Comparison of antibacterial potencies of oral and parenteral antibiotic preparations against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, and Proteus isolated from urinary tract infections (3: 1981). 2. Changes in bacterial sensitivities

Since 1979 the antibacterial activity of antibiotics against E. coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Proteus isolated from patients with urinary tract infections has been investigated. The serious transition of susceptibilities of E. coli and Klebsiella could not be recognized in these antibiotics (MPC, ABPC, NA, PPA, CEX, CEZ, CTM, CMZ and CFX). However, a few resistant organisms against the third generation's antibiotics (CTX, CMX, CZX, LMOX and CPZ) have already been appeared, we have to observe these results, continuously.     

Elimination of EKG artifacts from EEGs recorded with balanced non-cephalic reference electrode method

The EKG artifacts contaminating EEGs recorded by the balanced non-cephalic reference electrode system were removed from EEGs by using a device composed of a one channel averager and simple hardware. This device has the following advantages to the others which have been previously proposed: (1) it is possible by averaging of a few (i.e., 5) EKG artifacts in EEG records successfully with only one channel averaged EEG derived from an earlobe; (2) the averaged EKG pattern is able to follow rapid EKG pattern change due to altered body position; (3) the possibility of being affected by another kind of artifact was decreased, because the time of averaging process to obtain averaged EKG became shorter. A remaining problem in achieving a complete removal of EKG artifacts (maximally of 100 micro V) was beat-by-beat small changes in EKG wave forms due to the respiratory cycle. Therefore, it was felt that our method was sufficiently accurate for clinical examination of EEG.     

Production of calcitonin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in tumors derived from amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cells.

The tumor production of human calcitonin (CT) was examined by radioimmunoassay, and it was found that 50 of 85 (59%) tumor tissues collected at random contained immunoreactive CT. These tumors were grouped as to whether they were derived from the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) series. The group that was derived from APUD cells showed appreciable amounts of CT in 30 of 31 (97%) of these tumors or in 20 of 21 (95%) when the medullary carcinomas of the thyroid were excluded. However, of the non-APUD group of tumors only 20 of 54 (37%) were found to contain CT, so that the difference between these two groups was highly significant (p less than 0.001). Of the tumors with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-melanocyte-stimulating hormone production, 12 of 14 were shown to contain CT. These data indicate that CT is a common product of the APUD tumors and that tumor production of CT is often associated with that of adrenocorticotropic hormone and beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone.