网塞腹膜前张开术式在腹股沟疝中的应用

目的探讨网塞腹膜前张开无张力腹股沟疝修补术式的优点。方法回顾性总结和分析2002年6月至2006年12月间共计130例网塞腹膜前张开无张力腹股沟疝修补术式治疗原发性腹股沟疝的临床资料。结果本组130例，斜疝90例，直疝34例，斜、直复合疝6例。Ⅱ型疝84例，Ⅲ型疝46例。123例得到随访，随访率94．6％，随访时间7—60个月，平均45．3个月。术后伤口疼痛17例，2例阴囊积液，无切口及深部感染、复发、腹股沟区皮肤感觉异常、慢性疼痛、腹股沟区异物不适感、睾丸萎缩、射精痛等并发症发生。结论网塞腹膜前张开无张力腹股沟疝修补术式能进一步降低术后复发率，减少腹股沟区持续疼痛和异物不适感的发生率，作为疝环充填术式的补充，值得在临床中推广。     

经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤显微手术治疗及其策略

目的 总结采用经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路显微手术治疗垂体腺瘤的临床疗效.方法 从2003年1月至2007年12月,经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路显微手术治疗垂体腺瘤241例,并对其临床表现、肿瘤病理、肿瘤切除率、术后并发症进行总结分析.结果 垂体腺瘤241例中,全切除171例(71%),次全切除28例(11.6%),大部分切除26例(10.7%),部分切除16例(6.6%).术后多饮、多尿38例(15.8%)、术后视力一过性下降12例(4.9%)、术后脑脊液漏4例(1.6%)、一侧动眼神经损伤2例(0.8%),无死亡病例.除动眼神经损伤的2例外,其余病例的术后并发症在出院时已治愈.随访1-36个月,所有病例的临床症状均有不同程度改善.结论 经单鼻孔-蝶窦人路显微切除垂体腺瘤手术时间缩短,创伤小,手术效果好.     

腹腔镜胰岛细胞瘤切除30例临床报告

目的 总结腹腔镜胰岛细胞瘤切除的手术技巧和临床经验.方法 2002年7月至2007年12月共收治胰岛细胞瘤患者30例,男性12例,女性18例,其中术前诊断为无功能胰岛细胞瘤3例,胰岛素瘤27例.所有患者术前影像学检查至少1项为阳性,肿瘤位于胰头颈部4例,体尾部26例.结果 其中2例腹腔镜超声探查未发现病灶而终止手术,其余28例发现病灶并成功在腹腔镜下切除(联合胆囊切除5例).手术方式包括局部切除13例(钩突1例、胰头颈部3例、体尾部9例),胰体尾脾切除15例(其中保脾7例).手术时间165 rain(65～465 min),出血145 nd(50～800ml).术后3例发生胰漏,其中2例经过保守治疗愈合,1例行经十二指肠胰胆管逆行造影胰管支架置入后治愈.术后住院天数为5.6 d(2～17 d).无中转开腹及手术死亡.随访4～62个月,平均(14.3±16.7)个月,无肿瘤复发.2例仍有发作性低血糖,1例血糖高(发病前有糖尿病),需要口服降糖药,其余27例血糖正常.结论 完全腹腔镜下胰岛细胞瘤切除是一种安全可行的方法 ,术中超声有助于肿瘤的准确定位和手术的顺利进行.     

产ACT-2型头孢菌素酶和CTX-M型超广谱β-内酰胺酶及携带Ⅰ类整合子的大肠埃希菌

目的 分析大肠埃希菌临床分离菌(E1)携带的β-内酰胺酶基因(AmpC,ESBLs)及Ⅰ类整合子基因的存在情况.方法 应用琼脂稀释法测定E1菌的耐药表型,应用聚合酶链反应及序列分析法分析其AmpC,ESBLs和整合子的基因类型,并进行质粒接合转移实验.结果 E1仅对亚胺培南、环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星和阿米卡星敏感,同时携带CTX-M-13、SHV-1、TEM-1和ACT-2型β-内酰胺酶基因,Ⅰ类整合子基因呈阳性.结论 大肠埃希菌耐药机制复杂,可同时携带多种β-内酰胺酶,并已成功地将AmpC 和ESBL 接合在一起,对此类产酶菌应首选碳青酶烯类药物进行治疗,并应高度重视整合子对多重耐药形成的作用.     

