Results of the operative treatment in Madelung's deformity]

Nine wrists in eight patients were treated surgically between 1988 and 2003 for symptomatic Madelung's deformity. The pain of involved wrist followed by forearm deformation fulfilled criteria for surgery. Closing wedge osteotomy of the distal radius were carried out eight times accompanied by shortening of the ulna (four patients), excision of the distal ulna (one patient), and no ulnar surgery (three patients). Pain relieved after surgery. The follow up period ranged from 1 to 9.5 years. No pour results were stated in subjective patient's estimation during final check up. Wrist appearance were stated to be satisfactory. Limitation of the range of motion concerning supination and pronation of the forearm were stated invariably. X-ray retrospective assessment of the inclination angle, lunate coverage and presence of arthritic changes were conducted. Time and method of surgical treatment for Madelung's deformity should be considered individually.     

积极主动为贫困人口服务--上海市北站医院平价病房的案例调查

目的:对上海市一所国有民营医院的平价病房进行案例调查,了解运行状况、经验及存在问题。方法:相关人员访谈和现场观察。结果:该院设立了14张床位的平价病房,收治对象是低保户、特困户及经济困难的外来务工人员。对医保病人和自费病人设定不同的减免优惠方案,包括减免50.0%的床位费和10.0%的护理、检查、治疗及手术等劳务费用(药费除外)。以收治急性病为主,住院时间原则上不超过2周。出院病人总费用的实际减免率约为6.0%￣10.0%。结论:创办平价病房的方向应予肯定。是民营机构委托管理医院的一种公益性(非营利性)的表现,对其他公立医疗机构具有促进作用。     

Abnormal spinal interactions from hand afferents to forearm muscles in writer's cramp.

OBJECTIVE: Spinal reflexes from hand to wrist muscles were investigated in writer's cramp. METHODS: Stimulus-triggered rectified EMG averages after ulnar nerve and cutaneous stimulation, in wrist flexors and extensors during tonic contraction, were compared in 18 controls and 19 patients. RESULTS: On the patient dystonic side, ulnar-induced EMG suppression was decreased in wrist extensors, and facilitation in wrist flexors modified dependent on the dystonic wrist posture during writing. No change was found on the patient non-dystonic side. Cutaneous stimulation increased wrist flexor EMG on both sides of the patients with normal wrist posture during writing, but had no effect in controls and patients with abnormal wrist posture. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison between cutaneous and mixed nerve stimuli suggests that spindle afferents from intrinsic hand muscles may mediate patients' ulnar-induced EMG modulations. Abnormal proprioceptive control was only observed on dystonic side, while bilateral unusual cutaneous control was found in patients. Changes in spinal transmission were partly related to the dystonic wrist posture, suggesting that systems involved in sensory processing can be differentially altered in writer's cramp. SIGNIFICANCE: Changes in spinal transmission, probably related to peripheral and/or cortical inputs, might either take part in primary or adaptive mechanisms underlying writer's cramp.     

The diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy in distinguishing between peritoneal mesotheliomas and serous carcinomas: a comparative study.

The histologic distinction between peritoneal epithelioid mesotheliomas and serous carcinomas diffusely involving the peritoneum may be difficult, but it can be facilitated by the use of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. D2-40 and podoplanin are two recently recognized lymphatic endothelial markers that can be expressed in normal mesothelial cells and mesotheliomas. The purpose of this study is to compare the value of these new mesothelial markers with those that are commonly used for discriminating between mesotheliomas and serous carcinomas, and also to determine the current role of electron microscopy in distinguishing between these malignancies. A total of 40 peritoneal epithelioid mesotheliomas and 45 serous carcinomas of the ovary (15 primary, 30 metastatic to the peritoneum) were investigated for the expression of the following markers: D2-40, podoplanin, calretinin, keratin 5/6, thrombomodulin, MOC-31, Ber-EP4, B72.3 (TAG-72), BG-8 (Lewis(Y)), CA19-9, and leu-M1 (CD15). All 40 (100%) of the mesotheliomas reacted for calretinin, 93% for D2-40, 93% for podoplanin, 93% for keratin 5/6, 73% for thrombomodulin, 13% for Ber-EP4, 5% for MOC-31, 3% for BG-8, and none for B72.3, CA19-9, or leu-M1. All 45 (100%) serous carcinomas were positive for Ber-EP4, 98% for MOC-31, 73% for B72.3, 73% for BG-8, 67% for CA19-9, 58% for leu-M1, 31% for keratin 5/6, 31% for calretinin, 13% for D2-40, 13% for podoplanin, and 4% for thrombomodulin. After analyzing the results, it is concluded that Ber-EP4 and MOC-31 are the best negative mesothelioma markers for differentiating between epithelioid mesotheliomas and serous carcinomas. The best discriminators among the positive markers for mesotheliomas are D2-40, podoplanin, and calretinin. From a practical point of view, Ber-EP4 and MOC-31, in combination with calretinin, and/or D2-40 or podoplanin allow the differential diagnosis to be established between mesothelioma and serous carcinoma in nearly all instances. As a clear distinction could be made between these two malignancies in all of the cases in which electron microscopy was performed, this technique can be very useful in establishing the correct diagnosis when the immunohistochemical results are equivocal or further support of a diagnosis of either mesothelioma or serous carcinoma is needed.     

