The upregulation of glial glutamate transporter-1 participates in the induction of brain ischemic tolerance in rats.

Glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) plays an essential role in removing glutamate from the extracellular space and maintaining the glutamate below neurotoxic level in the brain. To explore whether GLT-1 plays a role in the acquisition of brain ischemic tolerance (BIT) induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP), the present study was undertaken to observe in vivo changes in the expression of GLT-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the CA1 hippocampus during the induction of BIT, and the effect of dihydrokainate (DHK), an inhibitor of GLT-1, on the acquisition of BIT in rats. Immunohistochemistry for GFAP showed that the processes of astrocytes were prolonged after a CIP 2 days before the lethal ischemic insult, which could protect pyramidal neurons in the CA1 hippocampus against delayed neuronal death induced normally by lethal ischemic insult. The prolonged processes extended into the area between the pyramidal neurons and tightly surrounded them. These changes made the pyramidal layer look like a 'shape grid'. Simultaneously, the prolonged and extended processes showed a great deal of GLT-1. Western blotting analysis showed significant upregulation of GLT-1 expression after the CIP, especially when it was administered 2 days before the subsequent lethal ischemic insult. Neuropathological evaluation by thionin staining showed that DHK dose-dependently blocked the protective role of CIP against delayed neuronal death induced normally by lethal brain ischemia. It might be concluded that the surrounding of pyramidal neurons by astrocytes and upregulation of GLT-1 induced by CIP played an important role in the acquisition of the BIT induced by CIP.     

人类转移癌间质淋巴样细胞漫润及其意义的探讨

观察126例人类转移癌,分析比较淋巴样细胞浸润(LI)程度与患者年龄、病理类型、组织分化和核异型程度的关系。结果表明:患者年龄及病理类型与LI程度无关;组织分化程度在LI上虽有差别,但无对应性关系;而核异型程度与LI关系密切。核异型性愈明显,LI程度愈高,反之亦然。这说明核分级不仅可以反映宿主免疫反应的高低,也可提示转移癌抗原性的强弱。     

Microvascular corrosion casting of normal tissue, transitional mucosa and adenocarcinoma in the human colon.

The microcirculatory architecture of normal tissue, transitional mucosa and adenocarcinoma of the human colon was investigated with microvascular corrosion casting (MVCC) combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study showed that the capillaries within the normal mucosa were arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern around the mucosal glands and that the microvessels of transitional mucosa mostly had lost the typical hexagonal pattern and become slightly wider in diameter. The microvessels in the tumor periphery were increased in number and disorganized, and presented large variation in morphology with claw-like formations, widened sinuses, diverticula and appendixoid patterns. Microvessels were lacking in the central areas of tumors. These morphological alterations may serve as additional indicators of tumor development.     

中药黄精中的新生物碱

中药黄精中的新生物碱孙隆儒１）王素贤李铣（沈阳药科大学天然药物研究室，沈阳１１００１５）黄精为百合科黄精属植物黄精（ＰｏｌｙｇｏｎａｔｕｍｓｉｂｉｒｉｃｕｍＲｅｄｏｕｔｅ）的根茎，具有补气养阴、ＦｉｇＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄ健脾、...     

妇科疾病中人乳头瘤病毒感染的分子流行病学调查

目的:探讨各种妇科疾病与人乳头瘤病毒感染的关系,建立不同妇科疾病和不同年龄段妇女人乳头瘤病毒感染的流行病学资料库。方法:应用反向点杂交技术分别对疾病组1 512例病人标本和正常组500例标本进行HPV检测,所得数据用SPSS 13.0软件包进行统计分析。结果:正常组500例标本中,阳性标本101例,感染率为20.2%,疾病组1 512例标本中,阳性标本523例,感染率为34.6%,其中双重感染82例,占阳性标本的15.7%,多重感染34例,占阳性标本的6.5%,而高危感染340例,感染率为22.5%,占阳性标本的65.0%,其中单纯HPV16亚型感染155例,占所有阳性标本的29.6%;不同年龄段、不同性生活史、不同妇科疾病以及不同首次性生活年龄的HPV感染检出率都有显著性差异。结论:正常组和疾病组的HPV感染率有显著性差异(2χ=36.37,P<0.01)。在HPV感染的普查中可以有重点的选择高危人群,这样更加有针对性,从而大大降低普查成本。     

52例肺癌患者放疗前肺功能和放疗疗效关系分析

为了探讨放疗前肺功能与放疗疗效的关系，作者于１９８７年１月至１９９０年１２月对５２例无急、慢性呼吸衰竭的肺癌患者在放疗前做了肺功能检测和血气分析，结果表明，放疗前肺功能不能反映肿瘤乏氧程度，也不能作为肿瘤对放疗敏感性的指标，只有直接测量肿瘤原发灶内的乏氧程度才能了解肿瘤对放疗的敏感性，预测放疗的疗效。     

临床肿瘤用药的统计分析

[目的]了解肿瘤用药的消费现状及发展趋势，为临床合理用药提供依据。[方法]对本院1996年-2002年抗肿瘤药、生物反应调节剂和升白细胞药的用药情况进行统计分析，以药品的年消耗金额作统计。[结果]抗肿瘤药、生物反应调节剂和升白细胞药分别占全部药品年消耗总金额的24．24％～33．73％、15．80％～23．33％和5．86％～9．11％。[结论]抗肿瘤药、生物反应调节剂和升白细胞药是用于肿瘤治疗的主要药品，尤其是抗肿瘤天然药物有着广阔的应用前景。     

轻、中度精神发育迟滞儿童的中药和行为干预综合治疗探讨

采用中药与行为干预综合治疗的方法对１４０名轻、中度精神发育迟滞的儿童进行分组康复观察。结果发现中药加行为干预组治疗后智力商数（ＩＱ）及能力的变化最大，明显优于单用中药组和单纯行为干预组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；与对照组相比有非常显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。从而为精神发育迟滞儿童的康复治疗提供了新的途径。     

川芎嗪和维拉帕米对缺血性急性肾衰初期保护效应的实验研究

１８只犬切除右肾，钳夹左肾动脉６０分的肾缺血模型，再灌注５小时。将动物随机分成对照组、川芎嗪组及维拉帕米组。观察尿量、菊糖清除率、利钠指数、平均动脉压及心率；再灌注５小时取肾组织作形态学检查。结果显示川芎嗪对肾功能及形态有保护作用，维拉帕米则无此作用，提示在手术中有肾缺血时以川芎嗪作为肾保护药物优于维拉帕米。     

医科院校师生对考试现状看法的调查与分析

医科院校的考试主要是学科考试。调查显示，教师和学生对目前的学科考试模式评价均不高，存在的最主要弊端是考试方法单一，考试管理不够科学、严谨，考风不好；认为作弊的主要原因在于学生自己学习不努力、社会风气影响以及学校对教师和学生要求不够严格。因此，要搞好考试改革，提高考试质量，必须着重从改革考试方法、加强考试管理的改革与研究、整顿考风、制定科学的成绩评定方法、加强能力考核、实施教考分离等方面进行探索与实践。