全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11067篇 |
免费 | 722篇 |
国内免费 | 61篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 174篇 |
儿科学 | 341篇 |
妇产科学 | 158篇 |
基础医学 | 1530篇 |
口腔科学 | 329篇 |
临床医学 | 875篇 |
内科学 | 2843篇 |
皮肤病学 | 348篇 |
神经病学 | 869篇 |
特种医学 | 344篇 |
外科学 | 1269篇 |
综合类 | 53篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 484篇 |
眼科学 | 246篇 |
药学 | 854篇 |
中国医学 | 26篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1106篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 75篇 |
2022年 | 121篇 |
2021年 | 295篇 |
2020年 | 180篇 |
2019年 | 228篇 |
2018年 | 301篇 |
2017年 | 243篇 |
2016年 | 291篇 |
2015年 | 298篇 |
2014年 | 400篇 |
2013年 | 478篇 |
2012年 | 747篇 |
2011年 | 743篇 |
2010年 | 428篇 |
2009年 | 375篇 |
2008年 | 687篇 |
2007年 | 683篇 |
2006年 | 551篇 |
2005年 | 575篇 |
2004年 | 586篇 |
2003年 | 532篇 |
2002年 | 550篇 |
2001年 | 211篇 |
2000年 | 213篇 |
1999年 | 204篇 |
1998年 | 126篇 |
1997年 | 101篇 |
1996年 | 100篇 |
1995年 | 61篇 |
1994年 | 63篇 |
1993年 | 60篇 |
1992年 | 124篇 |
1991年 | 92篇 |
1990年 | 109篇 |
1989年 | 113篇 |
1988年 | 100篇 |
1987年 | 115篇 |
1986年 | 100篇 |
1985年 | 78篇 |
1984年 | 67篇 |
1983年 | 48篇 |
1981年 | 22篇 |
1979年 | 55篇 |
1978年 | 27篇 |
1977年 | 28篇 |
1975年 | 20篇 |
1974年 | 29篇 |
1972年 | 20篇 |
1970年 | 20篇 |
1966年 | 24篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 390 毫秒
81.
82.
Suzuki T Muraki Y Yasukochi T Zhang H Kori Y Wakamatsu E Hayashi T Goto D Ito S Tsutsumi A Sumichika H Sumida T Matsumoto I 《Autoimmunity reviews》2005,4(7):475-478
Anti-glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) antibodies (Abs) solely induce arthritis in mice. High titers of anti-GPI Abs are found in some patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but their pathogenic role remains elusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenic role of anti-GPI Abs in cynomolgus monkeys. IgG fractions were separated from sera of anti-GPI Abs-positive RA patients and healthy subjects and directly injected into the metacarpophalangeal joints of 4 cynomolgus monkeys. At day 16, the joints were harvested and examined histologically and immunohistochemically. The expression of C5a receptor (C5aR) molecule in the synovium was quantified by real-time PCR using cDNA from monkey joints. In monkey joints, IgG including anti-GPI Abs resulted in recruitment of granulocytes and mononuclear cells, strong deposition of human IgG on the articular surface, and overexpression of C5aR, but no joint swelling. No infiltrated cells or IgG deposition were observed in monkeys injected with IgGs from healthy subjects. Our results suggest that IgG fraction from RA patients including anti-GPI Abs may play a crucial role in the generation of synovitis in monkeys, although the pathogenesis of anti-GPI Abs in RA patients is still uncertain. 相似文献
83.
Haruyuki Hirata Naoaki Yokoyama Xuenan Xuan Kozo Fujisaki Naoyoshi Suzuki Ikuo Igarashi 《Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI》2005,12(2):334-338
In this study, we characterized a Babesia equi Be158 gene obtained by immunoscreening a B. equi cDNA expression phage library with B. equi-infected horse serum. The Be158 gene consists of an open reading frame of 3,510 nucleotides. The recombinant Be158 gene product was produced in Escherichia coli and used for the immunization of mice. In Western blot analysis, mouse immune serum against the Be158 gene product recognized 75- and 158-kDa proteins from the lysate of B. equi-infected erythrocytes. In an indirect fluorescent-antibody test with the mouse immune serum, the Be158 antigen appeared in the cytoplasm of Maltese cross-forming parasites (which consist of four merozoites) and was located mainly in the extraerythrocytic merozoite body. When the recombinant Be158 gene product was used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a serological antigen, it was found to react to B. equi-infected horse sera, indicating that the Be158 gene product is useful as a serologically diagnostic antigen for B. equi infection. 相似文献
84.
Sakai Y Hosaka M Yoshinaga A Hira Y Harumi T Watanabe T 《Archives of histology and cytology》2004,67(1):57-64
Secretogranin III (SgIII), a member of the granin protein family, is expressed specifically in neuronal and endocrine cells. To examine the precise localization of SgIII in the endocrine pancreas, pancreatic tissues of rats were analyzed immunocytochemically with a polyclonal anti-serum raised against rat SgIII. By light microscopy of semithin sections, the immunoreactivity for SgIII was readily detected in pancreatic A- and B-cells, faintly so in D-cells, and not at all in the exocrine pancreas. By immunoelectron microscopy, immunogold particles indicative of SgIII were observed in the peripheral regions of secretory granules, and universally in the pancreatic endocrine cells. Morphometrical analyses indicated that SgIII is most preferentially localized in the periphery of the secretory granule among granins. These findings suggest that SgIII is closely associated with the secretory granule membrane, serving to anchor the aggregates of other soluble constituents to the membrane. 相似文献
85.