血小板第4因子对放射损伤小鼠骨髓基质细胞周期的影响

目的探讨血小板第4因子（platelet factor 4,PF4）对5.0 Gy γ射线全身照射小鼠的骨髓基质细胞（bone marrow stromal cells,BMSCs）的保护作用,进一步探讨PF4对造血的辐射防护机制.方法30只雄性小鼠随机分为3组：①放射组,②PF4保护组,③对照组.小鼠照射前分别于26和20 h腹腔内注射PF4,每次剂量50 μg/kg.于照射后3 d取骨髓细胞体外培养,分别计数培养后3、7和14 d的骨髓基质细胞集落（CFU-F）;在培养后10 d流式细胞仪检测细胞周期.结果3组中,照射组3 d的CFU-F数量与PF4保护组差异无统计学意义,7和14 d的CFU-F数量PF4保护组较照射组明显增加.流式细胞仪检测结果表明3组中照射组G0＋G1期细胞明显高于其余两组,S,G2＋M期细胞明显低于其余两组.结论PF4对照射小鼠的骨髓基质细胞有保护作用,促进造血重建.     

下颌骨即刻植骨术后延期愈合的临床分析

目的探讨下颌骨缺损即刻植骨修复术后,伤口延期愈合的影响因素。方法将下颌骨即刻植骨分为Ⅰ期愈合组和延期愈合组,回顾性地查阅住院病历,按预先设计的表格填写有关项目。结果下颌骨即刻植骨的愈合与患者的年龄、受骨区是否有手术史、植骨的类型、植骨的大小无关;术中口内外相通是植骨延期愈合的主要因素。结论下颌骨良性病变即刻植骨修复时,应密切关注术区与口内外穿通情况,进行有针对性地处理,争取植骨Ⅰ期愈合。     

Did the gradual loss of GLUT2 cause a shift to diabetic disorders in the New Zealand obese mouse (NZO/Hl)?

The New Zealand obese mouse (NZO/Hl) is characterised by hereditary obesity and type-2 diabetes, including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia, and glucose intolerance. In other diabetic models, it has been revealed that the proper functioning of the glucose transporter isoform 2 (GLUT2) is essential for adequate secretion of insulin. The aim of this study was to compare the distribution of islet cells and GLUT2, as well as the expression of GLUT2-mRNA, in the pancreas of NZO mice and metabolically unimpaired NMRI (Naval Medical Research Institute) mice. Pancreas tissue was obtained from different stages of development. For molecular determination of the expression level of GLUT2-mRNA, total-RNA was extracted from the pancreas and analysed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. All investigated NZO mice displayed increased weight, elevated hyperinsulinaemia, and slightly enhanced blood glucose levels compared with the NMRI control mice. By means of immunofluorescence microscopy drastically reduced insulin levels were detected, which might be compensated by the observed islet cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Furthermore, the normally peripheral localisation of the alpha-cells within islets was disturbed. By contrast, there were no changes in somatostatin cell distribution. However, considerable differences appeared with regard to GLUT2: whereas the beta-cells of NMRI mice showed dense immunostaining of the GLUT2 transporter on the cell surface, in all age groups of NZO mice, GLUT2 on the plasma membranes was reduced and dispersed in the cytoplasm. These findings agree with the molecular biological results, which displayed decreased mRNA-expression of GLUT2. In summary, the observed alteration of islet morphology and of GLUT2 expression in diabetic mice complements our previous results from a superfusion protocol and further clarifies the mechanisms of diabetogenesis in NZO mice.     

硫化氢及一氧化氦气体信号分子在高原高血压发病中的作用

目的 探讨气体信号分子硫化氢（H2S）及一氧化氮（NO）在高原高血压的病理生理意义。方法 平原体检正常者进入海拔5000m高原（1～3）月期间，在高原暴露时间、劳动强度及生活条件相同的施工群体中随机抽样127人。依血压变化将其分为高原高血压（Ⅰ～Ⅲ级）组78人（进一步分为收缩期高原高血压组与舒张期高原高血压组），高原正常血压组49人，采取肘静脉血，采用敏感硫电极法测定其H2S浓度，Griess法测定血清NO含量。结果 高原高血压组、收缩期高原高血压组、舒张期高原高血压组的血清H2S与NO平均含量均显著增加，分别比正常血压组高34．5％，36．9％，31.7％（均P〈0．001）与28．4％，33．1％，39．7％，（均P〈0．05），尤以H2S更为突出；随着血压分级程度的升高H2S与NO血清含量相应增高，也以H2S更显著（R^2=0．918）；H2S与NO、舒张压间均有密切正相关关系及良好的拟和优度、与氧饱和度呈显著的负相关与拟和优度（R^2=0．374，P=0．001）。结论 H2S与NO的代谢失常可能参与了高原高血压发病过程。     

Volume control associated with better cardiac function in long-term peritoneal dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of long-term blood pressure (BP) reduction, achieved with salt restriction and strict volume control, on frequency and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. METHODS: 56 patients who had been treated for more than 2 years under our care were enrolled. After echocardiographic (Echo) evaluation, 46 patients were included in the follow-up study. In our unit, we aim to keep patients' BP below 130/85 mmHg and cardiothoracic index below 0.50. To reach these targets, moderate salt restriction is advised, and if necessary, hypertonic PD solutions are used. Echo was performed at the beginning of the study (after a mean period of 36 months on PD) and at the end of the prospective follow-up period (24 months later). RESULTS: At the time of the first Echo, LVH was detected in only 8 (21%) patients. Residual urine volume was significantly decreased compared to data taken when they first started PD (658 +/- 795 vs 236 +/- 307 mL/day). Mean left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was 107 +/- 26.5 g/m2. LVMI was significantly decreased at the end of the follow-up in patients who had LVH at baseline. No LVH developed in patients who had normal LVMI at baseline. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that control of hypertension is possible when extracellular fluid volume is kept under control using hypertonic PD solutions in case of recruitment in addition to salt restriction in long-term PD patients. Sustained normovolemia is associated with low incidence and regression of LVH.