多发性胰岛素瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 总结多发性胰岛素瘤的诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析我院24年来收治的34例多发性胰岛素瘤患者的临床资料.结果 34例患者发生37次多发性胰岛素瘤(3例两次发病均为多发性肿瘤).2例为恶性胰岛素瘤.35.3%(12/34)的病例合并多发性内分泌肿瘤1型(MENI);5例次(13.5%,5/37)为胰岛素瘤合并胰岛细胞增生;16例次(43.2%,16/37)同时存在3个或3个以上的多发性胰岛素瘤;15例次(40.5%,15/37)既往曾发生漏诊;45.2%(57/126)的肿瘤直径小于1 cm;88.9%(112/126)的肿瘤位于胰体尾部.多发肿瘤的局部摘除术适用于48.7%(18/37)的患者.结论 多发性胰岛素瘤体积小,术前的定位检查发现全部肿瘤的阳性率低;对多发性胰岛素瘤的警惕,充分的术中探查,配合血糖监测、细针穿刺活检以及术中冰冻病理检查等措施有助于防止漏诊多发性胰岛素瘤.     

Measurement of the concentration of three antituberculosis drugs in the focus of spinal tuberculosis

This is an experimental study on the distribution of antituberculosis drugs such as rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide in pathologic vertebrae of spinal tuberculosis in order to provide the regimen of chemotherapy and surgical treatment of spinal tuberculosis. The distribution of antituberculosis drugs in pathologic vertebral tissues matters greatly to the clinical effect of spinal tuberculosis’ treatment. However, few pharmacokinetic studies and clinical reports about the concentrations of antituberculosis drugs in vertebral foci have been published so far. Twenty-four patients with spinal tuberculosis were divided into sclerotic group (n = 15) or non-sclerotic group (n = 9) according to radiographic features of lesion. All patients received chemotherapy with 2HRZ/2·5H₂R₂Z₂ for a duration of 4.5 months. Four weeks after chemotherapy all patients underwent surgery and the specimen of serum, ilium, and pathologic vertebral tissues, including sclerotic wall, subnormal osseous tissue, and foci were obtained during operation in 120–130 and 180–190 min after oral intake in the morning, respectively. The levels of three drugs in the specimen were measured using HPLC method. The concentration levels of isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide varied greatly in different tissues of spinal tuberculosis, of which the bactericidal concentration values of isoniazid and rifampin and fivefold minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) of pyrazinamide were found in subnormal vertebral bone and self-contrast ilium, the MICs of all drugs were found in sclerotic wall outside foci, and undetected level was found in foci inside the sclerotic wall. To patients without vertebral sclerotic wall around the foci, the isoniazid in foci was of bactericidal level and rifampin and pyrazinamide in foci corresponded to the MICs respectively. The sclerotic bone of affected vertebra plays an important role in blocking the antituberculosis drug’s penetration into tuberculosis focus.     

Impact of innate and adaptive immunity on rejection and tolerance

Until recently, research on transplantation rejection and tolerance has been directed toward deciphering the mechanisms of the adaptive immune system. However, the emergence that the innate immune system, the body's first-line defense against pathogens, has a strong influence on adaptive immunity has galvanized interest in elucidating the interplay between these two arms of the immune system. The discovery of Toll-like receptors and the characterization of the cellular mediators involved in innate immunity have provided growing evidence that innate immunity affects the adaptive immune response. Emerging evidence has also shown that early "danger signals"' associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury or brain death contribute to innate immune activation, promoting rejection, and inhibiting tolerance induction. In addition, nonspecific stimuli such as increased donor age or patient disease may also serve to exert a synergistic influence on innate immune activation. Ultimately, controlling the events in innate immune activation may help drive tolerance induction and reduce the rate of rejection.     

