0～16岁城乡儿童骨骼矿物质含量及影响因素的研究

使用单光子骨矿物测定仪，自１９９４年初到１９９５年底，分别在河南省扶沟县和新乡市测定了３３２名健康的０～１６岁城乡儿童右前臂１／３处桡骨和尺骨的骨矿物质含量（ＢＭＣ），采用逐步多元回归分析了多个独立变量对桡骨ＢＭＣ和测量部位骨宽度的影响。结果显示：桡骨和尺骨的ＢＭＣ、骨宽度（ＢＷ）、ＢＭＣ／ＢＷ和前臂长度均随年龄而增加，０～６岁城市儿童的ＢＭＣ高于农村儿童；桡骨ＢＭＣ与所测量部位的ＢＷ呈正相关，年龄、体重和身高对桡骨ＢＭＣ都显示出显著和独立的正影响；儿童的桡骨ＢＭＣ与年龄呈显著正相关；而桡骨ＢＭＣ与体重的比值与年龄呈显著负相关；测定部位桡骨ＢＷ和前臂长度随年龄的增加呈曲线增加。在以身高和体重调整后，性别、年龄和体重对桡骨ＢＷ的影响变得不显著，只有身高的影响显著。本研究证明儿童在０～１６岁范围，身高（而不是肥胖）是骨骼ＢＭＣ的主要决定因素。在比较儿童骨密度结果时，要参考多个变量，如ＢＭＣ、骨密度，ＢＭＣ／体重、ＢＭＣ／年龄等综合评价指标更有说明力。     

2-甲基-7-亚甲基-1,4,6-三氧螺[4,4]壬烷与丙烯腈、丙烯酸甲酯的共聚合反应及竞聚率的测定

用高效液相色谱跟踪2-甲基-7-亚甲基-1,4,6-三氧螺[4,4]壬烷(MMTN)与丙烯腈(AN),丙烯酸甲酯(MA)的共聚合反应。根据Lowry-Meyer共聚积分方程式,采用插值法进行数据拟合测定单体的竞聚率。对于体系MMTN(M_1)-AN(M_2),r_1=0.048;r_2=0.213;MMTN(M_1)-MA(M_2)r_1=0.025,r_2=0.764。说明两组共聚体系均有较强的交替共聚趋势。     

INVOLVEMENT OF NON-NMDA AND NMDA RECEPTORS IN GLUTAMATE-INDUCED PRESSOR OR DEPRESSOR RESPONSES OF THE PONS AND MEDULLA

1. Fifty-five intact and six baroreceptor denervated and vagotomized cats of either sex were anaesthetized intraperito-neally with urethane (400 mg/kg) and a-chloralose (40 mg/kg). Responses of the systemic arterial pressure (SAP), mean SAP (MSAP) and sympathetic vertebral nerve (VNA) and renal nerve activities (RNA) were recorded. 2. In intact animals, monosodium L-glutamate (Glu, 0.1 mol/L, 50 nL) was microinjected into pressor areas of the locus coeruleus (LC), gigantocellular tegmental field (GTF), rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and dorsomedial medulla (DM), and the depressor areas of caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). The induced actions were compared before and after microinjection of either glutamate antagonists, glutamate diethylester (GDEE, 0.5 mol/L, 50–100nL), a competitive AMPA receptor blocker, or 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-AP5, 0.025 mol/L, 50–100 nL), a competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker. GDEE completely blocked the increases of SAP and VNA elicited from all pressor areas. D-AP5 only partially blocked the pressor but slightly blocked VNA and RNA responses from LC, GTF and DM, particularly those from RVLM. Neither GDEE nor D-AP5 blocked the depressor responses of SAP and two nerve activities elicited from CVLM. 3. In baroreceptor denervated animals, NMDA (2 mmol/L, 50–100 nL) and AMPA (0.2 mmol/L, 50–100 nL) were micro-injected into the same pressor areas of GTF, RVLM and DM and the depressor area of CVLM responsive to Glu activation (0.1 mol/L, 30 nL). In RVLM, DM and CVLM, the results of either NMDA or AMPA were similar to those induced by Glu. However, in GTF, microinjection of either NMDA or AMPA did not induce similar responses to Glu. This suggests that the nature of GTF may differ from RVLM and DM. 4. The above results suggest that the Glu-induced pressor responses from LC, GTF, DM and especially RVLM, are primarily mediated through AMPA receptors. The Glu-induced depressor responses from CVLM may not be predominantly mediated by either AMPA or NMDA receptors. 5. In both baroreceptor-intact and -denervated cats stimulation of the pressor areas often produced an increase of VNA and a decrease of RNA, while in the depressor CVLM decreased both VNA and RNA. The VNA, but not RNA were positively correlated with the pressor responses, while both VNA and RNA were positively correlated with the depressor responses. This may suggest that neurons of the sympathetic vertebral and renal nerves are topographically organized in the brain.     

