Immunity in young adult survivors of childhood leukemia is similar to the elderly rather than age‐matched controls: Role of cytomegalovirus

Many treatment complications that occur late in childhood cancer survivors resemble age‐related comorbidities observed in the elderly. An immune phenotype characterized by increased immune activation, systemic inflammation, and accumulation of late‐differentiated memory CD57⁺CD28^? T cells has been associated with comorbidities in the elderly. Here, we explored if this phenotype was present in young adult leukemia survivors following an average of 19 years from chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy completion, and compared this with that in age‐matched controls. We found that markers of systemic inflammation—IL‐6 and human C‐reactive protein and immune activation—CD38 and HLA‐DR on T cells, soluble CD (sCD)163 from monocytes and macrophages—were increased in survivors compared to controls. T‐cell responses specific to cytomegalovirus (CMV) were also increased in survivors compared to controls while CMV IgG levels in survivors were comparable to levels measured in the elderly (>50years) and correlated with IL‐6, human C‐reactive protein, sCD163, and CD57⁺CD28^? memory T cells. Immune activation and inflammation markers correlated poorly with prior chemotherapy and radiotherapy exposure. These data suggest that CMV infection/reactivation is strongly correlated with the immunological phenotype seen in young childhood leukemia survivors and these changes may be associated with the early onset of age‐related comorbidities in this group.     

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Background

In view of the conflicting guidelines issued by national and international scientific societies, debate about the indications for prophylactic extraction of wisdeom teeth is ongoing. This prospective study was therefore set up to explore the complications associated with wisdom teeth and requiring in-patient treatment.

Patients and Methods

From January /2003 to December 2003, 21 subjects were admitted for treatment of complications associated with wisdom teeth. The medical history was recorded for each of these patients, as were the cause and type of the complications. The parameter used to quantify the severity of any infections was the CRP, and the overall clinical complexity level of each case was assessed by the length of stay in hospital (and the duration of intensive care if this had been necessary). The characteristics of patients in the group with postoperative complications were compared to those of patients with complications attributable to pericoronitis. Moreover, complications in patients who had undergone prophylactic extraction of wisdom teeth that had not been causing any symptoms were compared with those in patients whose wisdom teeth had been extracted because of morbidity.

Results

Overall, 18 deep-space infections (15 abscesses, 2 inflammatory infiltrations, 1 case of phlegmonous cellulitis), 2 mandibular fractures and 1 lingual nerve injury were noted within 1 year. The complications resulted from surgical procedures in 15 of the 21 cases, while in 6 they had their origin in pericoronitis. Extensive surgery or intensive care was required only for patients with postoperative complications. The length of stay in hospital was significantly greater for patients with postoperative complications (p= 0.007, U-test). However, 9 of these 15 patients reported preoperative episodes of infection. Thus, more than two thirds of the complications could be traced back to wisdom teeth that were causing symptoms.

Conclusion

In our clinic’s catchment area, infectious complications were more frequent and more severe and required more intensive and longer treatment in hospital than complications arising from pericoronitis. However, complications of prophylactic extraction of wisdom teeth were decidedly less frequent than direct or indirect complications of extraction of symptomatic teeth. Thus, our data tend to support the concept of elective extraction of wisdom teeth with the aim of preventing serious infections.     

静脉滴注免疫球蛋白对肾移植患者群体反应抗体的影响(英文)

背景:很多方法可降低群体反应抗体致敏患者的群体反应抗体水平,其中血浆置换或免疫吸附法脱敏法是比较常用的,但这些方法副作用较多。目的:拟观察肾移植前静脉滴注免疫球蛋白对肾移植患者血清群体反应抗体的影响。设计、时间及地点:以2003-01/2006-11重庆医科大学附属第一医院肾移植中心的57例等待肾移植的群体反应抗体致敏患者为对象的前后对照,病例分析。对象:群体反应抗体致敏患者57例,年龄21～65岁,群体反应抗体值平均(46.7±29.5)%。方法:所有患者在接受肾移植前以5g/d剂量静脉滴注免疫球蛋白,2周为1个疗程。2个疗程之间间隔1周。在给予静脉滴注免疫球蛋白前和疗程结束立即应用酶联免疫吸附反应方法各检测1次血清群体反应抗体水平。主要观察指标:血清群体反应抗体水平。结果:应用免疫球蛋白后群体反应抗体降为非致敏84%(48/57),完全未降5%(3/57),部分下降11%(6/57)。用药后群体反应抗体下降0～61%,平均(38.4±16.3)%。57例患者肾脏移植前淋巴细胞毒试验<10%,均未出现超急性排斥反应。结论:静脉滴注免疫球蛋白预治疗是理想的降低肾移植致敏性的方法,且副作用小。     

乙醇对股骨头髓内脂肪细胞的作用**☆

背景：乙醇已成为股骨头缺血性坏死的致病因素,其所致的骨髓内脂质代谢异常可能是股骨头缺血性坏死起病的重要原因,但机制尚未完全明确。
　　目的：从分子水平观察在乙醇作用下脂肪细胞结构功能的变化,以期分析酒精性股骨头坏死的发病机制。
　　方法：采用原代脂肪细胞体外培养技术,取大白兔股骨头髓内脂肪组织,分离获取脂肪细胞,以油红O染色行细胞表型鉴定。取传代稳定的髓内脂肪细胞,将盖玻片切割成10 mm×10 mm,种植前置入24孔培养板孔内,分为乙醇组和对照组,每组24孔,每孔为1个样本。对照组不加乙醇,乙醇组加入0.15 mol/L乙醇,分别于4,6,8,10 d 更换培养液,换液时不再加入乙醇,均培养至10 d。培养终止后,取出盖玻片行油红O染色,光镜下观察脂肪细胞形态并计数。
　　结果与结论：随着时间延长,乙醇组脂肪细胞数量明显多于对照组(P<0.001),2组小脂滴均逐渐增多、增大,但乙醇组更明显。培养4,6,8,10 d的髓内脂肪细胞数量乙醇组分别为(200.90±24.60),(1102.30±76.73),(1160.30±28.37),(1199.70±44.74)个/cm2;对照组分别为(99.80±10.82),(0.40±94.71),(1000.20±41.85),(1059.80±26.79)个/cm2,脂肪细胞数量随乙醇作用的时间延长而增多。提示乙醇能够促进髓内脂肪细胞增殖肥大,这可能是长期酗酒后股骨头骨髓内脂肪组织增多,骨内压增加,血流灌注减少,导致缺血,从而发生股骨头坏死的主要原因。     

