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81.
Sanaz Jamshidi Yousef Moradi Ghazaleh Nameni Mohammad Ali Mohsenpour Mohammadreza Vafa 《Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews》2021,15(2):605-613
Background and aimsPresent meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted to synthesis a definitive conclusion from previous randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs).MethodsA comprehensive search was done up to July 2020, in order to extract RCTs which investigated the effect of cashew nut on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate effect size. Meta regression analysis was done to identify probable sources of heterogeneity.ResultsSix clinical trials with 521 participants were included. Combined effect sizes demonstrated no effect of cashew consumption on weight (WMD): 0.02, 95% CI: ?1.04, 1.09, P > 0.05), BMI (WMD: 0.1, 95% CI: ?0.72, 0.74, P > 0.05), and WC (WMD: ?0.13, 95% CI: ?1.97, 1.70, P > 0.05). Results were also not significant for FBS (WMD: 3.58, 95% CI: ?3.92, 11.08, P > 0.05), insulin (WMD: ?0.19, 95% CI: ?1.63, 1.25, P > 0.05), and HOMA-IR (WMD: 0.25, 95% CI: ?0.55, 1.06, P > 0.05).ConclusionThe sum up, incorporating cashew into the diet has no significant effect on body composition or modifying glycemic indices. 相似文献
82.
Fukuda G Khan ZA Barbin YP Farhangkhoee H Tilton RG Chakrabarti S 《Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews》2005,21(4):367-375
BACKGROUND: Smooth muscle cells proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition are key features of diabetic macroangiopathy. In the present study, we have studied the role of endothelin(A) (ET(A)) receptor, the predominant receptor on smooth muscle cells, in diabetes-induced vascular hypertrophy and remodeling. METHODS: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were administrated a selective ET(A) receptor antagonist, TBC3214, for 26 weeks. Following treatment, aortas were harvested and subjected to gene expression and morphometric analyses. We quantified fibronectin (FN) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression as indicators of increased ECM protein synthesis. ET-1, ET-3, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and angiotensinogen mRNA levels were measured to elucidate genes involved in FN expression. We have investigated an embryonic splice variant of FN, oncofetal FN, and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain (SMemb) as vascular remodeling indicators. RESULTS: Our results show that diabetes leads to upregulation of FN, PAI-1, ET-1, ET-3, TGF-beta1 and angiotensinogen mRNA levels in association with increased medial thickness. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed concurrent protein level changes. Diabetes also upregulated oncofetal FN and SMemb mRNA levels. Treatment with TBC3214 attenuated the mRNA levels of several genes and prevented increased medial thickness. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that diabetes-induced vascular hypertrophy and remodeling is associated with reexpression of embryonic forms of FN and myosin heavy chain. Such changes are ET-dependent and may be mediated via TGF-beta1 and angiotensin. 相似文献
83.
Pleural Lavage: A Novel Diagnostic Approach For Diagnosing Exudative Pleural Effusion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mohamed KH Mobasher AA Yousef AI Salah A Ramadan MA Emam AK Alhayawan HM Light RW 《Lung》2000,178(6):371-379
Patients with pleural effusions frequently present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The diagnosis is based on the
interpretation of the results of thoracentesis or pleural biopsy. When a malignant tumor metastasizes to the pleura, tumor
cells can be seeded over the mesothelial surface or in the subserous layer. In the former situation, tumor cells are abundant
in pleural fluid, but in the latter, few malignant cells are exfoliated into the pleural cavity, and microscopic deposits
may not be visualized at thoracoscopy. Pleural lavage cytologic study at the time of thoracoscopy has not been studied. The
purpose of this study was to assess the value of thoracoscopic pleural lavage as an adjuvant in the diagnostic workup of patients
with exudative pleural effusions. Fifty patients with exudative pleural effusions were investigated by pleural fluid cytologic
findings, Abram's pleural biopsy, thoracoscopy, and pleural lavage cytologic findings. After aspiration of all pleural fluid,
300 mL saline was instilled into the pleural cavity and then recovered for cytologic analysis. The final diagnoses were 32
malignant (64%), 15 tuberculous (30%), and 3 idiopathic (6%) effusions. In the malignant group, thoracoscopic biopsy had the
highest yield (94%) followed by lavage cytologic analysis (84%), fluid cytologic analysis (62%), and biopsy with Abram's needle
(50%). The sensitivity of combined thoracoscopy and lavage cytologic analysis was 96%. In the patients with tuberculous pleuritis,
the yield from the pathologic examination of the biopsy specimen was 93% with thoracoscopy and 60% with the Abrams needle.
