diagnosis. However, the tumor was successfully treated with alectinib, a second-generation ALK inhibitor, followed by transurethral resection of the bladder tumor without any complications. 相似文献
47.
Kimura Yuta Tsunedomi Ryouichi Yoshimura Kiyoshi Matsukuma Satoshi Shindo Yoshitaro Matsui Hiroto Tokumitsu Yukio Yoshida Shin Iida Michihisa Suzuki Nobuaki Takeda Shigeru Ioka Tatsuya Hazama Shoichi Nagano Hiroaki 《Annals of surgical oncology》2022,29(12):7423-7433
Annals of Surgical Oncology - Poor prognosis in liver cancer is due to its high frequency of intrahepatic metastasis. Cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs), which possess the properties of stemness, tumor... 相似文献
48.
Masaru Morita Hajime Otsu Hiroyuki Kawano Yuta Kasagi Yasue Kimura Hiroshi Saeki Koji Ando Satoshi Ida Eiji Oki Eriko Tokunaga Tetsuo Ikeda Tetsuya Kusumoto Yoshihiko Maehara 《Surgery today》2014,44(3):505-512
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to clarify the gender differences in the prognosis, as well as mortality and morbidity, of patients who have undergone esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.Methods
The clinical results of esophagectomy were compared between 975 male and 156 female patients with esophageal cancer.Results
The male to female ratios of cervical and thoracic esophageal cancer were 1.87 and 7.38, respectively (P < 0.01). The incidence of preoperative comorbidities was 32.4 and 17.4 %, respectively, and the rates of both tobacco and alcohol abuse were significantly lower in the females than in the males. The mortality rate was lower in the females (3.8 %) than in the males (5.7 %), although the differences were not significant. The overall survival was significantly better in the female than in the male patients (P = 0.039). The 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 32.6 and 20.5 % in the males and 39.5 and 32.5 % in the females, respectively. A multivariate analysis revealed gender to be an independent prognostic factor. However, no significant differences were recognized in disease-specific survival.Conclusions
These results suggest that the prognosis of females with esophageal cancer is better than that of males after esophagectomy, most likely due to multiple clinical factors, such as a more favorable lifestyle and general status. 相似文献49.
50.
Tatsunobu Natsubori Hideyuki Inoue Osamu Abe Yosuke Takano Norichika Iwashiro Yuta Aoki Shinsuke Koike Noriaki Yahata Masaki Katsura Wataru Gonoi Hiroki Sasaki Hidemasa Takao Kiyoto Kasai Hidenori Yamasue 《Schizophrenia bulletin》2014,40(5):1128-1139
Changes in brain pathology as schizophrenia progresses have been repeatedly suggested by previous studies. Meta-analyses of previous proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) studies at each clinical stage of schizophrenia indicate that the abnormalities of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and glutamatergic metabolites change progressively. However, to our knowledge, no single study has addressed the possible differences in 1H MRS abnormalities in subjects at 3 different stages of disease, including those at ultrahigh risk for psychosis (UHR), with first-episode schizophrenia (FES), and with chronic schizophrenia (ChSz). In the current study, 24 patients with UHR, 19 FES, 25 ChSz, and their demographically matched 3 independent control groups (n = 26/19/28 for the UHR, FES, and ChSz control groups, respectively) underwent 1H MRS in a 3-Tesla scanner to examine metabolites in medial prefrontal cortex. The analysis revealed significant decreases in the medial prefrontal NAA and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) levels, specifically in the ChSz group as indexed by a significant interaction between stage (UHR/FES/ChSz) and clinical status (patients/controls) (P = .008). Furthermore, the specificity of NAA and Glx reductions compared with the other metabolites in the patients with ChSz was also supported by a significant interaction between the clinical status and types of metabolites that only occurred at the ChSz stage (P = .001 for NAA, P = .004 for Glx). The present study demonstrates significant differences in 1H MRS abnormalities at different stages of schizophrenia, which potentially correspond to changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission, plasticity, and/or excitotoxicity and regional neuronal integrity with relevance for the progression of schizophrenia.Key words: anterior cingulate cortex, at-risk mental state, biomarkers, frontal lobe, magnetic resonance imaging, neurochemical abnormality 相似文献