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21.
M. Higashima Hiroya Kinoshita Nariyoshi Yamaguchi Yoshifumi Koshino 《Psychopharmacology》1997,131(4):394-398
It has been reported that the clinical and electroencephalographic profiles of zolpidem, a non-benzodiazepine drug which
binds preferentially to the ω1 benzodiazepine recognition sites located within the GABAA receptor complex, are different from those of benzodiazepine drugs, which bind non-selectively to the ω1 and ω2 sites. In order to clarify the electrophysiological mechanism underlying the unique profile of zolpidem, the present study
compared the enhancing effects of zolpidem and two benzodiazepine drugs, triazolam and diazepam, on recurrent inhibition.
This inhibition was expressed as suppression of the orthodromically induced population spikes by the preceding antidromic
stimulation of the alveus in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. The rank order of potency for enhancing recurrent inhibition
was triazolam > diazepam > zolpidem. From the present results and previously reported findings that zolpidem has a lower affinity
for the ω2 sites than diazepam while both have the same affinity for the ω1 sites, we concluded that the hippocampal recurrent inhibition appears to be enhanced mainly by activation of the ω2 sites, but not by that of the ω1 sites. Furthermore, the lower potency of zolpidem for enhancing recurrent inhibition may underlie its unique profile in terms
of its clinical and electroencephalographic effects.
Received: 1 November 1996/Final version: 22 January 1997 相似文献
22.
23.
Koichi Akamatsu Soichiro Miyauchi Kenji Ohshima Shunji Okita Yoshifumi Yasuhara Hiroshi Mogami Yasuyuki Ohta Ken Hamamoto 《Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology》1989,23(Z1):S59-S64
Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with the concurrent use of caerulein was assessed for the purpose of preventing gallbladder complications often seen after TAE of hepatic carcinoma. Ninety-six cases with primary hepatic carcinoma, who had undergone TAE in the right hepatic arterial region over the past 4 years, were divided into three groups: 22 cases for which embolization was possible on a selective basis by passing the catheter to the peripheral side beyond the bifurcated region of the cystic artery; 40 cases who had undergone TAE in which caerulein was not administered, from the central side of the bifurcated region of the cystic artery; and 34 cases given 20 g caerulein 15–30 min before TAE. A comparison was made using the abdominal pain, pyrexia, rate of leukocytosis and the US findings of the gallbladder as the indices of the gallbladder complications. As a result, it become evident that it was possible to prevent or alleviate gallbladder complications if caerulein were administered before TAE in cases where the embolizing substances were infused in the right hepatic artery from the central side of the bifurcated region of the cystic artery. It was conclusively shown that the gallbladder blood flow decreases if the organ is contracted by caerulein, which in turn causes a decrease in the inflow of the embolizing substances whereby complications are alleviated. 相似文献
24.
Bruch's membrane exists between the retinal pigment epithelium and the choriocapillary endothelium. Its structure is very complicated, having five sublayers containing basement membranes of retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillary endothelium, outer and inner collagenous layers, and a central elastic layer. In the development of Bruch's membrane in normal mice, both basement membranes are created first. Secondarily, collagen fibers are accumulated in the space between these basement membranes and then form a collagenous layer. Finally, the elastic layer elaborated in the collagenous layer separates this into outer and inner collagenous layers. Brachymorphic mice have a disorder in the sulfation pathway, resulting in undersulfation. Consequently, in Bruch's membrane of brachymorphic mice, the expression of decorin, a small proteoglycan containing chondroitin sulfate and an indispensable component in collagen assembly, is at a very low level. It is clear that hypoplasia of the collagenous layer in Bruch's membrane of brachymorphic mice induces a disorder in the following formation of the elastic layer. These findings suggest that the formation of the collagenous layer, regulated with acidic glycoconjugates such as decorin, is important in the development of Bruch's membrane. 相似文献
25.
26.
Tetsushi Furukawa Tei-ichi Yamane Tomoko Terai Yoshifumi Katayama Masayasu Hiraoka 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1996,431(4):504-512
The role of the cytoskeleton in the rundown and reactivation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensitive K+ channels (KATP channels) was examined by perturbing selectively the intracellular surface of inside-out membrane patches excised from guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Actin filament-depolymerizing agents (cytochalasins and desoxyribonuclease I) accelerated channel rundown, while actin filament stabilizer (phalloidin) or phosphatidylinositol biphosphate (PIP2; inhibitor of F-actin-severing proteins) inhibited spontaneous and/or Ca2+-induced rundown. When rundown was induced by cytochalasin D or by long exposure to high Ca2+, channel activity could not be restored by exposure to MgATP, but application of F-actin with MgATP could reinstitute channel activity. The processes of rundown and reactivation of cardiac KATP channels may thus be influenced by the assembly and disassembly of the actin cytoskeletal network, which provides a novel regulatory mechanism of this channel. 相似文献
27.
