青海省青藏铁路沿线鼠疫防治思考

目的通过对青藏铁路建设以来青海省境内沿线鼠疫监测资料的总结分析,科学评估这一地区鼠疫流行动态,探讨青藏铁路沿线鼠疫防治思路。方法监测点按照《青藏铁路鼠疫防治技术方案》和《青藏铁路鼠疫防控工作方案》实施监测工作,铁路沿线的国家级监测点按照《全国鼠疫监测方案》实施监测工作。汇总分析2001-2008年青藏铁路沿线青海省境内的鼠疫监测资料。结果2001-2008年监测面积达224190km^2,收集可检啮齿动物材料5822份、媒介材料2617份、动物血清4966份。分离到鼠疫菌93株,监测到阳性血清249份。结论近年来青藏铁路沿线动物间鼠疫流行活跃且呈上升趋势。青藏铁路沿线的乌兰县、天峻县是鼠疫流行较为严重的地区。怎样预防鼠疫沿青藏铁路线远距离传播,应引起相关部门的高度重视。     

Nobiletin Inhibits Hypoxia-Induced Placental Damage via Modulating P53 Signaling Pathway

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Nobiletin (NOB) on the placenta of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats that had undergone reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) surgery and to evaluate the safety of NOB intervention during pregnancy. The results showed that NOB alleviated placental hypoxia, attenuated placental cell apoptosis, and inhibited placental damage in RUPP rats. No side effect of NOB intervention during pregnancy was observed. BeWo cell lines with P53 knockdown were then constructed using lentiviral transfection, and the P53 signaling pathway was found to be essential for NOB to reduce hypoxia-induced apoptosis of the BeWo cell lines. In summary, NOB attenuated hypoxia-induced placental damage by regulating the P53 signaling pathway, and those findings may contribute some insights into the role of NOB in placental development and the prevention of placental-related diseases.     

肺叶袖状切除、支气管成形术78例围术期护理体会

目的:探讨肺叶袖状切除、支气管成形术患者围术期的护理方法。方法:对78例行肺叶袖状切除、支气管成形术患者给予精心的术前、术后护理。结果:本组患者行手术治疗后均恢复良好,治愈出院,其1年生存率61%,3年生存率37%。结论:对肺叶袖状切除、支气管成形术患者,术前做好心理护理、各种训练,术后密切观察病情、保持呼吸道通畅、加强胸腔闭式引流管护理及预防各种并发症,可提高手术成功率,减少术后并发症的发生。     

基于SPSS的生物统计数据的2D3D作图

目的结合生物统计学的软件SPSS 11.0,进行数据处理和图形结果输出,并对SPSS 11.0图表输出方式加以改进,结合MATLAB进行模拟演示,以得到更加形象并具有动态趋势的统计图。方法结合NCPP和CPP对小鼠脾脏激活作用的比较的数据,对其进行独立样本t检验,然后利用MATLAB编程进行演示。结论实现SPSS 11.0软件与MATLAB编程的相互结合,得到很形象的图形结果。     

Analysis on the difference of skin surface lipids during blue light therapy for acne by lipidomics

Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the sebaceous glands of the hair follicles, caused by a variety of factors and tends to recur, causing skin damage and psychological stress to patients. Blue light (415nm) is a popular physical therapy for acne, however, studies on the effects of blue light on skin surface lipids (SSL) have not been exhaustively reported. So, we want to investigate the difference in SSL before and after acne treatment with blue light and to reveal the potential mechanism of acne treatment with blue light from the lipid level. SSL samples were collected and physiological indicators (moisture content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum content and pH) were measured. By using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) with multivariate data analysis methods to obtain specific information on the lipid composition. Analysis of the physiological index data showed a significant increase in moisture content (p = 0.042), pH (p = 0.000) and a significant decrease in sebum content(p = 0.008) in the after treatment area (AT group), while there was no significant change in TEWL values. A total of 2398 lipids were detected by lipidomics analysis and 25 differential lipids were screened. Triradylglycerols (TGs), isoprenoids and hopanoids being the potential differential lipids. Among the lipids associated with the skin barrier, only monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (p = 0.045) were significantly increased. This study revealed significant changes in SSL after blue light treatment for acne, suggesting that blue light exposure may cause changes in the relative lipid content and redistribution of lipid components, and that whether it damages the skin barrier requires further study.     

