N-doped carbon dots from phenol derivatives for excellent colour rendering WLEDs

To achieve competitive fluorescence carbon dots (CDs), studies on regulating fluorescence of CDs under controlled, comparable conditions are in great demand. Herein, by changing the functional groups and nitrogenous existence forms in the precursors, three efficient yellow-green emissive N-doped CDs which have the same fluorescence peak wavelength but different photoluminescence quantum yields were realized through a facile hydrothermal method. The as-prepared CDs exhibit not only excited-independent emissions but also similar surface states. The best-performing CDs among the three products exhibits photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 24.4% in water and 53.3% in ethanol, abundant surface functional groups and its high N-doping degree would be the reason for its excellent performances. By washing and reduction processes, the emission evolution of the CDs was studied linking the changes of surface states. The fluorescence can certainly be attributed to the surface of the carbon dots, and the surface states control the photoluminescence features. Serving as a yellow-green colour conversion layer, the best CDs in the three products was used to fabricate a white light-emitting diode. The white light-emitting diode shows an excellent colour rendering index up to 93.3, suggesting broad application prospects of the CDs in lighting and display fields.

Yellow-green photoluminescence carbon dots with different quantum yields were realized and used to fabricate white LEDs.     

透明帽辅助内镜下取出食管异物疗效的Meta分析

目的评价透明帽辅助内镜下取出食管异物的临床价值。方法通过计算机检索Pubmed、CNKI数据库、Web of Knowledge、Cochrane图书馆对照试验注册库和万方数据库从建库至2017年的有关透明帽辅助内镜取出食管异物的相关文献,采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan 5.0版软件进行统计处理,对纳入资料的异质性进行分析,计算OR值和95%可信区间。结果按照入选标准,纳入了9项临床试验,共1 103例患者。Meta分析结果显示:透明帽辅助内镜异物取出术成功率更高(OR=8.58,95%CI:4.49～16.38,P 0.05)、视野更清晰(OR=7.35,95%CI:5.20～10.40,P 0.05)、并发症发生率低(OR=0.34,95%CI:0.25～0.46,P 0.05)、患者耐受性好(OR=2.78,95%CI:2.08～3.72,P 0.05)。结论透明帽辅助内镜下食管异物取出术是一种安全有效的内镜下取异物的方法,其患者耐受性好,可提供更好的内镜下操作视野,有利于提高手术成功率,值得进一步推广应用。     

Trends and Differences Among Three New Indicators of HIV Infection Progression

Objective

This study proposes three indicators of, and assesses the disparities and trends in, the risk of HIV infection progression among people living with diagnosed HIV infection in the United States.

Methods

Using data reported to national HIV surveillance through June 2012, we calculated the AIDS diagnosis hazard, HIV (including AIDS) death hazard, and AIDS death hazard for people living with diagnosed HIV infection for each calendar year from 1997 to 2010. We also calculated a stratified hazard in 2010 by age, race/ethnicity, mode of transmission, region of residence at diagnosis, and year of diagnosis.

Results

The risk of HIV infection progression among people living with diagnosed HIV infection decreased significantly from 1997 to 2010. The risks of progression to AIDS and death in 2010 were higher among African Americans and people of multiple races, males exposed through injection drug use (IDU) or heterosexual contact, females exposed through IDU, people residing in the South at diagnosis, and people diagnosed in 2009 compared with white individuals, men who have sex with men, females with infection attributed to heterosexual contact, those residing in the Northeast, and those diagnosed in previous years, respectively. People aged 15–29 years had the highest AIDS diagnosis hazard in 2010.

