他莫昔芬对ER- GPER+乳腺癌细胞上皮间质转化的影响及机制

目的：探讨他莫昔芬（TAM）对雌激素受体（ER）阴性、G蛋白偶联雌激素受体（GPER）阳性乳腺癌细胞上皮间质转化（EMT）的影响。方法：以ER阴性（ER-）、GPER阳性（GPER+）乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞为研究对象,用TAM处理细胞,GPER特异性抑制剂G15抑制胞内GPER活性,siRNA干扰GPER蛋白表达,侵袭小室实验检测细胞侵袭能力,Western blot检测ERα、GPER、Vimentin、E-cadherin及N-cadherin蛋白表达变化。结果：TAM（5 μmol/L）可明显增强MDA-MB-468细胞的侵袭能力（P＜0.01）;G15（10 μmol/L）预处理能显著抑制TAM诱导的细胞侵袭活动（P＜0.01）;GPER-siRNA可明显干扰MDA-MB-468细胞GPER蛋白表达（P＜0.01）;干扰GPER蛋白表达能有效抑制TAM诱导的细胞侵袭活动（P＜0.01）。TAM处理明显诱导Vimentin和N-cadherin蛋白表达上调（P＜0.01）,E-cadherin蛋白表达下调（P＜0.01）;G15预处理或干扰GPER蛋白表达均能抑制TAM的上述诱导作用（均P＜0.05）。结论：TAM能诱导ER- GPER+乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞EMT,其作用与其激活GPER有关。     

超声热化疗联合根治性手术在口腔颌面部晚期鳞癌患者中的应用及护理

目的 研究超声热化疗在口腔颌面部晚期鳞癌患者中的应用效果及围术期护理。方法 以我院就诊的36例口腔颌面部晚期鳞癌患者为研究对象,将其分为对照组和实验组,每组18人。对照组只进行化疗,然后进行手术治疗。实验组采用上海熙洛有限公司生产的YUT-1超声肿瘤热疗仪热疗加化疗后实施手术方案。结果 术后一年比较治疗效果。热化疗组和化疗组的RR分别为77.8%和38.9%,热化疗组的RR明显高于化疗组（P<0.05）。结论 超声热化疗联合根治性手术共同治疗口腔颌面部的晚期鳞癌,有明显的加强和增敏效果,治疗的同时会使患者大量出汗,疲劳,甚至灼伤热疗区域的皮肤。对此,我们要加强热化疗患者的围术期护理工作,提高疗效,提高晚期癌症患者的生存质量。     

人源类器官的研究进展及在口腔医学的展望

类器官是指在体外三维培养构建的,依赖于人造细胞外基质的多细胞团,具有自我更新、自我组织能力,并维持了其来源组织的生理结构和功能。类器官作为一种新兴的研究模型,兼具细胞系和动物模型两者的优点。其构建材料简单、培养效率高、耗时短,在疾病研究模型构建、临床药敏试验和再生医学中有良好的应用前景。类器官模型主要分为三种细胞来源类型：胚胎干细胞/诱导多能干细胞、成体干细胞、肿瘤细胞。本文将重点介绍三种细胞来源类器官最新的研究进展,并展望其在口腔医学中的应用。     

电位滴定法测定尼美舒利含量能力验证结果分析

目的：设计组织尼美舒利含量测定的能力验证项目（编号NIFDC-PT093）,评价药品检测机构电位滴定法的测定能力。方法：对参加实验室的测定结果进行稳健统计分析,用Z比分数评价实验室检测能力。结果：共153家实验室反馈了结果,其中33个参加实验室（占21.6%）的结果可疑或不满意。省级以上食品药品检验机构的满意率（占92.6%）高于其他机构。结论：本次能力验证项目检测结果主要受滴定液、电极、电位滴定仪、空白试验和溶剂的影响,建议离群者可采取调整滴定液浓度、选择合适电极和滴定参数等措施以保证结果的准确。     

CTP-Ub-HBcAg原核表达载体的构建及其表达

目的构建CTP-Ub-HBcAg原核表达载体并诱导和鉴定其融合蛋白的表达。方法以质粒pcDNA3.1(-)-Ub-HBcAg中的Ub-HBcAg融合基因为模板设计引物,上游引物带有CTP基因序列,进行PCR扩增,PCR产物克隆到原核表达质粒pMAL-c2x中,菌落PCR阳性克隆测序鉴定,鉴定正确的质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)诱导表达,并进一步通过直链淀粉树脂亲和层析法纯化融合蛋白,Western blotting鉴定。结果 PCR扩增得到820 bp大小的条带,为CTP-Ub-HBcAg融合序列。该序列被克隆至表达质粒pMAL-c2x中,阳性克隆菌落测序正确,并在DE3中获得诱导表达。Western blotting鉴定为70 KD的CTP-Ub-HBcA融合蛋白。结论构建CTP-Ub-HBcAg原核表达载体并成功表达,为进一步研究该融合蛋白的功能提供了实验基础。     

Radiomics in liver diseases: Current progress and future opportunities

Liver diseases, a wide spectrum of pathologies from inflammation to neoplasm, have become an increasingly significant health problem worldwide. Noninvasive imaging plays a critical role in the clinical workflow of liver diseases, but conventional imaging assessment may provide limited information. Accurate detection, characterization and monitoring remain challenging. With progress in quantitative imaging analysis techniques, radiomics emerged as an efficient tool that shows promise to aid in personalized diagnosis and treatment decision‐making. Radiomics could reflect the heterogeneity of liver lesions via extracting high‐throughput and high‐dimensional features from multi‐modality imaging. Machine learning algorithms are then used to construct clinical target‐oriented imaging biomarkers to assist disease management. Here, we review the methodological process in liver disease radiomics studies in a stepwise fashion from data acquisition and curation, region of interest segmentation, liver‐specific feature extraction, to task‐oriented modelling. Furthermore, the applications of radiomics in liver diseases are outlined in aspects of diagnosis and staging, evaluation of liver tumour biological behaviours, and prognosis according to different disease type. Finally, we discuss the current limitations of radiomics in liver disease studies and explore its future opportunities.     