应用VIDAS免疫分析系统检测血清抗伯氏包柔螺旋体抗体

莱姆病（Ｌｙｍｅｄｉｓｅａｓｅ）是最近十年来才被认识的一种蜱媒传染流行病，Ｌｙｍｅ病的血清学诊断方法有间接荧光免疫法（ＩＦＡ），酶免疫试验（）ＥＩＡ），免疫印迹法（ＷＢ），梅里埃生物公司（Ｂｉｏｍｅｒｉｅｕｘ）推出ＶＩＤＡＳ免疫诊断系统能够自动定性和半定量地检查Ｌｙｍｅ病的抗伯氏包柔螺旋体抗（抗ＢＢ抗体）。本方法结合了酶和荧光免疫两种方法。硷性磷酸酶标记二抗的底物是４ｍｅｔｈｙｌｕｍｂｅｌｌｉｆｅ     

十二指肠钩虫不同蚴龄感染小白鼠的实验研究

用蚴龄20d、40d 和60d 的幼虫,分别感染了3～4个月的小白鼠,每鼠经左腹部感染幼虫300条。在感染24h,3组幼虫均移行至肺脏,但在70d 后肺部仍有幼虫;自感染9d 后蚴龄20d 先移行至小肠,于11d 后蚴龄40d 和蚴龄60d 亦达小肠;感染24h 至70d 各部位组织均可检出未发育的Ⅲ期幼虫。     

O,O′-二烷基-O″-(5-取代-3-苯并噻吩乙腈肟)磷酸酯及硫代磷酸酯的合成

合成了18个O,O′-二烷基-O″-(5-取代-3-苯并噻吩乙腈肟)磷酸酯及硫代磷酸酯类化合物(Ⅰ_1～18)。初步杀螺试验结果表明,其中5个化合物,即Ⅰ_2,3,7,11,12有明显的杀螺增效作用。     

广东汉族人群HLA-Cw多态性及单体型分析

目的检测广东汉族人群HLA．Cw及HLA-A、B、DRB1基因频率，分析该人群HLA-Cw等位基因多态性及其单体型特点。方法骨髓移植供者185例，抗凝血提取DNA，半量全自动PCR-RSSO分型检测HLA-A、B、Cw、DRB1基因型。结果在分辨水平检出Cw等位基因11个，其中分布频率较高的依次为：Cw*03(0．2580)、Cw*07(0．1887)、Cw*01(0．1732)、Cw*08(0．1070)。统计分析呈现显著连锁不平衡的HLA-Cw．A单体型7个，HLA-Cw-B单体型20个，HLA—Cw．DRB1单体型10个。结论广东汉族群体HLA-Cw基因具有较为丰富的多态性，其与HLA-A、B、DRB1间连锁不平衡单体型具有地区性遗传特征。     

Potential contribution of nuclear factor-kappaB to cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits.

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) plays a key role in inflammation, which is involved in the development of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In the present study, we assessed the potential role of NF-kappaB in regulation of cerebral vasospasm. Nuclear factor-kappaB DNA-binding activity was measured in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with hemolysate and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 80 micromol/L), an inhibitor of NF-kappaB. Forty-two rabbits were divided into three groups: control, SAH, and PDTC groups (n=14 for each group). The caliber of the basilar artery was evaluated. Nuclear factor-kappaB DNA-binding activity and the gene expression levels of cytokines and adhesion molecules in the basilar artery were measured. Immunohistochemical study was performed to assess the expression and localization of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). It was observed that NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity was significantly increased by treatment with hemolysate in cultured VSCMs, but this increase was suppressed by pretreatment with PDTC. Severe vasospasm was observed in the SAH group, which was attenuated in the PDTC group. Subarachnoid hemorrhage could induce increases of NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity and the gene expression levels of TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, ICAM-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, which were reduced in the PDTC group. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that the expression levels of TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, and MPO were all increased in the SAH group, but these increases were attenuated in the PDTC group. Our results suggest that NF-kappaB is activated in the arterial wall after SAH, which potentially leads to vasospasm development through induction of inflammatory response.     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CLINICAL USE OF ANTIBIOTIC AND PRODUCTION OF ESBLS

Extended -spectrum β -lactamases(ESBLs)aremainlyproducedbymembersofthefamilyEnter obacteriaceaewhichcanhydrolyzeβ -lactamantibi oticsincludingthethird - generationcephalosporinandaztreonam ,theESBLs- producingbacillishowedmedian -highresistancetoceftazidimeandaztreonamparticularly[1] .NowadaystheprevalenceofESBLs -producingstrainshavebeenreportedinmanyareasaroundtheworld[2 ] .ButthereisfewinformationabouttherelationshipbetweentheuseofantibioticandtheproductionofESBLs .Weperformedastud…     

错畸形患者的Howes值测量分析

目的:本研究采用Howes法评估牙弓骨量与牙量的协调性,探讨其在正畸临床诊断与矫治设计确定拔牙与非拔牙中的应用价值。方法:选取第四军医大学口腔医学院正畸门诊患者80人,男、女拔牙与非拔牙各20例。测量牙量(TM)、双尖牙弓宽径(PMD)、双尖牙根尖基骨宽径(PMBAW)、基骨弓长度(BAL),并计算PMD/TM、PMBAW/TM、BAL/TM值,对其进行统计学处理与分析。结果:男女两组比较TM、PMD、PMBAW、BAL值有显著性差异,男性大于女性;但PMD/TM、PMBAW/TM、BAL/TM值无统计学意义;拔牙组与非拔牙组比较,PMD/TM、PMBAW/TM、BAL/TM值有显著性差异。结论:采用Howes法评估牙弓骨量与牙量对正畸临床的诊断和拔牙与非拔牙矫治设计有一定的指导意义。