The diagnostic yield with cytologic analysis on pleural lavage fluid is significantly higher than that on pleural fluid. This
is probably because the cells in the lavage fluid are fresher and better preserved than those in the regular pleural fluid,
which may have undergone degenerative changes, yielding false-negative results. Pleural lavage cytologic analysis should be
performed in patients with suspected malignant pleural effusion who are subjected to diagnostic thoracoscopy, because it may
provide additional information to thoracoscopic biopsy.
Accepted for publication: 21 November 2000 相似文献
84.
The effect of sulfation of common bile acids on the formation of bile was investigated in male rats by infusing them with the sulfate esters of cholic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, lithocholic or dehydrocholic acid in four step-wise, increasing doses. Each dose was infused for 30 min and bile collected every 10 min. Control studies were performed by using either albumin solution (the bile acid carrier) or corresponding nonsulfated bile acids at concentrations similar to those of the sulfated products. The secretion of sulfated bile acids was slower and less than that of nonsulfated bile acids, demonstrating transport maximum kinetics rather than the secretory rate maximum characteristic of nonsulfated bile acids. Sulfation significantly increased bile salt-independent bile flow and the choleretic potency of the bile acids tested. With the exception of deoxycholic acid, which had a slight stimulatory effect, bile acid sulfation generally prevented a rise in bile acid-dependent phospholipid and cholesterol secretion. In fact, it reduced biliary phospholipid and cholesterol secretion associated with the secretion of endogenous bile acids. These data are in agreement with the physicochemical properties of sulfated bile acids. They indicate that sulfation prevents the cholestatic action of nonsulfated bile acids, perhaps by increasing bile flow via a high choleretic potential and/or by stimulating bile acid-independent bile flow. The effect of sulfated bile acids on the secretion of biliary phospholipids may protect the canalicular membrane from the detergent properties of bile acids and may thus block the cholestasis which results from high, nonsulfated bile acid concentrations. 相似文献
85.
Yousef Jaradat Morten Birkeland Nielsen Petter Kristensen Khaldoun Nijem Espen Bjertness Rita Bast-Pettersen 《Lancet》2018
Background
Nurses who are exposed to workplace aggression from patients, patient relatives, or colleagues are at risk for mental health disorders and job dissatisfaction. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of exposure to workplace aggression and the association between mental distress and job satisfaction in nurses working in the Hebron district of the occupied Palestinian territory.Methods
In this cross-sectional study, nurses were recruited to answer a questionnaire covering sociodemography and workplace aggression (WHO questionnaire), including exposure to physical and verbal aggression and bullying. We assessed mental distress with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) and job satisfaction with the Generic Job Satisfaction scale. Associations between workplace aggression and mental distress and satisfaction were estimated from χ2 tests and linear regression analyses using Stata/IC10. The study was approved by the ministry of health. Written informed consent was provided by all participants.Findings
In 2012, we recruited 372 registered nurses from the Hebron governorate. 28 (8%) nurses were excluded, and the final sample (n=344) included 213 (62%) women and 131 (38%) men. The prevalence of aggression of any kind was 27%. 17 (5%) nurses had been exposed to physical aggression, 83 (24%) had been exposed to verbal aggression, and 25 (7%) had been exposed to bullying. Men reported a higher prevalence of bullying than women (12% of men vs 5% of women). The prevalence of exposure to physical aggression, verbal aggression, and bullying was highest in young nurses. After adjusting for covariates, nurses exposed to verbal aggression reported 2·9 units (95% CI 0·02 to 5·6; p=0·04) more mental distress than non-exposed nurses. Bullying was associated with a 2·6 unit (95% CI ?5·1 to ?0·14) reduction in job satisfaction score.Interpretation
Nearly a third of nurses in this study reported exposure to some sort of aggression. Nurses exposed to verbal aggression reported more distress than nurses who had never been exposed to verbal aggression. Bullying was associated with reduced job satisfaction. Because the study had a cross-sectional design and both exposure and outcomes were measured using self-report, the results should be interpreted with caution.Funding
The Norwegian Programme for Development, Research and Education (NUFU pro x1 50/2002 and NUFUSM-2008/10232) and The National Norwegian State Education Loan Funds. 相似文献86.