Kazuo Tamura Yoshihiro Yamamoto Yoshifumi Saeki Jun-ichi Furuyama Joji Utsunomiya 《Human mutation》1993,2(6):478-484
Germline mutations in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene. PCR products from heterozygous patients for deletions of this gene formed four distinct bands on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The four fragments were subsequently purified and both strands of each fragment were directly sequenced, using an automated DNA sequencer and the same primers as those for PCR amplification. It was found that the two slower migrating fragments were “bulge” heteroduplexes, while the other two were homoduplexes made up of two wild-type strands and two deletion-mutant strands, respectively. The sites of deletions in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene could be exactly determined in four of the five patients. In an attempt to identify deletion-carriers of familial adenomatous polyposis at the presymptomatic stage, a family study was also carried out, and two children were found to have the same mutations as those of their affected parents. The direct sequencing of heteroduplex fragments generated during PCR amplification is a potentially useful method for detecting mutations of not only the adenomatous polyposis coli gene but also many other genes of genetic diseases. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
28.
Tetsuo Takaishi Takashi Ono Yoshifumi Yasuda 《European journal of applied physiology》1992,65(4):335-339
Summary The surface electromyogram (EMG) from active muscle and oxygen uptake (
) were studied simultaneously to examine changes of motor unit (MU) activity during exercise tests with different ramp increments. Six male subjects performed four exhausting cycle exercises with different ramp slopes of 10, 20, 30 and 40 W · min–1 on different days. The EMG signals taken from the vastus lateralis muscle were stored on a digital data recorder and converted to obtain the integrated EMG (iEMG). The
was measured, with 20-s intervals, by the mixing chamber method. A non-linear increase in iEMG against work load was observed for each exercise in all subjects. The break point of the linear relationship of iEMG was determined by the crossing point of the two regression lines (iEMGbp). Significant differences were obtained in the exercise intensities corresponding to maximal oxygen uptake (
) and the iEMGbp between 10 and 30, and 10 and 40 W · min –1 ramp exercises (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were obtained in
and
corresponding to the iEMGbp during the four ramp exercises. With respect to the relationship between
and exercise intensity during the ramp increments, the
-exercise intensity slope showed significant differences only for the upper half (i.e. above iEMGbp). These results demonstrated that the
and
at which a nonlinear increase in iEMG was observed were not varied by the change of ramp slopes but by the exercise intensity corresponding to
and the iEMGbp was varied by the change of ramp slopes. In addition, the significant differences in the
exercise intensity slopes for the upper half of the tests would suggest that the recruitment patterns of MU and/or muscle metabolic state might be considerably altered depending upon the ramp slope increments. 相似文献
29.
Schecter AD Berman AB Yi L Ma H Daly CM Soejima K Rollins BJ Charo IF Taubman MB 《Journal of leukocyte biology》2004,75(6):1079-1085
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL2) is a mediator of inflammation that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of human diseases. CCR2, a heterotrimeric G-coupled receptor, is the only known receptor that functions at physiologic concentrations of MCP-1. Despite the importance of CCR2 in mediating MCP-1 responses, several recent studies have suggested that there may be another functional MCP-1 receptor. Using arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) from CCR2(-/-) mice, we demonstrate that MCP-1 induces tissue-factor activity at physiologic concentrations. The induction of tissue factor by MCP-1 is blocked by pertussis toxin and 1,2-bis(O-aminophenyl-ethane-ethan)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester, suggesting that signal transduction through the alternative receptor is G(alphai)-coupled and dependent on mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+). MCP-1 induces a time- and concentration-dependent phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases p42/44. The induction of tissue factor activity by MCP-1 is blocked by PD98059, an inhibitor of p42/44 activation, but not by SB203580, a selective p38 inhibitor. These data establish that SMC possess an alternative MCP-1 receptor that signals at concentrations of MCP-1 that are similar to those that activate CCR2. This alternative receptor may be important in mediating some of the effects of MCP-1 in atherosclerotic arteries and in other inflammatory processes. 相似文献
30.
Cross education of muscular strength during unilateral resistance training and detraining 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Shima N Ishida K Katayama K Morotome Y Sato Y Miyamura M 《European journal of applied physiology》2002,86(4):287-294
Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to examine the changes in maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) in the contralateral
untrained limb during unilateral resistance training and detraining, and to examine the factors inducing these changes by
means of electrophysiological techniques. Nine healthy males trained their plantar flexor muscles unilaterally 4 days·week–1 for 6 weeks using 3 sets of 10–12 repetitions at 70–75% of one-repetition maximum a day, and detrained for 6 weeks. Progressive
unilateral resistance training significantly (P<0.05) increased MVC, integrated electromyogram (iEMG), and voluntary activation in the trained and contralateral untrained
limbs. The changes in MVC after training were significantly correlated with the changes in iEMG in both limbs. No significant
changes occurred in MVC, voluntary activation, and iEMG in the contralateral limb after detraining. The changes in MVC after
detraining did not correlate with the changes in voluntary activation or iEMG in either limb. Training and detraining did
not alter twitch and tetanic peak torques in either limb. These results suggest that the mechanisms underlying cross education
of muscular strength may be explained by central neural factors during training, but not solely so during detraining.
Electronic Publication 相似文献