多希紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效观察

目的观察和评价多希紫杉醇联合顺铂(DP方案)治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和毒性。方法将我科近几年收治的48例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组采用多希紫杉醇联合顺铂(DP方案),对照组采用长春瑞滨联合顺铂(NP方案)。2周期化疗后进行疗效、毒性对比研究。结果治疗组和对照组近期有效率分别为45.5%和37.5%,疾病进展时间(TTP)分别为6.3和5.9个月,中位生存期分别为10.1和9.0个月,1年生存率分别为45.8%和39.4%,两组间比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。治疗组在恶心呕吐、骨髓抑制等毒性反应发生率方面低于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论多希紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌与NP方案相比较,疗效相似,但毒性反应低于NP组,患者更易耐受,可广泛应用于临床。     

南通市居民健康知识水平现状及对策

为全面了解和准确掌握南通市各行各业、中小学校健康知识的知晓情况,对创建国家卫生城市健康教育工作进行效果评估。调查显示,南通市11个片区健康知识的总知晓率居民为93.42%,学生为91.08%。要真正提高全体市民的健康教育水平,下一步必须采取三大对策,即:形成“抓反复、反复抓”的常态机制;加大健康教育投入;教育部门加强全市学生的健康知识普及工作,对卫生部门列入学校卫生的指标加以考核。只有这样,南通市的健康教育工作才能跃上新台阶。     

无线通信在医疗领域的应用

本文介绍了无线通信在医院管理、病人移动观察、病例跟踪等方面的应用.     

A systematic review of resident‐as‐teacher programmes

Context Residents in all disciplines serve as clinical teachers for medical students. Since the 1970s, there has been increasing evidence to demonstrate that residents wish to teach and that they respond positively to formal teacher training. Effective resident‐as‐teacher (RaT) programmes have resulted in improved resident teaching skills. Current evidence, however, is not clear about the specific features of an effective RaT programme. Objectives This study was performed in order to investigate the effectiveness of RaT programmes on resident teaching abilities and to identify the features that ensure success. Methods of assessment used to ascertain the effectiveness of RaT programmes are also explored. Methods The literature search covered the period between 1971 and 2008. Articles focusing on improving resident teaching skills were included. Each study was reviewed by two reviewers and data were collected using a standard abstraction summary sheet. Study outcomes were graded according to a modified Kirkpatrick's model of educational outcomes. Results Twenty‐nine studies met review inclusion criteria. Interventions included workshops, seminars, lectures and teaching retreats. Twenty‐six studies used a pre‐ and post‐intervention outcome comparison method. Subjective outcome measures included resident self‐evaluation of teaching skills or evaluation by medical students, peers and faculty members. Objective outcome measures included written tests, evaluation of teaching performance by independent raters and utilisation of objective structured teaching examinations. One study objectively measured learning outcomes at the level of medical students, utilising the results of an objective structured clinical examination. Overall resident satisfaction with RaT programmes was high. Participants reported positive changes in attitudes towards teaching. Participant knowledge of educational principles improved. Study methodologies allowed for significant risks of bias. Conclusions More rigorous study designs and the use of objective outcome measures are needed to ascertain the true effectiveness of RaT programmes. Future research should focus on determining the impact of RaT programmes on learning achievement at the level of medical students.     

Second-trimester sex hormone-binding globulin and subsequent development of pre-eclampsia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether maternal plasma sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations are reduced in women who subsequently develop pre-eclampsia. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out at antenatal clinics in seven hospitals in and around London. Healthy women underwent uterine artery Doppler velocimetry as a screening method for pre-eclampsia at 22-24 weeks of gestation. The first group (408 women) had normal uterine artery Doppler waveforms (mean uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) below 1.6). The second group (274 women) had increased impedance to flow in the uterine arteries (mean PI above the 95th centile, 1.6). Maternal plasma SHBG concentrations were measured retrospectively using a competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay. Pre-eclampsia was as defined by the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy. RESULTS: Plasma SHBG concentrations in the 80 (11.7%) women who subsequently developed pre-eclampsia were significantly lower than in the 585 (85.8%) women with normal pregnancy outcomes (median 336, range 142-674 nmol/l vs. median 336, range 142-674 nmol/l, p = 0.001). There was a strong correlation between SHBG concentrations and body mass index (r =-0.232246, p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in maternal plasma SHBG concentrations in women with abnormal uterine artery Doppler (n = 274) compared with controls (n = 408) (median 324, range 101-635 nmol/l vs. median 336, range 142-674 nmol/l, p = 0.09). CONCLUSION: Maternal plasma SHBG concentrations are reduced in women who subsequently develop pre-eclampsia.     

