小儿心脏手术麻醉期间空气混合氧(Fi020.5)改善气体交换

目的:100%O2常规用于麻醉前预先吸氧和麻醉诱导.吸高氧浓度更快地发生肺不张,一个重要的原因是全麻期间损害肺气体交换.我们用气管插管后0.5 FiO2混合空气和100%O2的通气效果,评价损害气体交换的发展过程.方法:102名年龄1月～15岁,先天性心脏病(非紫绀型)手术病人,均100%O2麻醉前预先吸氧3min和(麻醉诱导时)面罩通气2min,接下来气管插管.这些病人随机分为两组:Ⅰ组49例0.5FIO2和空气混合通气,Ⅱ组53例100%O2通气.分别于预先吸氧前和气管插管后30min、入ICU、拔管后30min、术后前三天做动脉血气分析,做记录接着计算PaO2/FiO2比值.结果用t检验和单相方差分析.P值＜或=0.05结果相差显著.结果:PCO2值入ICU(C)时CO2交换Ⅰ组明显优于Ⅱ组,PaO2术后在入ICU(C)60%FiO2、拔管后30min(D)1.5L/min FIO2面罩吸氧两个时间点动脉血氧Ⅰ组明显高于Ⅱ组,PaO2/FiO2值在插管后30min(B)、入ICU(C)60%FiO2、拔管后30min(D)Ⅰ组明显高于Ⅱ组(P值＜0.03).结论:先天性心脏病(非紫绀型)手术患儿全麻时,0.5 FiO2混合空气通气较100%O2通气能够显著的改善肺的气体交换功能.     

Improved toxicity profile following high-dose postprostatectomy salvage radiation therapy with intensity-modulated radiation therapy

Background

With salvage radiation therapy (SRT) in the postprostatectomy setting, the need to deliver sufficient radiation doses to achieve a high probability of tumor control is balanced with the risk of increased toxicity. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the postprostatectomy salvage setting is gaining interest as a treatment strategy.

Objective

Compare acute and late toxicities in patients treated with IMRT and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) in the postprostatectomy salvage setting.

Design, setting, and participants

A total of 285 patients who were treated at our institution between 1988 and 2007 with SRT after radical prostatectomy for biochemical recurrence were identified. All medical records were reviewed and toxicity recorded. Median follow-up was 60 mo.

Intervention

All patients were treated with SRT with either 3D-CRT (n = 109) or IMRT (n = 176). A total of 205 patients (72%) were treated with doses ≥70 Gy.

Measurements

Late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicities were recorded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v. 3.0 definition.

Results and limitations

The 5-yr actuarial rates of late grade ≥2 GI and GU toxicity were 5.2% and 17.0%, respectively. IMRT was independently associated with a reduction in grade ≥2 GI toxicity compared with 3D-CRT (5-yr IMRT, 1.9%; 5-yr 3D-CRT, 10.2%; p = 0.02). IMRT was not associated with a reduction in risk of grade ≥2 GU toxicity (5-yr IMRT, 16.8%; 5-yr 3D-CRT, 15.8%; p = 0.86), urinary incontinence (5-yr IMRT, 13.6%; 5-yr 3D-CRT, 7.9%; p = 0.25), or grade 3 erectile dysfunction (5-yr IMRT, 26%; 5-yr 3D-CRT, 30%; p = 0.82). Of patients who developed late grade ≥2 GI or GU toxicity, 38% and 44%, respectively, experienced resolution of their symptoms prior to the last follow-up.

Conclusions

Our experience with high-dose IMRT in the postprostatectomy salvage setting demonstrates that the treatment can be delivered safely with an associated reduction in late GI toxicity.     

护士防治非化疗刺激性药物外渗知识的认知调查

目的了解护士对非化疗刺激性药物外渗知识的掌握情况,为护理管理者有针对性地加强临床护士药物外渗相关知识培训提供依据。方法自行设计护士防治非化疗刺激性药物外渗知识认知调查表,对临床300名护士进行调查。结果不同学历、职称及工作年限护士掌握非化疗刺激性药物外渗相关知识途径差异显著(均P<0.01);80.33%护士在工作中遇到非化疗刺激性药物外渗情况;对不典型外渗判断肯定率均低于60.00%;护士对非化疗刺激性药物外渗早期处理措施主要是立即拔针、停止输液(60.33%);对非化疗刺激性药物外渗预防措施重要性的认知率均低于55.00%。结论护士防治非化疗刺激性药物外渗知识认知情况不容乐观,应加强护士对非化疗刺激性药物外渗相关知识的学习,保证患者医疗安全。     

