Clinicopathologic Analysis of Pituitary Adenoma: A Single Institute Experience

Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common benign neuroendocrine tumor; however, the incidence and proportion of hormone-producing PAs in Korean patients remain unknown. Authors analyzed 506 surgically resected and pathologically proven pituitary lesions of the Seoul National University Hospital from 2006 to 2011. The lesions were categorized as: PAs (n = 422, 83.4%), Rathke''s cleft cysts (RCCs) (n = 54, 10.6%), inflammatory lesions (n = 8, 1.6%), meningiomas (n = 4), craniopharyngiomas (n = 4), granular cell tumors (n = 1), metastatic renal cell carcinomas (n = 2), germinomas (n = 1), ependymomas (n = 1), and unsatisfactory specimens (n = 9, 1.8%). PAs were slightly more prevalent in women (M: F = 1:1.17) with a mean age of 48.8 yr (9-80 yr). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that prolactin-producing PAs (16.6%) and growth hormone-producing adenomas (9.2%) were the most common functional PAs. Plurihormonal PAs and nonfunctioning (null cell) adenomas were found in 14.9% and 42.4% of patients with PAs, respectively. The recurrence rate of PAs was 11.1%, but nearly 0% for the remaining benign lesions such as RCCs. 25.4% of patients with PAs were treated by gamma-knife after surgery due to residual tumors or regrowth of residual tumor. In conclusion, the pituitary lesions and the proportions of hormone-producing PAs in Korean patients are similar to those of previous reports except nonfunctioning (null cell) PAs, which are unusually frequent.

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The Extended Rapid Response System: 1-Year Experience in a University Hospital

The rapid response system (RRS) is an innovative system designed for in-hospital, at-risk patients but underutilization of the RRS generally results in unexpected cardiopulmonary arrests. We implemented an extended RRS (E-RRS) that was triggered by actively screening at-risk patients prior to calls from primary medical attendants. These patients were identified from laboratory data, emergency consults, and step-down units. A four-member rapid response team was assembled that included an ICU staff, and the team visited the patients more than twice per day for evaluation, triage, and treatment of the patients with evidence of acute physiological decline. The goal was to provide this treatment before the team received a call from the patient''s primary physician. We sought to describe the effectiveness of the E-RRS at preventing sudden and unexpected arrests and in-hospital mortality. Over the 1-yr intervention period, 2,722 patients were screened by the E-RRS program from 28,661 admissions. There were a total of 1,996 E-RRS activations of simple consultations for invasive procedures. After E-RRS implementation, the mean hospital code rate decreased by 31.1% and the mean in-hospital mortality rate was reduced by 15.3%. In conclusion, the implementation of E-RRS is associated with a reduction in the in-hospital code and mortality rates.

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Comparative effectiveness of statins in secondary prevention among the older people aged 75 years and over

International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy - Background While there is clear evidence for the benefit of statins in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, there is a...     

Sleep duration and health-related quality of life in Korean adults: 2007-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Sleep and Breathing - To evaluate the association of sleep duration with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and examine the influence of age, sex, and common comorbidities on this association....     

Medial muscular band of the orbicularis oculi muscle

Despite the importance of anatomic variations in the muscular bands around the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOc), little is known about them. The morphology and variations therein of the medial muscular band of the OOc were thus examined in the current study. Sixty-one hemifaces of Korean cadavers were dissected to enable examination of the anatomic organization of the muscles around the OOc. A medial muscular band of the OOc was observed in 40 cases (65.6%). Three patterns of attachment were found. In type A (14 cases, 23%), it attached to the frontal belly without being attached to the medial canthal tendon; in type B (14 cases, 23%), it originated from the medial canthal tendon at the lower portion of the OOc and inserted into the cheek skin, and in type C (12 cases, 19.7%), it was also observed to insert into the cheek skin and attach to the frontal belly without being attached to the medial canthal tendon. The distance between the inferior edge of the OOc and the subnasale was 16.3 (SD, 4.3) mm and 14.5 (SD, 4.4) mm in cases with and without a medial muscular band, respectively. A space was observed on the inferolateral side of the OOc in about 67.2% of cases. These findings regarding the medial muscular band of the OOc increase further the anatomic variations associated with this region. In addition, it appears that this medial muscular band of the OOc can help to prevent drooping of the OOc.