纤维蛋白胶促进急性完全横断性脊髓损伤修复的初步研究

目的探讨纤维蛋白胶（fibri nglue，FG）对完全横断性脊髓损伤修复和再生的影响。方法取健康雌性SD大鼠10只，体重250～300g，制备急性完全横断性脊髓损伤模型。随机将其分为实验组和对照组，每组5只，实验组脊髓断端注入FG（100 μL／只），对照组不予任何治疗。术后4周，采用BBB运动评分法进行运动功能评价。术后4周处死动物，应用免疫组织化学方法观察神经中丝（neurofilament，NF）和神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白（glial fibrillary acidic protein，GFAP）表达。采用图像分析方法，对脊髓横断处远、近端进行神经纤维计数及GFAP面积比分析。结果BBB运动评分：对照组（2．40±0、51）分，实验组（3．00±0．45）分，两组间运动功能比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。免疫组织化学观察示，对照组近、远端可见少量NF阳性细胞和GFAP阳性结构；实验组近、远端可见大量NF阳性细胞及GFAP阳性结构生长，并向损伤中心区汇聚，但未到达中心区。图像分析显示，神经纤维数量：实验组近端（113．10±20．75）根、远端（73．60±33．61）根，对照组近端（45．50±17．18）根、远端（23．50±8．20）根；GFAP面积比：实验组近端33．75％±11．06％、远端27．75％±7．15％，对照组近端23．78％±5．76％、远端19．78％±5．17％；实验组与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论FG对脊髓损伤具有一定程度的修复及促进其再生的作用。     

Fas Ligand gene transfer enhances the survival of tissue-engineered chondrocyte allografts in mini-pigs

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Since the Fas/Fas Ligand (FasL) interaction has been recognized as an apoptotic pathway, it eliminates the activated T cells and promotes the survival of grafts. In this study, the effect of FasL transfection of pig chondrocytes on allogeneic transplantation was examined in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Chondrocytes were isolated from articular and aural cartilages of anesthetized Guizhou Xiang (Gz) pig. The cells were transfected with G418 selected virus, packed from PA317 cells with a constructed plasmid using pig FasL (pGCEN-FasL). The apoptotic effect of FasL transfection was examined on Jurkat cells and activated recipient Gz T cells. The FasL expression was assessed by Western blot and flow cytometry. FasL+chondrocytes-Pluronic F-127 complex was injected into the right abdomen of recipient Gz pig. Histology and morphology of the engineered tissue were examined after 2 and 5 weeks of transplantation. RESULTS: The FasL expression was confirmed in pGCEN-FasL transfected chondrocytes. The expression of FasL of chondrocytes from Gz pig was analyzed by FACS. The apoptosis of Jurkat cells and activated recipient Gz T cells was increased by co-culture with FasL(+) chondrocytes (53.41% and 30.38% (E/T=10:1), in contrast of 32.27% and 13.16% with the control chondrocytes, respectively, P<0.01). FasL(+) chondrocytes-Pluronic F-127 implant expressed FasL and Type II collagen at the 5th week and survived until the 8th week. INTERPRETATION: The result indicates that the expression of FasL by chondrocytes is capable of inducing apoptosis of activated T cells. This suggests a potential role for allogeneic transplantation with chondrocytes.     

精子形态变化对体外受精率的影响

目的:通过对ICSI和IVF受精率的统计,比较精子形态中的精子正常形态率、头部畸形率、畸形精子指数(TZI)和精子畸形指数(SDI)对受精结果的影响。方法:用Krger's严格标准法分别计算每组样本的精子正常形态率、头部畸形率、TZI和SDI值,与受精率进行比较。结果:①IVF组和ICSI组的受精率,与精子正常形态率、头部畸形率、TZI、SDI均无相关性。②IVF组和ICSI组中SDI>1.6和SDI<1.6的受精率、优质胚胎率和临床妊娠率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③IVF组和ICSI组中精子正常形态率≤15%与精子正常形态率>15%的二组间受精率、优质胚胎率和临床妊娠率的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:精子形态在体外受精时对受精率无影响,不能用精子形态来直接评价体外受精的结果。