RASSF1A在胃癌中的表达及其甲基化状态的研究

目的：研究胃癌组织中RASSF1A基因启动子区甲基化及其蛋白表达情况,分析两者之间的关系及其在胃癌发生发展中的作用。方法：应用免疫组化SP法检测39例胃癌组织,39例相应癌旁组织及30例对照组织中RASSF1A蛋白表达,应用甲基化特异性PCR法检测上述组织RASSF1A启动子CpG岛甲基化状态。结果：1）胃癌组RASSF1A蛋白表达阳性率53.8%明显低于癌旁组97.4%及正常对照组100%（P〈0.05）;2）胃癌组织中RASSF1A基因启动子区甲基化率为64.1%,显著高于癌旁组织甲基化率7.7%及对照组0%（P〈0.05）;3）在胃癌组织中,甲基化组RASSF1A蛋白表达明显低于非甲基化组（P〈0.05）。结论：胃癌组织RASSF1A蛋白表达缺失或低下,与其启动子甲基化程度增高显著相关,RASSF1A启动子甲基化在胃癌发生、发展中起一定作用。     

Critical roles for JNK, c-Jun, and Fas/FasL-Signaling in vitamin E analog-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells

BACKGROUND: Alpha-tocopherol ether-linked acetic acid (alpha-TEA), an analog of vitamin E (RRR-alpha-tocopherol), is a potent pro-apoptotic agent for human cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: alpha-TEA-induced apoptosis was investigated in LNCaP and PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Apoptosis was measured by DAPI-staining and FACS analyses of the sub-G1 fraction. Signaling molecules involved in apoptosis were measured by Western immunoblot analyses with or without prior immunoprecipitation, FACS analyses of cell surface membrane expression, RT-PCR analyses of mRNA levels, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Functional significance was determined using siRNAs, dominant negative mutant, chemical inhibitor, or neutralizing antibody. RESULTS: Alpha-TEA treatment increased Fas and Fas ligand mRNA and protein levels; as well as, levels of cell surface membrane Fas in both cell lines. Blockage of Fas signaling attenuated alpha-TEA-induced apoptosis. alpha-TEA treatment also produced prolonged, elevated levels of activated (phosphorylated) c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and its substrate c-Jun, both of which were demonstrated to be necessary for alpha-TEA-induced apoptosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results showed binding of c-Jun to the promoters of both Fas and FasL in alpha-TEA treated cells. Investigations of alpha-TEA-triggered apoptosis showed dual signaling from Fas with essential roles for both FADD and Daxx with FADD initiating the classical pathway mediated by caspase-8 activation and Daxx initiating an alternate pathway involving activation of JNK, c-Jun, and increased levels of Fas and FasL. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, data support critical roles for JNK, c-Jun, and dual signaling from Fas/FasL via FADD and Daxx in alpha-TEA-induced apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells.     

混合式外固定架在肱骨远端粉碎骨折中的应用

[目的]探讨应用混合式外固定架治疗肱骨远端粉碎骨折的方法与疗效. [方法]采用组合式外固定架治疗肱骨远端粉碎骨折17例.肱骨远端骨折按AO分型标准,A型8例,B型5例,C型4例. [结果]16例获得随访,随访时间9～42个月.无伤口感染及皮肤坏死,仅1例发生针道局部反应,经换药后治愈.按照改良Cassebaum评分系统评定肘关节术后疗效:优9例,良5例,可2例,差0例.优良率87.5%. [结论]应用混合式外固定架治疗粉碎性或开放性肱骨远端骨折,手术创伤小,固定可靠,肘关节可早期活动,治愈率高,并发症少,疗效满意.     

乳腺钼靶X线摄片计算机辅助定位穿刺活检术

目的 探讨乳腺钼靶照片在电子计算机辅助下立体定位穿刺活检对乳腺疾病诊断的价值。方法 对79例乳腺钼靶照片发现可疑病灶的患者,采用由电子计算机辅助定位仪立体定位,用穿刺针对病灶进行准确穿刺,取得活组织送病理检查。结果 79例所取活组织全部符合组织学检查要求。79例中68例行手术治疗,手术切除标本的石腊切片诊断符合率为97．1％（66／68）。结论 X线计算机辅助定位穿刺检查技术具有定位准确,创伤小,操作简单等优点,对诊断早期乳腺癌有重要价值。     

全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良伴骨性关节炎

目的 探讨原位髋臼、股骨不截骨的全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良伴骨性关节炎的可行性.方法 1999年1月-2005年12月,收治32例35髋髋臼发育不良伴骨性关节炎患者.男6例7髋,女26例28髋;年龄28～72岁,平均53岁.按Crowe分型,Ⅰ型10例11髋,Ⅱ型14例15髋,ⅠⅡⅢ型5例6髋,Ⅳ型3例3髋.术前均存在严重髋关节疼痛和功能障碍,19例下肢短缩3～6 cm.术前Harris评分(41.19±10.13)分.采用软组织彻底松解、原位髋臼、股骨不截骨的方法行全髋关节置换术.结果 单侧全髋关节置换手术时间平均50 min,输血2～4 U.患者伤口均Ⅰ期愈合.32例均获随访12～60个月,平均24个月.无关节脱位、股骨干骨折、股神经及坐骨神经损伤等并发症发生,无假体松动的临床和X线征象.术后下肢延长2～6 cm,基本恢复双下肢平衡.术后Harrs评分(84.71±9.34)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 全髋关节置换术是治疗髋臼发育不良伴骨性关节炎的良好方法,术中彻底松解可以下肢延长4～6 cm而无神经麻痹.