To resolve the apparent conflict between a lubricating glycoprotein,
'lubricin', as the active ingredient in synovial fluid (SF) and surface-
active phospholipid (SAPL) present in SF (and adsorbed to articular
cartilage) as the boundary lubricant reducing friction to such low
physiological levels, lubricin was isolated from bovine SF following the
original procedure of Swann et al. (Arthritis Rheum 1981;24:22-30).
Analysis of the lipid extract by thin-layer chromatography and phosphorus
determination demonstrated a phospholipid component of 11.1 +/- 1.7% (N =
5) which corresponds very closely to the 9.2-13.0% of lubricin which had
hitherto remained unidentified and which has previously been shown to be
transferable to the articular surface to impart lubrication. These results
would appear to resolve any theoretical conflict in that lubricin is,
indeed, an active ingredient within SF. Yet, as a large water-soluble
molecule, it really functions as a carrier for the highly insoluble SAPL
which it deposits on the articular surface as the oligolamellar layer
visualized in previous studies. However, it is this deposited SAPL, rather
than lubricin, which actually lubricates.
相似文献
87.
目的分析影响大学生饮酒模式的因素,针对饮酒教育及酒精政策提出建议。方法采用整群抽样方法,选择来自北京和郑州的530名大学生完成有效问卷调查。采用 Epidata 录入数据,SAS 12.0和 R 2.7.2进行数据描述和分析。结果74.5%的大学生在过去1年内饮过酒,啤酒是饮酒者的主要选择(85.9%),餐馆和家里是饮酒比较频繁的场所,饮用酒多来自同学/朋友及家庭成员提供,25.3%饮酒者并无特别原因饮酒,各有约1/5的饮酒者是出于社交目的或喜欢饮酒的感觉。认为“饮酒有助于社交暠或“饮酒促进交流暠者、父母及同学/朋友饮酒者、来自农村地区或小城镇者及吸烟者更容易发生饮酒行为(均 P 〈0.05),男生大学生、规律饮酒者更容易遭遇强迫劝酒场面、更易发生醉酒(均 P 〈0.05)。超过一半饮酒者出现酒后脸红、肌肉软弱无力等生理反应,饮酒对被调查大学生产生的社会心理影响依次是记忆丧失(23.9%)、宿醉(14.6%)、做了后悔的事(低于10%)等。结论目前大学生仍保持着一种低风险饮酒模式。大学生饮酒教育应提供关于饮酒利弊的科学信息,使其对饮酒保持一种现实的期望。应制定针对性酒精政策和教育鼓励和支持低风险且满足社交功能的饮酒模式,控制高风险饮酒模式。 相似文献
88.
89.
90.
Objective:To compare changes in pharyngeal airway volume and minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) between patients undergoing rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and a matched control group and to identify markers for predicting airway changes using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and Methods:Pre- and posttreatment CBCT scans were selected of children who had RME (14 girls and 12 boys; mean age, 12.4 years) along with scans of a control group (matched for chronological age, skeletal age, gender, mandibular inclination) who underwent orthodontic treatment for minor malocclusions without RME. Changes in airway volume and MCA were evaluated using a standardized, previously validated method and analyzed by a mixed-effects linear regression model.Results:Upper airway volume and MCA increased significantly over time for both the RME and matched control groups (P < .01 and P = .05, respectively). Although the RME group showed a greater increase when compared with the matched controls, this difference was not statistically significant. A reduced skeletal age before treatment was a significant marker for a positive effect on the upper airway volume and MCA changes (P < .01).Conclusions:Tooth-borne RME is not associated with a significant change in upper airway volume or MCA in children when compared with controls. The younger the skeletal age before treatment, the more positive the effect on the upper airway changes. The results may prove valuable, especially in RME of young children. 相似文献