输液监视网兜与监护系统的研制

为了减轻医护人员的工作量，提高监护质量及工作效率，研制了输液监视网兜与监护系统。输液监护系统由输液监视网兜，语音对话，住院输液监视屏，床位登记卡4部分组成。通过监视屏可直观地了解病区内病人的输液情况，及时处理输液中出现的问题。该产品的应用，不仅减轻了医护人员的工作量，提高了工作效率，同时性能稳定，报警准确，实用性强，有利于推广。     

Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Korean children

Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an acute disease caused by Hantavirus and clinically characterised by abrupt onset of fever, various haemorrhagic manifestations and transient renal and hepatic dysfunction. We retrospectively reviewed 63 cases of HFRS in children from 13 different hospitals in Korea who presented over a 15-year period. The age of the patients ranged from 7 to 15 years, with a male to female ratio of 8 to 1. Fifty-four (86%) patients were 10 years or older. On admission, 24 (38%) were in the febrile phase and 35 (56%) were in the oliguric phase. Fever (100%), abdominal pain (91%), headache (76%) and vomiting (73%) were the most common symptoms. Backache, subconjunctival haemorrhage and hypertension were also noted in about one-third of patients. Hypotension was documented in only 7 (11%) patients. Leucocytosis (>10,000/mm³) and thrombocytopenia (<150,000/mm³) were noted in more than two-thirds of patients. Elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine was observed in 94% by the 7th (median) day of illness. Elevated aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase were found in more than two-thirds of patients. Renal biopsy was performed in 12 patients and revealed various stages of acute tubular necrosis with occasional interstitial cell infiltration and oedema. Only 2 showed evidence of interstitial haemorrhage. Eleven patients required 1–3 days of dialysis and the remaining patients required only conservative management. Three (5%) patients died of shock, respiratory failure and pulmonary haemorrhage. All other patients recovered without sequelae. Although childhood cases were much less common than adults, clinical and laboratory findings were in general similar between children and adults.List of participants: Korea University Medical Centre (K. H. Yoo, S. K. Kim, Y. C. Tockgo); Seoul National University Hospital (Y. Choi, K. W. Ko); Kyungpook National University Hospital (J. H. Koo); Yonsei Univesity Severance Hospital (J. S. Lee, P. K. Kim); Wonju University Hospital (M. K. Namgoong); Kyungsang University Hospital (H. S. Youn); Ulsan University Hospital (Y. S. Park); Keimyung University Hospital (J. S. Kim); Wonkwang University Hospital (J. D. Kim); Ehwa University Hospital (S. J. Lee); Inje University Hospital (C. G. Lee); Kyunghee University Hospital (B. S. Cho); Kangnam General Hospital (H. S. Lee).     

SARS临床特征分析(附56例病例报告)

目的 :归纳和探讨临床诊断SARS病例的临床特征、实验室检查及X线胸片变化规律。方法 :对 5 6例临床诊断为SARS病例的临床表现、血常规、血氧饱和度和X线胸片等资料进行收集整理、归纳总结和分析。结果 :本组病例全部以高热和全身不适、乏力和肌肉酸痛为主诉症状 ;2 0例有明确一次性接触史者的平均潜伏期为 ( 4 .70± 0 .92 )d(X±SD ) ;大部分病例有干咳 ( 71 .4% )、气短 ( 4 8.2 % ) ,少数病例在病程中有短暂的胸痛、头痛和鼻塞 ,但无 1例发生腹泻。血常规检查 ,1 0 0 %的患者有白细胞减少 ( <4× 1 0 9/L)和淋巴细胞计数减少 ( <1 .5× 1 0 9/L) ,5 3.6%的病例出现血氧饱和度降低 ( <90 % )。X线胸片异常改变中双侧云雾状阴影占 62 .5 % ,单侧病变占 32 .1 % ,单一肺叶病变的仅占 5 .4%。结论 :本组SARS病人的主要临床症状与WHO提示的有关症状基本符合 ,但未见腹泻和血小板下降者 ;X线胸片单侧病变也占相当比例 ( 32 .1 + 5 .4) %。胸片病变局限可能与及时治疗干预有关。     

Arthroscopic loose-body removal in posterior compartment of the knee joint: a technical note

The arthroscopic removal of loose bodies in the knee joints is a relatively common procedure. Quite often intra-articular loose bodies tend to localize at the posterior compartment due to gravity effect. However, it is often technically demanding to find and remove loose bodies located at the posterior compartment of the knee joint arthroscopically. We present the technical aspects of arthroscopic removal of the loose bodies located in the posterior compartment of the knee joint. Loose bodies at posterior compartment were subdivided into six regions in posterior knee compartment with preoperative MRI and arthroscopic findings. Each section needs slight different application of arthroscopic techniques for removal. We retrospectively studied 52 knees in 50 patients who underwent arthroscopic loose-body removal in posterior compartment, in 28 knees, additional posterior trans-septal portal was needed for removal of loose bodies. With the help of trans-septal portal, we have successfully removed the loose bodies even from the most difficult locations in posterior compartment.     

