静脉血栓栓塞症护理管理干预实践与探讨

目的:规范院内静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的防治护理工作,为住院患者提供规范、同质的VTE护理.方法:建立院内VTE防治护理专项小组,完善VTE防治护理程序,构建VTE管理信息化平台,采用多种形式的VTE知识培训,进行VTE防治质量监控.结果:组建VTE防治护理专项小组后,VTE高危患者健康教育知晓率为84.2％,高于组建...     

Systematic review of methodology and reporting quality of global guidelines on fever in children

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the global clinical practice guidelines on fever in children. We also aimed to select a guideline with good methodology and reporting quality to provide scientific reference for diagnosis and treatment of fever in children.Methods:The Chinese and English databases Embase, PubMed, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, clinical guides, and the website of the Department of Public Health Administration were retrieved up to January 2020. The clinical practice guidelines on fever in children were included. The AGREE II instrument and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare statement were used to evaluate the methodology and reporting quality of the guidelines.Results:Eight clinical guidelines for fever in children were included. Methodological quality assessment showed that the recommendation level of ISP, South Africa, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, China, and American College of Emergency Physicians were grade B (recommended with modification), while that of American Academy of Pediatrics, New South Wales, and South Australia was grade C recommendation (not recommended). No grade A recommendation guideline was found. The reporting quality from higher to lower was National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the Chinese guideline, American College of Emergency Physicians, ISP, South Africa, New South Wales, South Australia, and American Academy of Pediatrics. The guideline recommendations were similar in various countries, but they were slightly different in various aspects, including body temperature measurement and the timing of drug administration.Conclusion:There are limitations in the methodology and reporting quality of all eight global guidelines on fever in children. For future development of these guidelines, attention should be paid to improving applicability of the guidelines in terms of methodology. Additionally, the principles and explanations for formation of recommendations should be described, as well as the limitations of the reporting guideline in detail in terms of the reporting quality. Treatments of fever in children are similar in different countries, but there are still differences that require further research.     

The cancer-testis gene,MEIOB, sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to PARP1 inhibitors by inducing homologous recombination deficiency

Objective:The newly defined cancer-testis(CT)gene,MEIOB,was previously found to play key roles in DNA double-strand break(DSB)repair.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of MEIOB in the carcinogenesis of triple-negative breast cancers(TNBCs).Methods:The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to quantify the expression of MEIOB.Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between MEIOB expression and the prognosis of human TNBC.The effects of MEIOB on cell proliferation and migration in TNBCs were also assessed in vitro.Patient-derived xenograft(PDX)models were used to assess the sensitivity of breast cancers with active MEIOB to PARP1 inhibitors.Results:We confirmed MEIOB as a CT gene whose expression was restricted to the testes and breast tumors,especially TNBCs.Its activation was significantly associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients[overall,hazard ratio(HR)=1.90(1.16–2.06);TNBCs:HR=7.05(1.16–41.80)].In addition,we found that MEIOB was oncogenic and significantly promoted the proliferation of TNBC cells.Further analysis showed that MEIOB participated in DSB repair in TNBCs.However,in contrast to its function in meiosis,it mediated homologous recombination deficiency(HRD)through the activation of poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP)1 by interacting with YBX1.Furthermore,activated MEIOB was shown to confer sensitivity to PARP inhibitors,which was confirmed in PDX models.Conclusions:MEIOB played an oncogenic role in TNBC through its involvement in HRD.In addition,dysregulation of MEIOB sensitized TNBC cells to PARP inhibitors,so MEIOB may be a therapeutic target of PARP1 inhibitors in TNBC.     

Copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative radical alkoxycyclization of tryptamines to access 3-alkoxypyrroloindolines

We report a copper-catalyzed alkoxycyclization of tryptamine derivatives with O₂ as the sole oxidant, leading to a variety of C3a-alkoxypyrroloindolines in good yields with high diastereoselectivities. This reaction involves an interesting double catalytic cycle in which copper-catalyzed carboamination cyclization is favored to form the C-3 radical pyrrolidinoindoline intermediate, then a copper-catalytic radical alkoxylation reaction proceeds smoothly.

An oxazoline/copper-catalyzed cascade carboamination alkoxylation of substituted tryptamine under mild eco-friendly O₂ oxidation conditions was reported.

Pyrrolidino[2,3-b]indoline is an important heterocyclic core skeleton that exists in numerous biologically active natural products and pharmaceutical molecules.¹ Cyclotryptamine type molecules which are oxygenated at the C3a position are especially outstanding due to their prominent bioactivity profiles,² various applications in biological probes³ and chiral catalysts.⁴As direct access to these complex products, the development of C3a-oxygenation/cyclization reactions of tryptamine or tryptophan derivatives has attracted extensive interest from synthetic chemists. Recently, some remarkable efforts have contributed to the one-step assembly of 3-hydroxyl,⁵ acetoxyl,⁶ peroxyl⁷ and other oxygenated⁸ pyrroloindolines through oxidative cyclization of tryptophan substrates. However, by utilizing a similar strategy, the direct synthesis of 3-alkoxyl pyrroloindolines remains less developed. In 2020, Zhong et al.⁹ reported the first example of alkoxycyclization of tryptamine derivatives using molecular iodine catalyst with tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant. None of the other studies, like using transition-metal catalysts, have been described yet.Copper salts, which are inexpensive and easily accessible, have been widely used in organic synthesis as catalysts. Copper(ii)-promoted radical intramolecular carboamination of alkene has proven to be an effective means toward the synthesis of N-fused heterocycles.¹⁰ Recent reports have utilized this strategy toward the cyclization and radical alkylation, aromatization and aminooxygenation of alkene.¹⁰ However, due to the difficulty in homolytic breakage of the oxygen–hydrogen bond in alcohols with a high bond dissociation energy (BDE is ca.105 kcal mol⁻¹),¹¹ the related direct cyclization and radical alkoxylation of carbon–carbon double bond with copper catalysts is still unknown. Inspired by the relevant research of copper-catalyzed radical alkoxylation reaction,¹² we assume that if the catalytic carboamination and radical alkoxylation tandem reaction could be realized by a single copper catalyst, which will represent as a new effective protocol for the direct construction of alkoxyl-containing N-fused heterocycles. Herein, we report an oxazoline/copper-catalyzed cascade carboamination alkoxylation of substituted tryptamine under mild eco-friendly O₂ oxidation conditions, which facilitate the construction of the 3-alkoxyl pyrroloindolinese motif in good yield with good to excellent levels of diastereoselectivity (Scheme 1).Open in a separate windowScheme 1Copper-catalyzed cyclization and alkoxylation of tryptamines.In our studies, the commercial easily available N-methyl tryptamine 1a was chosen as model substrate. Initially, 10 mol% of metal salt CuBr₂ was used as catalyst, the 3-alkoxylation product 2a was obtained as 38% yield with 14/1 dr (