Conclusion

Continued efforts are needed to ensure early HIV diagnosis as well as initial linkage to and continued engagement in HIV medical care among all people living with HIV. Targeted interventions are needed to improve health-care and supportive services for those with worse health outcomes.In the United States, the number of people aged 13 years and older living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was estimated to be more than 1.1 million as of December 2010, a 9% increase from 2006.¹ For people living with HIV, increasing their access to care and eliminating disparities are primary goals of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS) and the Healthy People 2020 objectives.^2,3 Assuring that all people with HIV are diagnosed early, promptly linked to care, retained in care, and offered antiretroviral treatment is essential to achieve the ultimate goal of the continuum of care,⁴ leading to viral suppression, improved health, survival, and prevention of HIV transmission.Several studies have used national HIV surveillance data to examine the disparities and determinants of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS; i.e., stage 3 HIV infection⁵) and death after HIV diagnosis. These studies have focused on individuals diagnosed in a certain time period and have examined the differences in time from HIV diagnoses to AIDS and death (i.e., the number of months/years from HIV diagnosis to AIDS or death) using survival analyses, including Kaplan-Meier survival curves, the Cox proportional hazard model, or the standardized relative risk.^6–8 However, previous studies have not assessed the risks of progression to AIDS and death among all people living with HIV, and have not reported the trends in these outcomes.To fill this gap, we propose in this study three cross-sectional indicators to estimate the risks of progression to AIDS and death in a calendar year after HIV diagnoses among people living with diagnosed HIV infection, regardless of their time of diagnosis (i.e., the year when an HIV infection was first diagnosed). The results allow for an annual assessment of the risks of HIV infection progression and can be used to monitor the trends in these outcomes among people living with HIV.Specifically, this study (1) examined the disparities in the risk of progression to AIDS in 2010 among people living with diagnosed HIV (not AIDS) infection at year-end 2009 (AIDS diagnosis hazard), the risk of death in 2010 among those living with diagnosed HIV (including AIDS) infection at year-end 2009 (HIV death hazard), and the risk of death in 2010 among individuals living with AIDS at year-end 2009 (AIDS death hazard); and (2) assessed the trends in the risks of HIV infection progression among people living with diagnosed HIV infection from 1997 to 2010 using the three indicators.     

The Relationship Between Disability-Adjusted Life Years of Cataracts and Ambient Erythemal Ultraviolet Radiation in China

Background

Cataracts are one of the major public health problems worldwide. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is one of the risk factors for cataract development. We analyzed the relationship between disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates of cataracts and UVR exposure in China.

Methods

DALY rates of cataracts and UVR exposure in 31 regions of China were calculated based on data from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability and the United States’ National Aeronautics and Space Administration database. The relationship between the DALY rates of cataracts and UVR was estimated by Spearman rank correlation analysis and linear regression analysis.

Results

The elderly (≥65 years) had higher DALY rates of cataracts than the whole population. The DALY rate of cataracts in the agricultural population was higher than that observed in the non-agricultural population. The DALY rates of cataracts were positively associated with UVR The DALY rates of cataracts in regions with higher UVR were higher than those in regions with lower UVR. An increase in the daily ambient erythemal UVR of 1000 J/m² was associated with an increase in the DALY rates of cataracts by 92 DALYs/100 000 (R² = 0.676) among the whole population, 34 DALYs/100 000 among the population <65 years old (R² = 0.423), 607 DALYs/100 000 among the population aged 65–74 years (R² = 0.617), and by 1342 DALYs/100 000 among the population ≥75 years old (R² = 0.758).

Conclusions

DALY rates of cataracts increased with increases in UVR exposure in 31 regions of China. Greater exposure to UVR increases the disease burden of cataracts in the whole population, especially in the elderly and among the agricultural population.Key words: cataract, UVR exposure, disease burden, DALYs     

沉默ABCG2增强膀胱癌T24对X线的敏感性研究

目的明确沉默ABCG2后膀胱癌T24对X线的敏感性是否增强。方法常规培养T24,经4 Gy X线照射后,从存活能力、克隆形成、迁移和侵袭能力四个方面评价了沉默ABCG2后T24对X线敏感性的变化。结果经X线照射,沉默ABCG2后,T24的存活能力、克隆形成、迁移、侵袭能力显著减弱(P<0.05)。结论沉默ABCG2增强了膀胱癌T24对X线的敏感性,ABCG2的抑制剂可能成为膀胱癌的放疗增敏剂。     