影响椎弓根螺钉固定强度的相关因素

背景：椎弓根螺钉作为一种较为优良的脊柱内固定手段,近几年来已越来越广泛应用于临床实践中。目的：探讨影响椎弓根螺钉固定强度的相关因素,为临床选择椎弓根螺钉类型提供生物力学依据。方法：通过检索近年来文章内容与椎弓根螺钉的生物力学相关文献,从椎弓根螺钉器械自身几何形态因素、植入技术因素、椎弓根解剖因素、椎体的骨密度因素、螺钉的制作工艺及材料性能因素等对固定强度的影响相关研究成果作回顾性分析,为临床提供理论依据。结果与结论：文章结果显示椎弓根螺钉的自身形态如螺钉大小、螺纹形状、疲劳特性是影响固定强度的主要因素,椎体的骨密度、螺钉的制作工艺及材料性能也是影响固定强度不可忽视的因素。通过增加螺钉的直径、改进螺钉形态设计、强化骨质、改进操作技术可以提高螺钉的拔出力,提高螺钉的稳定性。     

PICC置管后日常护理实施状况的调查与分析

目的：探讨护理人员对PICC置管后日常护理知识的掌握情况和护理实施情况。方法采用自制问卷调查表对本院120名从事或近半年内从事PICC置管后日常护理护理人员进行调查,主要内容包括护理人员一般资料,对PICC置管后日常护理知识掌握情况及护理实施情况,观察分析结果。结果本组120名护理人员PICC置管后日常护理标准得分平均为(68.65⑨12.65)分,掌握程度最好的前三位依次为贴膜更换时间91.67%(110/120),无菌敷料揭去的方向84.17%(101/120),日常护理的注意事项83.33%(100/120),而掌握程度最差的三位依次为无菌贴膜固定的方式25.00%(30/120),消毒剂的性质31.67%(38/120)及皮肤消毒的范围35.00%(42/120)。 PICC置管后日常护理行为自评标准得分为(60.65⑨11.65)分。观察得分为(49.68⑨8.75)分,自评得分与观察得分比较差异具有统计学意义( P<0.05)。而且,知识得分与行为得分呈明显正相关。本组120名护理人员中仅56.67%护理人员经过PICC专科培训,41.67%护理人员获得PICC护士资质。结论PICC置管后日常护理是降低导管相关性感染的重要措施,应加强护理人员PICC相关知识与技能培训,提高护理人员PICC置后管日常护理理论与实践水平的提高,降低感染发生率,提高护理质量。     

感觉统合训练对改善农村地区学龄前儿童感觉统合失调的效果观察

[目的]探讨感觉统合训练治疗农村地区学龄前儿童感觉统合失调的疗效。[方法]选取感觉统合失调学龄前儿童120例,根据随机抽签原则分为治疗组与对照组各60例,治疗组根据疾病程度给予个体化的感觉统合训练,对照组给予常规行为干预训练,干预周期为3个月。[结果]治疗组的感觉统合能力和气质状况各维度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组的总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]感觉统合训练对农村地区学龄前儿童感觉统合失调具有很好的干预效果,能促进患儿的康复与气质状况的提高。     

Incorporation of magnesium ions into photo‐crosslinked alginate hydrogel enhanced cell adhesion ability

Photo‐crosslinked alginate hydrogel attracts wide interest in tissue engineering because of its excellent controllability and stability. However, its highly hydrophilic property makes cell adhesion difficult. Plenty of studies have confirmed that magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) can efficiently improve the attachment of osteoblasts. In this study, for the first time, we fabricated a durable, crosslinked, alginate hydrogel with a dual‐crosslinking network. Photo‐crosslinked alginate hydrogel was chosen as the basic backbone, and various amounts of Mg²⁺ were incorporated into the hydrogel through ionic crosslinking. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the hydrogels, including surface structure, composition, swelling ratio, ion release and elastic modulus, could be well tuned by controlling the amount of Mg²⁺ incorporated. In addition, a certain amount of Mg²⁺ significantly improved the attachment and spread of osteoblasts on the hydrogels. These characteristics make Mg²⁺‐incorporated photo‐crosslinked alginate hydrogel a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

临床护理路径在脑卒中患者神经性吞咽障碍训练中的应用

目的探讨临床护理路径在脑卒中患者神经性吞咽障碍训练中的应用效果。方法将2012年1~10月在本院神经内科住院的60例脑卒中伴有神经性吞咽障碍患者,按入院先后顺序,分为实验组和对照组,每组各30例。对照组采用常规护理方法进行吞咽障碍训练,实验组采用临床护理路径进行吞咽障碍训练。出院前比较两组患者吞咽功能改善情况。结果实验组患者吞咽功能改善明显优于对照组,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用临床护理路径在脑卒中伴神经性吞咽障碍患者中进行有针对性、系统的吞咽功能训练,可有效改善患者吞咽功能,提高患者生活质量,值得临床推广应用。