High-performance soy protein-based films from cellulose nanofibers and graphene oxide constructed synergistically via hydrogen and chemical bonding

Soybean protein isolate (SPI) shows a broad application prospect in the food and packaging industry. However, its inferior mechanical properties and water resistance limit its application. In this work, a series of SPI-based composite films were prepared by combining with cellulose nanofiber (CNF), graphene oxide (GO), GO/CNF, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EDGE) or GO/CNF/EGDE. The results show that by adding a small amount of reinforced materials (3%), the water resistance, hydrophilicity, mechanical properties and thermal stability of composite films were improved. The filling effect and hydrogen bonding of the reinforcing materials contribute to the formation of film structure. EGDE cross-link SPI with CNF and GO build a chemical network to improve the properties of the film. In addition, they could make a synergistic effect to better enhance the performance of a protein film. Therefore, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the SGCE film reached 469.21% and 367.58%, respectively.

Soybean protein isolate (SPI) shows a broad application prospect in the food and packaging industry.     

Surface acidity of tin dioxide nanomaterials revealed with 31P solid-state NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations

Tin dioxide (SnO₂) nanomaterials are important acid catalysts. It is therefore crucial to obtain details about the surface acidic properties in order to develop structure–property relationships. Herein, we apply ³¹P solid-state NMR spectroscopy combined with a trimethylphosphine (TMP) probe molecule, to study the facet-dependent acidity of SnO₂ nanosheets and nanoshuttles. With the help of density functional theory calculations, we show that the tin cations exposed on the surfaces are Lewis acid sites and their acid strengths rely on surface geometries. As a result, the (001), (101), (110), and (100) facets can be differentiated by the ³¹P NMR shifts of adsorbed TMP molecules, and their fractions in different nanomaterials can be extracted according to deconvoluted ³¹P NMR resonances. The results provide new insights on nanosized oxide acid catalysts.

Facet-dependent acidity of SnO₂ nanosheets and nanoshuttles is revealed with TMP-assisted ³¹P solid-state NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations.     

动脉粥样硬化危险因素衰老、肥胖、生物钟紊乱与核糖体新生的研究进展

动脉粥样硬化是心脑血管疾病的主要原因,可能由吸烟、高血压、衰老、肥胖、生物钟紊乱等多因素导致。核糖体作为蛋白质合成的分子机器,维持细胞内蛋白质稳态。文章聚焦于衰老、肥胖和生物钟紊乱对动脉粥样硬化的影响,以及与核糖体新生的关系,为动脉粥样硬化的机制研究和防治提供理论支持。     

Environmental fate and impacts of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems: a review

Wide usage of plastic products leads to the global occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the aquatic environment. Due to the small size, they can be bio-ingested, which may cause certain health effects. The present review starts with summarizing the main sources of various types of MPs and their occurrences in the aquatic environment, as well as their transportation and degradation pathways. The analysis of migration of MPs in water environments shows that the ultimate fate of most MPs in water environments is cracked into small fragments and sinking into the bottom of the ocean. The advantages and disadvantages of existing methods for detection and analysis of MPs are summarized. In addition, based on recent researches, the present review discusses MPs as carriers of organic pollutants and microorganisms, and explores the specific effects of MPs on aquatic organisms in the case of single and combined pollutants. Finally, by analysing the causes and influencing factors of their trophic transfer, the impact of MPs on high-level trophic organisms is explored.

The sources, fate and impacts of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems.     

Dual-wavelength visible photodetector based on vertical (In,Ga)N nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Due to the wide applications of blue and red photodetectors, dual-wavelength (blue/red) photodetectors are promising for future markets. In this work, a dual-wavelength photodetector based on vertical (In,Ga)N nanowires and graphene has been fabricated successfully. By using the transparent graphene, both blue and red responses can be clearly detected. The rise time of response can reach 3.5 ms. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of double responses has also been analyzed. The main reason contributing to the dual-wavelength response could be the different diameters of nanowires, leading to different In components within (In,Ga)N sections.

A dual-wavelength (blue/red) photodetector based on vertical (In,Ga)N nanowires and graphene has been fabricated successfully, which is promising for wide applications. The rise time of the response can reach 3.5 ms.     

Correction: Roles of water in the formation and preparation of graphene oxide

Correction for ‘Roles of water in the formation and preparation of graphene oxide’ by Qiang Zhang et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 15808–15816, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA10026A.

The authors regret that there was an error in the author affiliations in the original article. The correct affiliations are given here.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.