脐带血血清中六种微量元素含量的研究

本对100例健康胎儿脐带血血清中六种微量元素（锌，铁，铜，钙，镁，锰）含量进行了测定，结果提示，所测的六种元素含量在男，田性胎儿之间似无明显差异（P＞0．05），与成人比较，胎儿的锌，铁，锰含量高于成人，铜，钙含量低于成人，镁含量与成人相近。     

Investigation of 89 candidate gene variants for effects on all-cause mortality following acute coronary syndrome

Background  

Many candidate genes have been reported to be risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but their impact on clinical prognosis following ACS is unknown.     

Disturbed erythrocyte calcium homeostasis and adenine nucleotide dysregulation in canine phosphofructokinase deficiency

Muscle-type phosphofructokinase deficiency (PFKD) causes a hemolytic disorder and exertional myopathy in humans and dogs. In humans, PFKD is accompanied by a disturbed calcium homeostasis and associated adenine nucleotide dysregulation, which may potentiate the erythroenzymopathy associated with this inherited disorder. This study shows that canine PFKD also manifests these erythrocyte abnormalities. Compared to normal, healthy red cells, PFK-deficient erythrocytes contain lower concentrations of ATP and higher concentrations of IMP and calcium, the latter as per a calcium indicator dye. Adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD) enriched 5000-fold from canine erythrocytes adsorbs to immobilized calcium–calmodulin and the interaction between these two proteins activates AMPD through a K _mapp effect. This behavior is similar to that of the human erythrocyte enzyme and provides a potential contributing mechanism for accelerated adenine nucleotide turnover in canine PFKD. We propose that adenine nucleotide replacement strategies could benefit the erythroenzymopathy in human and canine PFKD and that the dog model of this disorder is an appropriate vehicle for further elucidating this hypothesis.     

抗Cyclin D1胞内抗体AD5N基因真核表达载体的构建及其对乳腺癌细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的：构建细胞核定位的抗CydinD1胞内抗体基因的真核表达载体并分析其对乳腺癌细胞增殖的抑制效应。方法：利用PCR技术和分子克隆技术，构建编码细胞核定位的抗CydinD1胞内抗体基因（AD5N）的真核表达载体pcDNA3．1-ADSN，利用脂质体介导法转染MCF-7细胞，RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光、Westernblot和流式细胞术分析该胞内抗体基因ADSN在MCF-7细胞中的表达、定位及抑瘤效应。结果：经限制性内切酶分析及序列分析发现，成功构建编码细胞核定位的抗CyclinD1胞内抗体（AD5N）基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3．1-ADSN，基因片段为855bp，编码285个氨基酸，分子量约为30kD。RT-PCR、免疫荧光及Westernblot实验结果显示，仅在转染胞内抗体基因的MCF-7细胞中存在该胞内抗体的表达，并且主要分布在细胞核区域。与野生型MCF-7细胞和转染空质粒的细胞相比，在MCF-7／pcDNA3．1-ADSN细胞中ADSN的表达可明显抑制MCF-7细胞增殖，显著诱导细胞凋亡（P〈0．01），使G0-G1期细胞周期指数增高12．64％，S期指数下降15．22％，凋亡细胞指数上升9．15％。结论：细胞核定位的抗CyclinD1胞内抗体ADSN基因的表达，可有效抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖，阻滞细胞周期进展，并诱导细胞凋亡。     

颈内动脉岩内段形态位置与毗邻结构的相关分析

目的:探讨颈内动脉岩内段形态位置变化的规律及其与毗邻结构的关系.方法:对66侧正常成人颅底高分辨率CT连续图像进行分析,测量颞骨气房体积,建立定位颈内动脉岩内段及其毗邻结构的参照系,对其位置和形态进行测量,运用偏相关分析方法求出它们形态位置的变化规律及其影响因素.结果:在男性,颈内动脉垂直段更偏外侧,其水平段长度也大于女性.颞骨气化好,则颈内动脉垂直段更偏后移.颈内动脉垂直段与颈静脉球的位置变化表现为同步.垂直段的内外移位相应地使水平段与中线的夹角发生变化.颈内动脉水平段的方位与蜗轴方向相关,蜗轴偏离中线的角度越小,则颈内动脉水平段偏离中线的角度越大,反之亦然.结论:影响颈内动脉岩内段形态位置变化的因素是复杂和多重的,包括性别因素、颅底发育状态、颞骨气化程度以及毗邻结构发育状态均可能是影响因素.     