射干麻黄汤对哮喘患者气道高反应性的影响

目的观察射干麻黄汤对寒哮患者气道高反应性的影响。方法 51例轻、中度寒哮患者随机分为两组。对照组给予沙丁胺醇气雾剂,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用射干麻黄汤中药配方颗粒冲服,两组均治疗12周,分别于治疗前和治疗后进行哮喘控制测试评分(ACT评分)、最大呼气峰流速(PEF)、肺通气功能及支气管激发或舒张试验检测,并进行疗效判定。结果治疗组疗效优于对照组(P0.05),两组FEV1、FEV1%预计值、PEF均较治疗前显著改善(P0.05),而治疗组气道高反应性(支气管激发或舒张实验阳性率)及PEF变异率均较对照组下降(P0.05),ACT评分较对照组明显改善(P0.05)。结论射干麻黄汤能改善哮喘患者的症状及气道高反应性。     

1764例血培养病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的：了解血培养中常见病原菌的组成以及各类病原菌对抗菌药物的耐药性,为临床医生合理选用抗菌药物解决患者病痛提供依据。方法收集临床送检的血培养标本,应用法国生物梅里埃公司 BacT／Alert3D 全自动血培养仪、配套培养基、鉴定仪系统鉴定菌种及药敏试验。结果1764份血培养分离出病原菌179株,其阳性率为10．1％,其中革兰阳性菌68株（38．0％）,革兰阴性菌111株（62．0％）;病原菌中占首位的是大肠埃希菌,其次是凝固酶阴性菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌。药敏结果显示绝大部分检出的病原菌均有耐药情况出现。结论临床医生应重视患者早期的血培养检验,并严格根据药敏结果合理使用抗菌药物。对血培养的检测应更加规范,从而提高病原菌的检出率,并及时检测病原菌变化及耐药趋势。     

IVF/ICSI-ET术后双胎妊娠的临床结局及预防对策

目的:分析体外受精 (in vitro fertilization,IVF)/卵细胞浆单精子注射-胚胎移植 (intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer,ICSI-ET)术后双胎妊娠的临床生殖结局,探讨降低辅助生殖技术中多胎率的有效治疗措施?方法:回顾性分析IVF/ICSI-ET术后获得双胎妊娠的425例孕妇的妊娠并发症?分娩方式和围产期结局?结果:①行IVF/ICSI-ET 4 603个治疗周期,双胎率23.35%,流产率9.18%,妊娠并发症发生率13.41%,出生缺陷发生率1.60%;②活胎双胎组孕周[(29.66 ± 3.64周) vs. (30.69 ± 3.47周)]? 出生体重[(2.64 ± 0.45)kg vs. (3.12 ± 0.64)kg]低于活胎单胎组,剖宫产率(97.68% vs. 77.38%)?早产率(41.06% vs. 16.67%)?低体重儿发生率(42.05% vs. 19.05%)高于活胎单胎组,两组间比较差异有统计学意义;③多胎减胎组和自然减胎组比未减胎组获得良好的生殖结局,孕周[(38.00 ± 2.03)周?(37.89 ± 2.46)周 vs. (36.43 ± 1.77)周)]和出生体重[(3.05 ± 0.65)kg?(3.15 ± 0.63)kg vs. (2.64 ± 0.45)kg]?早产率(13.64%?15.71% vs 37.24%)等方面比较,差异均有统计学意义?结论:在辅助生殖技术中,双胎较单胎妊娠发生早产?低出生体重不良风险高,需重视其围生期保健和产前检查?临床早期预测并进行减胎等补救性手段是安全有效的干预措施?     

正交设计法优选合欢花黄酮的乙醇浸提工艺

目的 :采用正交设计法对合欢花黄酮浸提工艺参数进行优化。方法:采用分光光度法测定黄酮得率。在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验法,考察乙醇浓度、料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间对合欢花黄酮得率的影响,对浸提条件进行优化。结果:各因素对合欢花黄酮得率的影响程度依次为:料液比乙醇浓度时间温度。最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶20,乙醇浓度60%,浸提时间2 h,浸提温度70℃,合欢花黄酮得率为2.31%。结论:该工艺稳定、合理、可行,适用于工业化生产。