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171.
172.
Nobuhiro Takemae Tung Nguyen Long Thanh Ngo Yasuaki Hiromoto Yuko Uchida Vu Phong Pham Tsutomu Kageyama Shizuko Kasuo Shinichi Shimada Yasutaka Yamashita Kaoru Goto Hideyuki Kubo Vu Tri Le Hung Van Vo Hoa Thi Do Dang Hoang Nguyen Tsuyoshi Hayashi Aya Matsuu Takehiko Saito 《Archives of virology》2013,158(4):859-876
The antigenicity of the influenza A virus hemagglutinin is responsible for vaccine efficacy in protecting pigs against swine influenza virus (SIV) infection. However, the antigenicity of SIV strains currently circulating in Japan and Vietnam has not been well characterized. We examined the antigenicity of classical H1 SIVs, pandemic A(H1N1)2009 (A(H1N1)pdm09) viruses, and seasonal human-lineage SIVs isolated in Japan and Vietnam. A hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was used to determine antigenic differences that differentiate the recent Japanese H1N2 and H3N2 SIVs from the H1N1 and H3N2 domestic vaccine strains. Minor antigenic variation between pig A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses was evident by HI assay using 13 mAbs raised against homologous virus. A Vietnamese H1N2 SIV, whose H1 gene originated from a human strain in the mid-2000s, reacted poorly with post-infection ferret serum against human vaccine strains from 2000-2010. These results provide useful information for selection of optimal strains for SIV vaccine production. 相似文献
173.
Yumiko H Nishimura Masako Ono-Kihara Jagdis C Mohith Renaud NgManSun Takayuki Homma Ralph J DiClemente Delia L Lang Masahiro Kihara 《BMC international health and human rights》2007,7(1):8
Background
Little is known about the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Indian Ocean region, including Mauritius. National records suggest a prevalence of HIV in Mauritius of < 1% in the general population, which is one of the lowest prevalence rates in southern Africa. However, HIV-positive cases have been increasing recently in Mauritius. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in January 2003 to assess the prevalence of HIVrelated sexual behaviors and their correlates among young people aged 15–24 years in Mauritius. 相似文献174.
Tsutomu Tsuruoka Harumi Fukuyasu Masayuki Azetaka Yumiko Iizuka Shigeharu Inouye Masuo Hosokawa Hiroshi Kobayashi 《Cancer science》1995,86(1):41-47
Sodium d -glucaro-δ-lactam (ND2001) inhibited spontaneous pulmonary metastases of the highly metastatic B16 melanoma variant with a maximal inhibition rate of 99.5%, and 6 of 7 animals remained metastasis-free. Likewise, ND2001 inhibited the spontaneous pulmonary metastases of both Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) with a rate of 98.0% (3 of 5 animals remaining metastasis-free) and rat KDH-8 liver carcinoma with a rate of 82.5% (3 of 7 animals remaining metastasis-free), although it was unable to inhibit the metastases of mouse BMT-11 fibrosarcoma and rat SST-2 breast carcinoma. Pretreatment with ND2001 in vitro inhibited the pulmonary metastases of the B16 variant and 3LL cells, which indicates direct action upon the cancer cells. When the invasive activity of cancer cells was measured by the Boyden chamber method, the number of invading B16 variant or 3LL cells was reduced with maximal inhibition rates of 93.0% or 89.9%, respectively, but pretreatment with ND2001 failed to reduce the invasive activity of BMT-11 or SST-2 cells. ND2001 showed neither cytocidal nor antitumor activity. These results suggest that ND2001 inhibited pulmonary metastases at the invasive step into the basement membrane by directly changing some property of the tumor cells. 相似文献
175.
176.
Numata T Iida Y Shiba K Hanazawa T Terada N Nagata H Konno A 《Annals of plastic surgery》2002,48(6):607-612
This report focuses on the monitoring of intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamics of free flaps for repair of head and neck defects by color Doppler sonography (CDS). The study group included 20 patients with head and neck cancer who underwent resection and reconstruction with free flaps. The hemodynamics in the feeding arteries of the flaps were measured during the following six stages: before surgery, immediately after microvascular anastomosis, and on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 7. The pulsatility index (PI) was used as the index for measuring changes in hemodynamics over time. Grafts showed the maximal PI immediately after vascular anastomosis. PI decreased over 3 to 7 days. Of the 20 patients, 1 patient in whom the hypopharynx was reconstructed with the radial forearm flap developed venous occlusion. This was diagnosed during the early stage using CDS, allowing the flap to be saved. CDS proved to be very useful for real-time observation of the hemodynamics in free flaps. 相似文献
177.