Posterior double PCL sign: a case report of unusual MRI finding of bucket-handle tear of medial meniscus

Among the MRI signs of bucket-handle tears of medial meniscus, double posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) sign denotes a low signal band anterior and parallel to the PCL, which looks like another PCL in MR images. If the bucket-handle fragment subsequently tears at the anterior horn, the torn meniscal substance can be displaced to the posterosuperior region of the PCL, and looks like another PCL behind the original PCL. We propose the lesion be called the “posterior double PCL sign” in contrast to the ordinary double PCL sign. We present a case showing the posterior double PCL sign.     

An <Emphasis Type="Italic">en bloc</Emphasis> avulsion fracture of tibial tuberosity and Gerdy’s tubercle in an adolescent basketball player: a case report

We report a case of en bloc avulsion fracture of tibial tuberosity and Gerdy’s tubercle, which has never been reported. A 14-year-old boy suffered from an acute pain in his left knee during running just before a jump. Simple radiographs showed an avulsion of the tibial tuberosity. On CT scans, the fractured fragment was attached not only to patellar tendon but also to iliotibial band (ITB) via Gerdy’s tubercle. MRI evaluation revealed no intra-articular associated pathology. Open reduction and internal fixation with three cannulated screws were performed under lateral parapatellar approach to expose both the tibial tuberosity with patellar tendon and Gerdy’s tubercle with ITB. At postoperative 1 year, he could walk, run, squat, and complained of no difficulty in activities on daily living with full range-of-motion of the knee. Radiographs showed well-healed fracture in situ. Gradually, he returned to sports activity. We believe that the injury was caused by the dynamic pull of quadriceps muscle via patellar tendon onto tibial tuberosity and the mostly static pull of ITB onto Gerdy’s tubercle, both of which took a part in the fracture of the anterolateral portion of the unfused epiphysis of proximal tibia. The pes anserinus attaching on the anteromedial metaphysis of proximal tibia might exert the opposing deforming force. Preoperative planning including the determination of the extent of fracture and recognition of concomitant injury is a prerequisite for appropriate treatment.     

How to make a machine think in art psychotherapy: An expert system's reasoning process

In making decisions, a human being considers all of the factors concerning the situation in a comprehensive and intuitive manner by using all of his or her experience and knowledge. Due to the inherent nature of human decision making, the reasoning process from confronting the problem to finding a solution is too complicated to be explicitly represented. In this paper, we implement an expert system for the diagnosis process of art psychotherapists. We model the complicated mechanism of this process as several procedural stages and feedbacks. We devise a suitable method of maintaining consistency among numerous decisions derived from the system. We also provide the system with a learning facility to improve its intelligence. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness and suitability of the proposed system through a case study.     

应用双极人工股骨头和骨移植进行髋臼假体翻修术

目的分析双极人工股骨头和嵌压植骨联合应用对合并巨大骨缺损的髋臼侧假体进行翻修术的临床疗效.方法 1988年3月～2000年11月期间利用双极人工股骨头对合并巨大骨缺损的23例24髋进行髋臼侧假体翻修术.其中男15例,女8例,平均年龄48岁,平均随访6.4年.翻修术的原因中假体松动21髋,骨溶解2髋,感染1髋.髋臼骨缺损根据AAOS分类,Ⅰ型3髋,Ⅱ型6髋,Ⅲ型15髋.自体骨移植2髋,异体骨移植8髋,混合移植14髋.临床评价采用Harris评分,并在X线片上对髋臼假体的移位、移植骨的愈合与吸收、髋臼形态的塑形以及再次翻修等进行分析.结果 Harris评分术前为49分,术后1年为78分,最后随访时间为76分.髋臼假体向上内方向移位19髋,向上外方向移位5髋.并发症中异位骨化12髋,感染1髋,复发性脱位1髋.因感染和髋臼假体严重移位采用非骨水泥型髋臼假体行再次翻修术2髋.结论双极人工股骨头和嵌压植骨联合应用对合并巨大骨缺损的髋臼侧假体进行翻修术具有髋臼形态塑形良好、移植骨愈合率高以及髋臼假体不需要坚强内固定等优点,可作为一种特殊情况下的髋臼侧假体翻修术;其缺点是髋臼假体移位.