Microstructural Evolution,Tensile Failure,Fatigue Behavior and Wear Properties of Al2O3 Reinforced Al2014 Alloy T6 Heat Treated Metal Composites

The paper focused on an experimental study on the microstructural, mechanical, and wear characteristics of 15 wt.% alumina (Al₂O₃) particulates with an average particle size of 20 µm, reinforced in Al2014 alloy matrix composite as-cast and heat-treated samples. The metal matrix composite (MMC)samples were produced via a novel two-stage stir-casting technique. The fabricated composite samples were subjected to evaluate hardness, tensile strength, fatigue behavior and wear properties for both as cast and T6 heat-treated test samples. The Al2014 alloy and Al2014-15 wt.% Al₂O₃ MMCs were in solution for 1 h at a temperature of 525 °C, quenched instantly in cold water, and then artificially aged for 10 h at a temperature of 175 °C. SEM and X-ray diffraction analyses were used to investigate the microstructure and dispersion of the reinforced Al₂O₃ particles in the composite and the base alloy Al2014. The obtained results indicated that the hardness, tensile and fatigue strength and wear resistance increased when an amount of Al₂O₃ particles was added, compared to the as-cast Al2014 alloy and it was observed that after subjecting the same composite samples to heat treatment, there was further enhancement in the mechanical and wear properties in the Al2014 matrix alloy and Al2014-15 wt.% Al₂O₃ composite samples.     

Fracture Mode Transition during Assembly of TC4 High-Lock Bolt under Tensile Load: A Combined Experimental Study and Finite Element Analysis

Fracture during the assembly process is an important failure mode for high-lock bolts used in the aviation industry, which greatly increases the potential of unpredictable accidents during service. In the current study, the underlying reasons for fracture during the assembly of a TC4 high-lock bolt was investigated using a tensile test and finite element analysis (FEA). The microstructure of the as-received bolt consisted of a high proportion of α phase, some β phase, and a small amount of α′ phase formed via martensite phase transformation during the rammer process. The experimental force–displacement curves revealed an average yield load of 55.9 kN and a breaking load of 67.65 kN. The corresponding yield strength was calculated to be 0.9 GPa, which was smaller than the standard value of TC4. This was attributed to the preload-induced stress concentration on the thread surface, leading to obvious strain hardening, which can lead to crack initiation. The effect of preload was further confirmed by the fractographies in which the initial crack was observed on the thread surface. The fractographies suggested that hybrid fracture occurred on the tensile loaded bolt. The initial failure was brittle fracture on the thread surface, transforming into ductile fracture in the screw. The results can contribute to understanding the effect of preload on the load carry capacity of high-lock bolts and provide a strategy to design its assembly specification.     

住院老年糖尿病14例跌倒原因及护理对策

跌倒是老年人常见的意外,这种意外在老年糖尿病病人中发生率更高,常引起骨折、头部损伤、腰扭伤等并发症,并直接影响老年病人的生活质量。本文对14例住院老年糖尿病病人的跌倒现象进行分析,以寻找原因及最佳的护理对策。     

Effect of the Surface Morphology of Porous Coatings on Secondary Electron Yield of Metal Surface

Surface roughening is an important material surface treatment technique, and it is particularly useful for use in secondary electron yield (SEY) suppression on metal surfaces. Porous structures produced via roughening on coatings have been confirmed to reduce SEY, but the regulation strategy and the influence of process parameters both remain unclear in the practical fabrication of effective porous structures. In this paper, the effect of the surface morphology of porous coatings on the SEY of aluminum alloy substrates was studied. Surface characterization and SEY measurements were carried out for samples with a specific process technique on their surfaces. An exponential fitting model of the correlation between surface roughness and the peak values of SEY curves, δm, was summarized. Furthermore, an implementation strategy to enable low surface SEY was achieved from the analysis of the effect of process parameters on surface morphology formation. This work will aid our understanding of the effect of the irregular surface morphology of porous coatings on SEY, thereby revealing low-cost access to the realization of an easy-to-scale process that enables low SEY.     

Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Weight Gain Restriction in Overweight/Obese Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Background: Overweight/obesity is associated with pregnancy-related disorders, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). Although multiple interventions have been proposed to prevent GDM and restrict GWG, our knowledge of their comparative efficacy is limited. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and identify the optimal intervention strategy to prevent GDM and restrict GWG among overweight/obese pregnant women. Methods: Randomized controlled trials that recruited overweight/obese pregnant women at <20 gestational week were obtained. Predictive and confidence interval plot and surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) were performed using Stata statistical software to determine and compare the efficacy of interventions (diet, physical activity (PA), diet + PA intervention and medication). Results: 23 studies with a total of 8877 participants were eligible for analysis. Our results indicated that although neither PA, diet + PA, diet nor medication intervention could significantly protect overweight/obese women from the development of GDM, there was a trend that PA and diet + PA intervention were preventive factors of GDM. Of these, PA intervention (SUCRA, 82.8%) ranked as the superior strategy, and diet intervention (SUCRA, 19.7%) was the least efficacious regimen. Furthermore, interventions of diet, PA and diet + PA were significantly beneficial for GWG restriction, whereas medication intervention could not restrict GWG. In detail, diet intervention (SUCRA, 19.7%) ranked as the optimal regimen, whilst PA intervention (SUCRA, 62.3%) ranked as the least efficacious regimen. Conclusion: Although none of the interventions could offer remarkable benefit for GDM prevention, interventions of diet, PA and diet + PA were significant factors to restrict GWG. In aggregate, diet + PA intervention seemed the superior choice for the prevention of both GDM and excessive GWG. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42022313542.