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991.
992.
Akihiko Kaetsu Motonobu Miyazaki Takuya Imatoh Erika Matsumoto Yukiko Sakamoto Mariko Takano Hiroshi Une 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2008,14(4):291-295
In the present study, to elucidate an outbreak of measles in Saitama City, Japan, we analyzed the data for all notified subjects with measles. According to an active surveillance program, a total of 464 subjects were notified in 2007. The clinical criteria for the diagnosis of measles were defined as at least 3 days of a generalized maculopapular rash; a fever of 38.0 degrees C or more; and cough, mucus, or pharyngitis. Two peaks according to age group were recognized: namely, children less than 2 years of age and adolescents from 15 to 19 years of age. The latter peak was associated with the period of time when the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine had become a social problem (40.9% of vaccinees and 41.6% of non-vaccinees in this group). Japan is said to be a developing country regarding its measles vaccination strategy. In addition, no national program against measles has yet been established. Continuous efforts to increase immunization coverage are needed to interrupt indigenous measles transmission. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare should therefore plan and implement a nationwide program to eliminate measles in Japan. 相似文献
993.
Y. I. Kim M. Kobayashi T. Egashira K. Kawano A. Morimoto T. Kai T. Shimada 《Zeitschrift für die gesamte experimentelle Medizin einschliesslich experimenteller Chirurgie》1993,193(1):337-345
We studied the relationship between augmentation of liver regeneration with immunosuppressants and malondialdehyde (MDA, an end-product of lipid peroxides) production. MDA was determined using the thiobarbituric acid reaction. Rats underwent a 4-day treatment of FK506 (FK, 1 mg/kg per day), cyclosporine (Cs, 10 mg/kg) or azathioprine (AZA, 1 mg/kg) by gavage prior to 70% hepatectomy. They were then divided into four groups: (1) controls (vehicle-treated); (2) FK; (3) Cs; (4) AZA. MDA levels, uptake of BrdU (5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine) in the liver and serum biochemistry were investigated 24h after hepatoctomy. Immunosuppressant pretherapy significantly stimulated BrdU uptake by hepatocytes, in association with increased MDA production, while there were no differences in serum liver injury parameters among the groups given or not given immunosuppressants. The implications of the rising MDA values during liver regeneration are discussed with respect to immunosuppression and a measure of lipid peroxidation. Additional study indicated that one immunodepressant pretreatment (24h prior to hepatectomy) was effective for up-regulation of liver regeneration. 相似文献
994.
995.
M Watanabe T Matsura Y Takatori K Ueki T Kobatake M Hidaka H Hirakawa S Fukukmoto Y Shimada 《Endoscopy》1989,21(1):39-42
Five cases of ectopic liver, two of retro-peritoneal cavity and three of gallbladder, and a case of accessory lobe of the liver, are reported. One of these cases with ectopic liver was accompanied by multiple cysts of the liver and kidney, and biliary microhamartoma, which was observed laparoscopically on the surface of the main liver and histologically proven in the ectopic liver. 相似文献
996.
997.
998.
Naohiro Ichino Yuji Horiguchi Hideo Imai Keisuke Osakabe Tohru Nishikawa Yukiko Sugita Hideko Utsugi Yoko Togo Tomoko Sawai Yoshikazu Mizoguchi 《Journal of Medical Ultrasonics》2006,33(1):29-35
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the enhancement behavior of pancreatic ductal carcinoma by contrast-enhanced sonography
with agent detection imaging (ADI), and to clarify the origin of microbubble signals by comparisons with histological findings
of resected specimens.
Methods The subjects were 21 patients with resectable pancreatic carcinoma. The final histological diagnosis was tubular adenocarcinoma
in 20 cases, and anaplastic carcinoma in one case. Ultrasound examinations were performed using an Acuson Sequoia 512 series
system, and the contrast agent (Levovist) was injected intravenously in doses of 7 ml (300 mg/ml). The ADI signals (in the
tumor) were recorded continuously for 30 s after an injection of Levovist (vascular image) and then obtained intermittently
(30 s time-intervals) until the signal had diminished in pancreatic tissue (perfusion image).
Results Contrast enhancement of the tumor was observed in 71.4% of subjects on the vascular image and 76.3% of subjects on the perfusion
image. Enhancement patterns on the vascular image were classified into three types: VI-1 (linear enhancement), VI-2 (spotty
enhancement), and VI-3 (no enhancement). VI-1, VI-2, and VI-3 were seen in 9 (42.8%), 6 (28.6%), and 6 (28.6%) of the 21 cases,
respectively. Enhancement patterns on the perfusion image were classified into four types: PI-1 (diffuse uneven enhancement),
PI-2 (spotty enhancement), PI-3 (peripheral enhancement), and PI-4 (negative enhancement). The incidence of PI-1, PI-2, PI-3,
and PI-4 was 4.8%, 42.9%, 28.6%, and 23.8%, respectively. With respect to resectable cases, these enhancement patterns were
compared with histological findings, i.e., the distribution of blood vessels in the tumor, remaining pancreatic tissues in
the tumor, differentiation of types of adenocarcinoma, volume of stroma, and invasion types of carcinoma. The enhanced patterns
consequently corresponded to either the distribution of the blood vessels or the remaining pancreatic tissues in the tumor.
Conclusion This study indicated that pancreatic ductal carcinoma is frequently enhanced by microbubbles, and the signals seem to originate
from fine blood vessels and the remaining pancreatic tissues in the tumor. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Quantitative estimation of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 provirus in CD4+ T lymphocytes using the polymerase chain reaction. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S Oka K Urayama Y Hirabayashi K Ohnishi H Goto K Mitamura S Kimura K Shimada 《Molecular and cellular probes》1991,5(2):137-142
The proviral burden of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 29 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) was estimated using a polymerase chain reaction method which we recently refined. The mean numbers of HIV-1 provirus in eight patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex treated with zidovudine (AZT), in 10 asymptomatic patients treated with AZT, and in 11 asymptomatic untreated patients were 892, 436, and 406 copies in 1 x 10(5) CD4- T lymphocytes, respectively. These results demonstrate that patients may have more HIV-1 provirus copies in an advanced than early stage of disease, and that the fraction of the infected lymphocytes is much higher than previously thought, especially in asymptomatic patients. There was no difference in the viral burden in CD4+ T lymphocytes regardless of whether AZT had been administered or not. These findings validate the method used here to quantitate HIV-1 provirus DNA and confirm that AZT is not effective in reducing the amount of provirus DNA in lymphocytes. 相似文献