Xuan X Larsen A Ikadai H Tanaka T Igarashi I Nagasawa H Fujisaki K Toyoda Y Suzuki N Mikami T 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2001,39(2):705-709
The gene encoding the entire Babesia equi merozoite antigen 1 (EMA-1) was inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector, and a recombinant virus expressing EMA-1 was isolated. The expressed EMA-1 was transported to the surface of infected insect cells, as judged by an indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT). The expressed EMA-1 was also secreted into the supernatant of a cell culture infected with recombinant baculovirus. Both intracellular and extracellular EMA-1 reacted with a specific antibody in Western blots. The expressed EMA-1 had an apparent molecular mass of 34 kDa that was identical to that of native EMA-1. The secreted EMA-1 was used as an antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA differentiated B. equi-infected horse sera from Babesia caballi-infected horse sera or normal horse sera. The ELISA was more sensitive than the complement fixation test and IFAT. These results demonstrated that the recombinant EMA-1 expressed in insect cells might be a useful diagnostic reagent for detection of antibodies to B. equi. 相似文献
86.
The interaction between oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and macrophages are known to be important in the development of arteriosclerosis. Macrophages take up oxidized LDL, becoming foam cells, which contribute to the thickening of the blood vessel wall. The antioxidant properties of polyphenols found in vegetables and other foods have been shown to have a protective effect against arteriosclerosis. To elucidate the effect of flavonoids from fruits, vegetables and cereals on oxidized LDL uptake in macrophages, the inhibitory activity of various flavonoids on DiI-ac-LDL uptake reaction in mouse macrophage cell line J774.1 was measured. We found significant uptake of DiI-ac-LDL, but not DiI-LDL, into the J774.1 cells. In addition, polyinosin and dextran sulphate inhibited uptake, but apigenin, kaempferol, and naringenin, did not. Isoflavones and resveratrol significantly inhibit uptake of DiI-ac-LDL into macrophages, and have a protective effect against arteriosclerosis. 相似文献
87.
88.
Naoya Nakamura Naoyoshi Mori Koichi Ohshima Tetsuo Kuze Yuko Hashimoto Yoshikazu Sasaki Asumi Shirakawa Michiko Sato Masafumi Abe 《Diagnostic molecular pathology》2002,11(2):83-89
We examined nucleotide sequences of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS)-like B cells in a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and a case of adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL) for single-cell polymerase chain reaction of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene variable region (VH gene). HRS-like B cells were scattered in the area irrelevant to the lymphoma infiltrates of DLBCL and in the lymphoma area of ATL. HRS-like B cells were positive for CD20 and CD30 but negative for CD15. EBV presented in HRS-like B cells in both cases but not in any lymphoma cells. VH genes of five HRS-like B cells analyzed in DLBCL were polyclonal and showed in-frame sequences with 0% to 2.8% somatic mutation frequency. In an ATL, VH genes of five HRS-like B cells analyzed were polyclonal and somatically mutated. Four cells carried in-frame rearrangements with 3.5% to 17.7% mutation frequency. One of the VH genes has a one-codon deletion. From the fifth cell, an out-of-frame rearrangement with an insertion and a deletion was obtained. Thus, we showed polyclonal EBV-positive HRS-like B cells in both DLBCL and ATL and that whereas EBV-positive, HRS-like B cells in DLBCL exhibited unmutated and mutated VH gene, those in ATL were found to have a somatically mutated VH gene with/without deletions and/or insertions. The HRS-like B cells may appear because of active EBV infection in a patient who is immunosuppressed from the primary lymphoma. 相似文献
89.
Kashimura T Kodama M Hotta Y Hosoya J Yoshida K Ozawa T Watanabe R Okura Y Kato K Hanawa H Kuwano R Aizawa Y 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》2004,444(3):283-292
Coxsackievirus B is the most common cause of viral myocarditis and is particularly virulent in neonates and children. Adenovirus is also a leading cause of the disease. The determinant of tropism for both viruses is considered to be the expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) in target organs. However, developmental change and physiological localization of CAR in the heart are unknown. We examined expression levels of CAR in rat hearts by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis and found that CAR decreased gradually during postnatal development, although CAR was detectable, even in adults. Immunohistochemistry revealed CAR on the whole surface of cardiomyocytes in immature rat hearts. In contrast, CAR was detected predominantly on intercalated disks in the adult heart and was accumulated especially at the contact point between the cultured cardiomyocytes, even though they were prepared from the neonatal rat heart. In conclusion, CAR was expressed abundantly on the whole surface of cardiomyocytes in immature rat hearts. Both the expression level and the localization of CAR are possible determinants of the susceptibility to viral myocarditis of neonates and children. 相似文献
90.
Tatsuo Yamazaki Shigeki Tomita Kazuhito Ichikawa Yuko Ono Fujiyuki Inaba Ichio Fukasawa Yasuo Imai Johji Imura Hirokazu Fukui Takahiro Fujimori Noriyuki Inaba 《Pathobiology》2006,73(4):176-182
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationship between P16-immunostaining patterns and clinicopathological factors in early uterine cervix cancers and assessed whether P16-immunostaining patterns predict the prognosis of the patients with early uterine cervix cancers. METHODS: Twenty-nine early squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) specimens of the uterus were examined using immunohistochemistry for P16 expression. The P16-immunostaining pattern was classified into two groups: the homogeneous type and the heterogeneous type. P16-immunostaining patterns were evaluated in different parts of the carcinoma in situ (CIS): the center of the tumor and the front interface of the infiltrating tumor. RESULTS: All specimens were of the homogeneous type in CIS. The P16-immunostaining pattern was significantly of the heterogeneous type in the front interface of the infiltrating tumor with lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence. Regarding the P16-immunostaining patterns in the front interface of the infiltrating tumor, the patients with the heterogeneous type showed a significantly worse prognosis than the patients with the homogeneous type. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of patients with early uterine cervical SCC may be predicted by evaluating the P16-immunostaining pattern in the front interface of the infiltrating tumor. 相似文献