Evaluation of the associations of body height with blood pressure and early‐stage atherosclerosis in Chinese adults

Body height has been recently related to the risk of coronary heart disease and metabolic risk factors. However, data are scarce regarding the relationship between body height and early‐stage atherosclerotic changes, especially in Chinese individuals. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively examine the associations of body height with early‐stage atherosclerosis and blood pressure in Chinese adults. Carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), carotid‐radial pulse wave velocity (crPWV), carotid artery‐dorsalis pedis pulse wave velocity (cdPWV), and body height were measured in 5098 men and women. All samples were obtained from a community‐based health examination survey in central China. After adjusting for sex, age, weight, fasting glucose level, lipid level, creatinine, and heart rate, low body heights were significantly associated with higher cfPWV, crPWV, and blood pressure (all P for trend <.01), whereas no significant association was found between body height and cdPWV. In addition, we found a significant interaction between prehypertension status and body height in relation to cfPWV, after adjusting for covariates (P for interaction = .0024). The associations were stronger in participants with prehypertension than in those with normal blood pressure. Compared to the group with the tallest stature and normal blood pressure, individuals in the group with the shortest stature and prehypertension had nearly a 2.5 m/s higher cfPWV. These results indicate that short body height was associated with an increased risk of early‐stage atherosclerosis in Chinese adults, independent of traditional cardiometabolic risk factors. Prehypertension might modify the association between body height and cfPWV.     

联合IL-5可溶性受体与IL-4突变体对支气管哮喘小鼠气道高反应性及IgE、IFN-γ水平的影响

目的通过观察IL-5可溶性受体（sIL-5Ra）及IL-4突变体（IL-4mutant,IL-4MT）对哮喘小鼠气道高反应性（airwayhyperresponsiveness,AHR）及IgE、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）水平的影响,探讨其潜在的临床应用价值。方法随机将50只BALB／c雌性小鼠分成5组,分别为正常对照组、哮喘组、IL-4MT治疗组、sIL-5Ra治疗组和IL-4MT联合sIL-5Ra治疗组（简称联合治疗组）。采用腹腔注射卵蛋白（ovalbumin,OVA）与氢氧化铝混悬液对小鼠进行致敏,卵蛋白雾化,建立小鼠哮喘模型,其中正常对照组用生理盐水替代。雾化前30rain,IL-4MT治疗组、sIL-5Ra治疗组及联合治疗组分别腹腔注射IL-4MT100μg、sIL-5Ra100μg、IL-4MT和sIL～5Ra各100μg,正常对照组与哮喘组用生理盐水替代。末次激发24h后,用不同浓度的氯化乙酰胆碱激发各组小鼠,测定其肺阻力,ELISA法观察比较各组血清及BALFIgE、IFN-γ水平变化,肺组织行HE染色,观察病理变化。结果与正常对照组相比,哮喘组肺阻力显著增加（P〈0．01）;与哮喘组相比,IL-4MT组和联合治疗组肺阻力显著降低（P〈O．05）,联合治疗组下降更明显;与sIL-5Ra治疗组相比,联合治疗组肺阻力显著降低（P〈O．05）。与正常对照组相比,哮喘组血清及BALF中IgE含量显著升高,IFN-γ含量显著下降（P〈O．01）;与哮喘组相比,联合治疗组血清及BALF中IgE含量显著下降,IFN-γ含量显著升高（P〈O．01）;与单独治疗组相比,联合治疗组血清及BALF中IgE含量显著下降,IFN-γ含量显著升高（Pd0．05）。与哮喘组比,单独治疗组与联合治疗组肺组织炎症细胞渗出、浸润及对气道上皮的炎性损伤明显减轻,联合治疗组减轻更明显。结论联合应用sIL-5Ra与IL-4MT可以明显减轻哮喘小鼠AHR,降低血清及BALF中IgE含量,同时升高IFN-γ含量,减轻气道炎症。     

医学研究生科普社会实践的意义

目的研究医学研究生进行医学科普社会实践的意义。方法组织北京大学第三医院50名研究生进行社区卫生服务中心的社会实践,采用问卷调查法对社区居民和研究生分别进行问卷调查。结果通过问卷调查发现参加科普的社区居民中50岁以上人群占大部分(64.0%),接近一半人(47.0%)获取医学科普的方式为网络资源,而仅有36.0%的人对医学科普知识持信任的态度,48.0%的人持部分信任的态度,86.0%的人表示对我们此次的医学科普满意,76.0%的人表示将继续参加我们的医学科普;86.0%的同学认为自己的医患沟通能力得到了不同程度的提高,84.0%的同学认为自己对医学知识的理解得到了提高,96.0%的同学有继续参加科普实践活动的意愿。结论通过医学研究生的社区医学科普实践不仅了解了社区居民的医学科普现状,同时也让同学们在科普中提高了医患沟通能力、提高了对于医学知识的理解,这一活动应长期开展并得到推广。