Multispacer typing of Rickettsia prowazekii enabling epidemiological studies of epidemic typhus

Currently, there is no tool for typing Rickettsia prowazekii, the causative agent of epidemic typhus, currently considered a potential bioterrorism agent, at the strain level. To test if the multispacer typing (MST) method could differentiate strains of R. prowazekii, we amplified and sequenced the 25 most variable intergenic spacers between the R. prowazekii and R. conorii genomes in five strains and 10 body louse amplicons of R. prowazekii from various geographic origins. Two intergenic spacers, i.e., rpmE/tRNA(fMet) and serS/virB4, were variable among tested R. prowazekii isolates and allowed identification of three and two genotypes, respectively. When the genotypes obtained from the two spacers were combined, we identified four different genotypes. MST demonstrated that several R. prowazekii strains circulated in human body lice during an outbreak of epidemic typhus in Burundi. This may help to discriminate between natural and intentional outbreaks. Our study supports the usefulness of MST as a versatile method for rickettsial strain genotyping.     

Involvement of Toll-like receptor 4 in the embryogenesis of the rodent filaria <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litomosoides sigmodontis</Emphasis>

To examine the role that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-like molecules from the filarial intracellular endobacteria Wolbachia might play in the development of filarial infections, a natural infection in the LPS-nonresponsive C3H/HeJ mouse strain was compared to that of the LPS-responsive C3H/HeN mouse strain. C3H/HeN mice have been shown to be susceptible to the rodent filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis, with the development of adult worms including females containing mature microfilariae (first stage larvae) in the uterine tubes. However, free microfilariae are not detected. In this study the worm burden and worm length were not significantly different between the C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice. However, the fertility of worms from CeH/HeJ mice was found to be higher than those from C3H/HeN mice. Significantly, mature microfilariae were found at the site of infection only in C3H/HeJ mice. These results indicate a role for TLR4 signaling in the immune response that inhibits worm embryogenesis and prevents the release of microfilariae or directly kills released microfilariae.     

Innovations in curriculum design: A multi-disciplinary approach to teaching statistics to undergraduate medical students

Background  

Statistics is relevant to students and practitioners in medicine and health sciences and is increasingly taught as part of the medical curriculum. However, it is common for students to dislike and under-perform in statistics. We sought to address these issues by redesigning the way that statistics is taught.     

用噬菌体肽库筛选重组日本血吸虫线粒体相关蛋白的表位

目的：筛选和鉴定重组的日本血吸虫（中国大陆株）线粒体相关蛋白rSj38的表位。方法：用纯化的rSj338/26GST免疫家兔获得抗rSj338/26GST的多克隆抗体IgG，将抗体进一步纯化，获得抗rSj338单特异多克隆抗体IgG。用纯化抗rSj338抗体对噬菌体12肽库进行5轮免疫学筛选，挑取克隆。采用Western blot免疫识别，核苷酸序列测定分析其获得的表位并与rSj338/26GST进行同源性比较。将获得的不同表位的阳性克隆分别免疫小鼠，并采用Western blot及dot-ELISA方法筛选能刺激小鼠产生较高滴度抗rSj338抗体的阳性克隆，并将阳性噬菌体免疫的小鼠血清对纯化的rSj338/26GST,26GST，日本血吸虫成虫及虫卵抗原进行Western blot识别。结果：经5轮免疫学筛选后挑取的32个克隆，用Western blot方法30个克隆能被抗rSj338抗体识别，核苷酸序列分析发现共有11种表位，与rSj338无一级结构的同源性。经动物免疫初步实验筛选。共获得4个免疫原性较强的阳性克隆，其免疫鼠血清均可识别rSj338/26GST，日本血吸虫成虫及虫卵抗原。结论：获得了4种日本血吸虫中国大陆株线粒体相关蛋白rSj338的表位，均为模拟表位，这将为日本血吸虫病的疫苗研究开辟新的途径。     

DicomWorks: Software for Reviewing DICOM Studies and Promoting Low-cost Teleradiology

DicomWorks is freeware software for reading and working on medical images [digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM)]. It was jointly developed by two research laboratories, with the feedback of more than 35,000 registered users throughout the world who provided information to guide its development. We detail their occupations (50% radiologists, 20% engineers, 9% medical physicists, 7% cardiologists, 6% neurologists, and 8% others), geographic origins, and main interests in the software. The viewer’s interface is similar to that of a picture archiving and communication system viewing station. It provides basic but efficient tools for opening DICOM images and reviewing and exporting them to teaching files or digital presentations. E-mail, FTP, or DICOM protocols are supported for transmitting images through a local network or the Internet. Thanks to its wide compatibility, a localized (15 languages) and user-friendly interface, and its opened architecture, DicomWorks helps quick development of non proprietary, low-cost image review or teleradiology solutions in developed and emerging countries.