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81.
Background: This study explored eating habits, nutrient intake, and blood vitamin and mineral levels to determine whether
severely obese subjects (BMI 40-50 kg m−2) post-vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) or gastric bypass Roux-en-Y (GBR) are at risk of developing compounded under-nutrition.
Methods: A dietary follow-up of 36 VBG and 19 GBR was maintained for 18 months via 7-day food intake diaries and 24-h recalls.
Food intake was analysed for energy and nutrient composition and for its relative amount to recommended dietary allowances
(RDA). Results: Weight loss was greatest during the first 6 months, continued at a slower rate for the next 6 months, nearly
ceasing thereafter. The results following GBR were not substantially different from those following VBG 18 months postoperatively.
The median weight loss at 1 year postoperatively was 48, 46, 48 and 36 kg; expressed as residual excess body weight: 0.2,
16, 13 and 22% for GBR Men, Women, VBG Men, Women, respectively. According to the classification proposed by Reinhold, all
subjects achieved excellent treatment outcomes 18 months postoperatively. Despite the relatively low reported energy intake
(20-50% below RDA), no correlation was found between rate of weight loss and energy intake at 6 months postoperatively. The
intake of most vitamins and minerals was below 50% of RDA during the 18 months follow-up. The increase in energy intake did
not improve the level of the nonenergy-contributing nutrients. Compliance to multivitamin and mineral supplement intake deteriorated
with time. Conclusion: The low to within-normal range of blood vitamin and mineral levels 12 months postoperatively suggests
the slow development of subclinical nutritional deficiency which could jeopardize the subjects' long-term health status. 相似文献
82.
John P. Sciacca PhD MPH CHES David A. Dube MPH RD Brenda L. Phipps BS CLE Michael I. Ratliff PhD 《Journal of community health》1995,20(6):473-490
This study was undertaken to determine the effects of a partner-support, incentive-baed educational program on breast feeding knowledge, attitudes and support and to examine the relationship between feeding intentions and feeding behavior among low-income women. Women who expressed a willingness to participate in the intervention were randomly assigned to intervention and usual breast feeding (control) groups. Sixty-eight primipara women, with expected due dates between May and December, 1992, volunteered to participate in the study. Of these, 34 were randomly assigned to each of the two groups. Approximately 81 percent of the women completed the study, leaving n=29 in the control group and n-26 in the intervention group. The intervention consisted of special incentives (prizes) for women and their partners to participate in several breast feeding education and promotion activities. Intervention group women and their partners experienced positive changes in breast feeding knowledge and attitudes. Furthermore, the intervention seemed to have influenced more women in the treatment group to breast feed despite their prenatal feeding intentions. In addition, the partners of intervention group women were perceived to be more supportive of, breast feeding than control group partners. These findings suggest that incentives, such as donated prizes, can be used to attract lower socioeconomic group women and their partners to breast feeding promotion interventions. Participation in such interventions can produce positive changes in breast feeding knowledge, attitudes, and support, and can have a dramatic effect in promoting breast feeding.This study was supported through contract no. 59-3198-1-050 from the Food and Nutrition Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 相似文献
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86.
SOO-KYUNG LEE PhD RD JEFFEREY SOBAL PhD MPH EDWARD A FRONGILLO Jr PhD 《Journal of the American Dietetic Association》1999,99(9):1084-1089
OBJECTIVE: Examine variation in dietary practices and nutritional intakes of Korean Americans at different acculturation levels. DESIGN: Cross-sectional mail survey. SUBJECTS/SETTING: US national sample of 348 Korean Americans (46% of the Korean American sample to whom questionnaires were delivered). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED: Analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, Spearman rank correlation, chi 2 test, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Korean Americans who were more acculturated consumed more American food and less Korean food. American foods such as oranges, low-fat milk, bagels, tomatoes, and bread were consumed regularly by Korean Americans; Korean foods such as rice, kimchi, garlic, green onions, and Korean soup were also consumed regularly. American foods were adopted the most at breakfast and the least at dinner. Bicultural people regularly incorporated more different types of foods into their diet. Despite significant differences in dietary practices, dietary quality did not vary by acculturation status. APPLICATION/CONCLUSIONS: Acculturation was influential in the dietary patterns of Korean Americans. Specific information about Korean diet related to acculturation status can be used by dietitians who work with Korean Americans. Dietitians can benefit from gathering and applying specific information about Korean diets and diets of other ethnic groups; they also need to recognize the changing nature of dietary patterns as acculturation occurs. 相似文献
87.