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of cerebral infarction in tuberculous meningitis: a comparative study.

Cerebral infarction as a complication of tubercular (TB) meningitis is not uncommon, but an adequate comparison of patients with and without stroke has not been carried out. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of cerebral infarction secondary to TB meningitis, and to investigate predictive factors for cerebral infarction in patients with TB meningitis. Patients with TB meningitis were recruited over a period of 56 months. They were divided into two groups, those with and those without stroke. Demographic features and clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiological findings were compared between the two groups. We classified strokes into subtypes using neuroimaging findings. Of the 38 patients who were diagnosed with TB meningitis, eight also experienced cerebral infarction. The percentage of cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes that were neutrophils was significantly higher in patients with stroke (68%) than in patients without stroke (31%; p=0.0001). Upon initial CT imaging, meningeal enhancement was found in 11 patients, and of these patients, six experienced stroke. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to other clinical and laboratory features, including demographic features, time between meningitis onset and treatment initiation, peripheral white blood cell count, and cerebrospinal fluid findings. Five of the eight patients who developed stroke had lacunar infarcts. One of the three patients with territorial nonlacunar infarction died due to herniation. When treating patients with TB meningitis, the possibility of cerebral infarction should be considered when patients develop focal neurological signs, meningeal enhancement on a CT scan, and sustained polymorphic cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis.     

肝癌患者血清12种肿瘤标志物的变化

目的探讨定量测定肝癌患者血清12种肿瘤标志物的临床意义。方法用蛋白芯片技术定量测定42例正常人、46例肝癌、41例肝炎和23例肝硬化患者血清12种肿瘤标志物的变化并对检测效果进行评价。结果42例正常人CA-199(KU/L)、NSE(g/L)、CEA(g/L)、CA-242(KU/L)、Ferritin(g/L)、β-HCG(g/L)、AFP(g/L)、f-PSA(g/L)、PSA(g/L)、CA-125(KU/L)、HGH(g/L)和CA-153(KU/L)的含量分别为12.42±10.62、2.22±1.43、1.28±1.20、5.72±5.73、91.17±79.43、0.64±0.34、2.96±3.93、0.13±0.11、0.61±1.40、5.46±9.65、1.61±2.40、9.83±9.51;46例肝癌患者血清12种肿瘤标志物含量依次为:35.09±39.50、2.83±4.13、2.98±8.72、8.47±23.42、157.50±129.77、0.72±0.72、87.58±63.27、0.15±0.19、0.58±1.88、56.34±102.02、3.63±4.57、15.65±51.09;41例肝炎患者其含量依次为:76.23±96.57、4.12±4.94、2.06±3.92、4.68±6.99、298.76±326.82、1.00±0.74、63.16±91.76、0.11±0.006、0.27±0.94、18.57±36.60、3.63±4.00、6.13±6.86;23例肝硬化患者其含量依次为:49.85±75.60、5.47±14.97、1.71±1.77、12.44±34.55、278.32±326.82、0.70±0.54、52.89±98.28、0.22±0.21、2.24±4.36、111.50±191.99、2.15±0.99、10.51±15.79。该蛋白芯片测定的敏感性为50.0%,特异性为64.2%,阳性预测值为37.7%,阴性预测值为74.7%。结论采用蛋白芯片技术同时测定患者血清多种肿瘤标志物,对普查肿瘤和临床疗效观察有较好应用价值。