The long-term effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor cilazapril on retinal and choroidal circulation in rats with spontaneous diabetes type 2 were assessed by corrosion casts, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. One group of 20 male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats was treated with 10 mg/kg/day of cilazapril from 4 to 64 weeks of age, and 20 other OLETF rats received no treatment. A third group, 20 male Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats, served as age-matched controls. At regular intervals, the rats were weighed, and their blood glucose was measured. Before the experiment, their systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol level were determined. At 64 weeks of age, the OLETF rats weighed significantly less than the cilazapril-treated OLETF and the LETO rats (p < 0.0001). At the same age, 100% of the untreated OLETF rats had bilateral cataracts, while the lens was clear and no fundus abnormality was detected in the cilazapril-treated OLETF rats and the LETO rats. Cilazapril lowered systolic blood pressure to a nearly normal level, significantly prevented the increase in blood sugar and inhibited the increase in serum cholesterol in the OLETF rats throughout the treatment. In the 64-week-old OLETF rats without treatment, corrosion cast and SEM revealed diabetic retinal and choroidal vascular changes: tortuosity of the vessels, variations in caliber, narrowing of arteries, arterio-arteriolar anastomoses and hairpin loop formation in precapillary arterioles, sparse collecting venules in the choroid and marked capillary changes such as caliber irregularity, narrowing, tortuosity, loop formation and decreased capillaries, outpouching and microaneurysms. In the cilazapril-treated OLETF rats, these changes were markedly decreased to the level seen in the LETO rats, in which the retinal and choroidal blood vessels had a definite and fairly constant pattern and the capillaries were more regularly and densely arranged and had a remarkably uniform caliber. Our results show that the long-term administration of cilazapril before or from the initial onset significantly prevented the increase in blood sugar and inhibited the increases in serum cholesterol in OLETF rats throughout the treatment, lowered systolic arterial pressure to a nearly normal level and prevented diabetic ocular complications. The effects of cilazapril on the diabetic retinal and choroidal vasculature are described for the first time. SEM of corrosion casts is a valuable and easy technique for showing precisely and three-dimensionally the effects of some drugs on the vasculature. 相似文献
178.
179.
Shinagawa N Manabe T Takeyama H Hasegawa M Hirata K Mukaiya M Katsuramaki T Taniguchi M Ushijima Y Mashita K Aikawa N Sekine K Ishikawa S Mizuno A Iwai S Kato K Kinoshita H Morimoto K Sato T Fujimoto M Yura J Tanimura H Ohnishi H Maeda T Sueda T Takesue Y Tanaka N Iwagaki H Yokoyama T Hiyama E Fuchimoto S Inoue F Kimura H Ikeda S Yasunami Y Konaga E Takeuchi H Suzuki Y Nakane Y 《The Japanese journal of antibiotics》2002,55(6):730-763
Tendency of isolated bacteria from infections in general surgery and their antimicrobial susceptibilities during the period from April 2000 to March 2001 were investigated in a multicenter study in Japan, and the following results were obtained. The number of cases investigated as objectives was 234 for one year. A total of 388 strains (136 strains from primary infections and 252 strains from postoperative infections) were isolated from 165 cases (70.5% of total cases). In primary infections, anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria were predominant, while from postoperative infections, aerobic Gram-positive bacteria were predominant. Among aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Enterococcus faecalis was the highest, followed by that of Staphylococcus aureus from postoperative infections. Among anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Peptostreptococcus spp. was the highest from both types of infections. Among aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli was the most predominantly isolated from primary infections, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in this order, and from postoperative infections, P. aeruginosa was the most predominantly isolated, followed by Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. Among anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, the isolation rate of Bacteroides fragilis group was the highest from both types of infections. There was no vancomycin-resistant S. aureus nor Enterococcus spp. Among anaerobic bacteria, there were many resistant strains against penicillins and cephems with MICs higher than 100 micrograms/ml, and the same trend was observed among other Bacteroides spp. and Prevotella spp. 相似文献
180.
Okada M Watanabe M Lyons YI Sugiura Y Kudo Y Shinji H Aizawa Y Kotani M 《Toxicology letters》2002,134(1-3):185-194
The present study was conducted to clarify the toxicity of Indium arsenide (InAs) particles to alveolar macrophages of hamsters by cytomagnetometry, enzyme release assays and morphological examinations. One million alveolar macrophages obtained from hamsters were exposed to 60 microg of ferrosoferric oxide and 2, 4, 10 and 20 microg of InAs particles. Relaxation, which is the rapid decline of strength of the remanent magnetic fields radiating from the alveolar macrophages, was insignificantly delayed and decay constants were not changed due to exposure to such doses of InAs. Because the relaxation is thought to be associated with the cytoskeleton, the exposure to InAs may not have impaired their motor function. An LDH release assay and morphological findings indicate slight damage to macrophages. DNA electrophoresis and the TUNEL method revealed neither necrotic changes nor apoptotic changes. Thus, InAs particles at such doses hardly cause cytostructural changes and cell death. 相似文献