Without appropriate commitment dedication from all sectors of government the significance of health objectives set forth in Healthy People will continue to be diluted more importantly the health of this nation will not improve.Ann Coulston MS RD FADA as part of ADA'S official comments to the US 《Journal of the American Dietetic Association》1999,99(4):420
88.
JEAN-XAVIER GUINARD PhD MS PAMELA J. SECHEVICH MS KATE MEAKER PhD SATYA S. JONNALAGADDA PhD PENNY KRIS-ETHERTON PhD MS RD 《Journal of the American Dietetic Association》1999,99(6):690
Objective To examine the effects of manipulating dietary fat in foods on sensitivity and hedonic response to fat in selected foods.Design Twenty subjects were randomly assigned to a sequence of three 8-week experimental diets (average American diet, step 1 diet, low-saturated-fat diet) that varied in energy from fat (37%, 30%, and 26%, respectively) and saturated fat (17%, 10%, and 6%, respectively). Subjects participated in sensory tests designed to assess their sensitivity to and liking for fat in several foods, before the study (baseline), after consumption of each diet, and after the study (washout).Subjects/setting Subjects were participants in the Dietary Effects on Lipoprotein and Thrombogenic Activity (DELTA) study.Results No significant differences were found among diets for difference thresholds (ie, just noticeable differences) for fat in milk and pudding, ad libitum mixing of low- and high-fat samples of milk and soup, and hedonic scaling of fat concentrations in milk and muffins and of cheese, mayonnaise, hot dog, and pastry samples.Applications/conclusions Within the dietary fat ranges and for the fat stimuli tested in this study, dietary fat as percentage of energy from fat and saturated fat was not a significant determinant of sensitivity to and/or liking for fat. Sensory factors should not be a barrier to the implementation of low-fat diets such as the step 1 and low-saturated-fat diets. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999;99:690–696. 相似文献
89.
Alan Balsam PhD RD Nicole Grant MS Beatrice L. Rogers PhD 《Journal of community health》1996,21(1):37-49
The nutritional status of persons with HIV and AIDS [PWAs] is constantly challenged throughout the progression of the illness. Home-delivered meals programs for PWAs are rapidly developing across the country to address this problem among the growing population of people with HIV infection and AIDS. This study examined client socio-demographic characteristics (sex, age, ethnicity), types of services offered by these programs, organizational and financial criteria, and characteristics of survey respondents.Data for this study was obtained from 15 of the 17 known home-delivered meals programs for PWAs in the United States through an original, cross-sectional survey instrument conducted by telephone interview between March 1994 and May 1994.Results from this study show an increase in the number of minority populations who participate in these programs (36% African-American and 12% Hispanic vs. 51% Caucasian), as well as women (17.2%) and children (7%). Geographic location was an important determinant for program eligibility. The number of meals served weekly varied greatly (from 510 to 12,600 per week). Other significant services included nutrition counselling, newsletters, and holiday-basket programs. Enhancing service-delivery systems was one of the more prevalent high-priority concerns cited, especially with regard to food quality and safety.These results show that these programs are catering increasingly to minority populations, women and children, and that they are expanding their services to meet the growing needs of their client populations. These findings suggest that there is a greater need for meals and other home-based services for persons living with HIV and AIDS.This research was supported by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health.He formerly was Director of Elder Health at the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA; he is a founder and serves on the Board of Directors of Community Servings 相似文献
90.
FJ O'Callaghan AC Clarke H Joffe B Keeton R Martin A Salmon RD Thomas JP Osborne 《Archives of disease in childhood》1998,78(2):159-162
This report highlights the association between tuberous sclerosis and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Ten patients with concurrent diagnoses of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and tuberous sclerosis were identified. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome presented early in life, nine cases being diagnosed in the first year. Eight of the 10 cases were male. In eight cases, the syndrome was associated with supraventricular tachycardias, and in nine with cardiac rhabdomyomata. One child died from cardiac failure secondary to obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract by a rhabdomyoma. Five of nine survivors showed resolution of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome on follow up. The accessory pathway was localised in nine patients from surface electrocardiograms: six children had left sided pathways and three had right sided pathways. 相似文献